Download or read book Behavioural Response in the Context of Socio economic Microanalytic Simulation written by Lars Osberg and published by Statistics Canada. This book was released on 1986 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a critical survey of the labour/leisure choice frame-work and its usefulness in analyzing behavioural response to tax and social policy legislation. Micro simulation, once it moves beyond simplistic incidence analysis, must consider the behavioural response of individuals to changes which legislation induces in the constraints which individuals face. Due to its analytical simplicity, the labour/leisure framework offers a useful "first step" in modeling such behavioural response. The paper surveys the existing literature on labour supply elasticities and suggests some working assumptions. It concludes, however, on a note of caution - namely that the single period labour/leisure choice model may be a very poor guide to the behaviour of the "working poor" when confronted with changes tax and social policy legislation -- more elaborate models of lifecycle behaviour are clearly required.
Download or read book Changing Patterns in the Distribution of Economic Welfare written by Peter Gottschalk and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-09-29 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1997 book examines the income distributional experience of fifteen developed economies - representing a wide range of social and economic strategies - over the past two decades. Experts from each of the countries have carefully documented the pattern of distributional change in individual earnings and household income in their countries and analysed the driving forces behind these changes. Separate chapters are devoted to the experiences of Australia, Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, France, West and former East Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. The authors examine the effects on the inequality of household income of the development of individual earnings, unemployment, inflation, public sector transfers and taxes, and demographic changes.
Download or read book Simulating Society written by Richard J. Gaylord and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-06-19 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exploration of the basis for social and economic behaviour. Using cellular automata in particular, the authors model various factors that are involved in a system of individuals who interact socially and economically with one another. Computer simulations in the social sciences provide a laboratory in which qualitative ideas about social and economic interactions can be tested. This brings a new dimension to the science, where 'explanations' abound, but are rarely subject to much experimental testing. The authors have chosen Mathematica because it has a number of features which make it uniquely qualified for use by social scientists, especially those without expertise in computer programming. Further, users can easily access and readily interact with the various 3.0 Mathematica notebooks, plus other data to be found at www.telospub.com.
Download or read book Microlog Canadian Research Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1054 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An indexing, abstracting and document delivery service that covers current Canadian report literature of reference value from government and institutional sources.
Download or read book Microsimulation Modelling for Policy Analysis written by Lavinia Mitton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-09-21 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications and methods of state of the art microsimulation modelling.
Download or read book Consumption Income and Retirement written by A. Leslie Robb and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper uses unpublished Canadian Family Expenditure Survey data on individuals for 1969-82 to estimate consumption and income age profiles for married-couple families, paying attention to the transition between work and retirement. The paper examines the common assumptions of numerical simulation life-cycle models, namely upward sloping consumption-age profiles and dissaving in retirement, and the assumption that the marginal utility of consumption is independent of the quantity of leisure consumed. The paper also demonstrates the ability of the uncertain lifetime model to rationalize the empirical results and evaluates the suitability of that model as a vehicle for policy simulations.
Download or read book Canadian Tax Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Expanding Middle written by John Myles and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of changes in the skill distribution of jobs in the Canadian economy between 1961 and 1981 with estimates based on the census distribution of occupations ranked by skill level. Findings are compared with self-reported skill requirements from the Canadian Class Structure Survey conducted in the winter of 1982/3. Occupations are ranked on the basis of training time and skill requirements and indicators are from the worker trait data used in compiling the Canadian Classification and Dictionary of Occupations. The data are samples from the 1961, 1971, and 1981 censuses with the agricultural labour force excluded.
Download or read book Divergent Inequalities Theory Empirical Results and Prescriptions written by Michael C. Wolfson and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tries to explain why statistical indicators about the "disappearing middle class" are potentially misleading.
Download or read book Unemployment and Training written by W. G. Picot and published by Social and Economic Studies Division, Statistics Canada. This book was released on 1987 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Training is often discussed as a principal means of improving the labour adjustment process for the unemployed. But if training is to be effective for particular target groups of unemployed, it is necessary to know to what degree training is actually utilized by the group. That is the question addressed in this paper. Using logistic regression and data from two surveys, the probability of taking training is determined for the unemployed with various characteristics. It is also found that being unemployed increases significantly the likelihood of training. It is also found that often groups of the unemployed who face the most difficult adjustment experiences and the most difficult labour markets are those who are least likely to turn to training.
Download or read book An Experimental Canadian Survey that Links Workplace Practices and Employee Outcomes written by W. G. Picot and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conversely, a direct link is established between the events in the firm and the characteristics of the workers, another area of research that has suffered from a lack of data at the micro-level. This paper outlines why such a survey is needed, the possible content, and research topics that could be addressed with such data.
Download or read book Working More Working Less written by Marie Drolet and published by Statistics Canada, Analytical Studies Branch. This book was released on 1997 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calculations based on the Survey on Work Reduction of 1985 suggest that if Canadian workers were to voluntarily reduce their workweek, the number of workhours available for redistribution would unlikely be sufficient to both eliminate underemployment and reduce unemployment. The potential for worktime redistribution, as measured by the propensity to desire fewer hours, appears to be greatest (lowest) in age-education groups with relatively low (high) unemployment rates. This implies that the resulting decrease in unemployment and underemployment could be more pronounced in groups where workers are already relatively successful.
Download or read book Alternative Measures of the Average Duration of Unemployment written by Miles Corak and published by Analytical Studies Branch, Statistics Canada. This book was released on 1995 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the robustness of a measure of the average complete duration of unemployment in Canada to a host of assumptions used in its derivation. In contrast to the average incomplete duration of unemployment, which is a lagging cyclical indicator, this statistic is a coincident indicator of the business cycle. The impact of using a steady state as opposed to a non steady state assumption, as well as the impact of various corrections for response bias are explored. It is concluded that a non steady state estimator would be a valuable compliment to the statistics on unemployment duration that are currently released by many statistical agencies, and particularly Statistics Canada.
Download or read book Social Transfers Changing Family Structure and Low Income Among Children written by W. G. Picot and published by Analytical Studies Branch, Statistics Canada. This book was released on 1995 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our aim in this paper is to resolve a paradox. Since the 1970s, there has been a downward secular trend in the average real and relative earnings of young adults under the age of 35. Despite the fact that most young children live in households headed by adults under 35, there has been no corresponding secular rise in the incidence of low income among children. Rather child poverty has followed the usual fluctuations of the business cycle. We show that the relative stability in child poverty rates in the face of declining labour market earnings is a result of two factors. First, the decline in market income in young households with children has been offset by rising transfers. Since the 1970s, social transfers have replaced earnings as the main source of income among low income families with children. Second, changes in the fertility behaviour and labour market characteristics of young adults have sharply reduced the risk of young children growing up in low income households. Today's young parents are better educated, working more hours, having fewer children, and postponing childbirth until later ages when earnings are higher. Although more children do find themselves in single parent families, this change has been swamped by other changes in family patterns and labour market behaviour that have reduced the risk of child poverty. Thus, the upward pressure on low income among children stemming from the labour market has been offset by social transfers, on the one hand, and by changes in family formation and the labour market behaviour of young adults, on the other. Except for cyclical variations, the result has been relative stability in the incidence of low income among children over the 1980s and early 1990s. Whether these offsetting patterns will continue in the last half of the 1990s remains to be seen.
Download or read book Modelling the Lifetime Employment Patterns of Canadians written by W. G. Picot and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper utilizes data from Statistics Canada's Family History Survey (FHS) to study the relationship between family-related variables and the movement of Canadians -- women in particular -- in and out of employment. These relationships are explored by expressing transition probabilities as a function of variables such as age, sex, marital status, age of youngest child and educational attainment. The transition probabilities are also conditioned upon the state occupied the previous year, and the duration in that state. The goal is to develop an employment submodel of a larger Lifetime Income and Pension Policy Simulation Model (LIPPS). The simulated employment patterns are compared to the actuals from the FHS.
Download or read book Good Jobs bad Jobs and the Declining Middle 1967 1986 written by W. G. Picot and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concern about the impact of a number of structural changes in the economy on the creation of "good" and "bad" jobs (i.e., high and low paying) has surfaced in recent years. It is speculated that the shift in employment to the services sector, technological change, the changing demographic composition of the workforce, contracting out and other effects are resulting in a polarization of the distribution of wages and earnings; that is, more workers and jobs at the bottom and top of the distributions and fewer in the middle. Using data on employment earnings of full-time, full-year workers from 1967 to 1986, this paper examines the degree to which polarization occurs, and whether the changing age and sex composition of work force accounts for this polarization. It is found that earnings distribution has become more polarized for this population since 1967, and that much of it remains after accounting for demographic effects. During the 1970's, after eliminating the effect of the changing age and sex mix, all of the shift was towards the top of the earnings distribution. During the late 60s and 1980s there was a shift towards both the top and bottom of the earnings distributions. In the 1980's demographic effects were less pronounced, but polarization continued and if anything accelerated. The changing industrial and occupational composition of jobs (Eg. the shift to the services) accounts for little of the observed polarization in the 1980s. Rather, a decline in the relative wages of young people is behind much of the observed change, at least to 1986. The degree to which the polarization of the earnings distribution is due to changes in hourly wage rates or changes in hours worked is also examined, and it is found that in the 1980s, both contributed about equally to earnings polarization.
Download or read book Income Maintenance Work Effort and the Canadian Mincome Experiment written by Derek Hum and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluates the Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment (Mincome).
