Download or read book Behavioural and Genetic Assessment of Mate Choice in Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis written by Terin Robinson and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multifaceted approach is necessary in order to better understand the complex processes involved in mate choice. I investigated the mechanisms of mate choice using a population of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) with known ancestry, using a combination of behavioural observations and microsatellite genetic data to better understand how relatedness influences mate choice in this species. Video observations of female mate choice based on kinship indicated a statistically significant preference of female brook trout for association with males, as demonstrated by the decreased activity level of females in the presence of males. No statistically significant preference for unrelated or related males was evident, however, indicating that while females preferred to be near males, the relatedness of the preferred males varied between individuals. In a second experiment, the roles of relatedness, stocking and local adaptation in mate selection and mating success were investigated by introducing seven brook trout families of known ancestry and relatedness into a semi-wild environment. Reproductive contributions were assessed using two consecutive years of sampling newly hatched fry and determining parentage via microsatellite genotyping. Low levels of reproductive success of the stocked fish, along with little evidence of introgression, suggest that local adaptation is an important (and limiting) component of successful reproduction in this species. These findings are important to future conservation and management of brook trout, as they highlight the importance of maintaining genetic diversity and evolutionary potential both within and between populations.
Download or read book Genetics of Mate Choice From Sexual Selection to Sexual Isolation written by W.J. Etges and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic studies aimed at understanding the origin of species are dominating major scientific journals. In the past decade, genetic tools that were previously available only in model systems have become accessible to investigators working on nearly all species. Concurrent with these technical advances has been an increase in understanding of both the importance of considering the ecological context of speciation and testing hypotheses about causes for species formation. Many recent studies suggest a prominent role of sexual selection in species formation. These advances have produced a need for a synthesis of what we now understand about speciation, and perhaps more importantly, where we should go from here. In this volume, several leading investigators and rising stars have contributed reviews and/or novel primary research findings aimed at understanding the ultimate mystery on which Darwin named his most famous and influential book. Fundamental to the origin of species is the evolution of mate choice systems. This collection of papers discusses burgeoning genetic, evolutionary, and ecological approaches to understanding the origins of mating discrimination and causes of premating reproductive isolation both within and between species. The individual contributions span a wide spectrum of disciplines, taxa, and ideas (some controversial). This synthesis brings together several of the most recent ideas with supporting empirical data. This book will be of particular interest to both undergraduate and postgraduate researchers and students and researchers in the field of evolutionary biology, genetics and animal behaviour.
Download or read book Genetic Analysis in Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis Mitchill Plus Some Interspecific Comparisions of Lens Proteins of Salmonidae and Esocidae written by Larry R. Eckroat and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mate Choice written by Paul Patrick Gordon Bateson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1983-04-28 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twenty-one specially-commissioned articles provide a clear picture of the current state of thinking about mate choice. Brings together modern thinking on the various functions of mate choice and its role in evolution.
Download or read book Phenotypic Variability and Female Mate Choice in the Brook Stickleback Culaea Inconstans written by Jessica Lyn Ward and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding how variation in communication signals is manifested across a species, and how organisms use such signals to discriminate among potential mates, is crucial to understanding how behavioural mechanisms drive or maintain reproductive isolation between populations, and ultimately, speciation. In this body of research I used a molecular phylogenetic framework as a baseline context to evaluate contemporary patterns of divergence in male and female phenotypic attributes potentially used in sexual communication in two lineages of a widespread North American fish, the brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans). My results show that (1) the patterns of genetic and phenotypic variation are largely incongruent across the species range, suggesting that a complex relationship exists between genes, morphology and behaviour in this species, and that (2) pre-mating isolation between the lineages based on visual cues is likely incomplete; strong conservation of female mate assessment strategies---in particular a preference for more vigorously courting males---coupled with uncorrelated divergence in male courtship performance generated asymmetric patterns of assortative mate choice across the lineage divide during preliminary reciprocal mate choice tests. Surprisingly, variation in the linear intensity of one of the most dramatic courtship traits, male nuptial colour, had little influence on female choice decisions and no evidence of predictive relationships between the intensity of male colouration and least two female reproductive benefits (the level of male parental care and early offspring performance) were found. However, female responses to the male nuptial colour signal were strongly influenced by the spectral nature of the surrounding media, suggesting that signal structure has been largely driven by selection based on recognition and detection in a heterogeneous environment. The present findings indicate that sexual communication in the brook stickleback differs substantially from that of closely related stickleback species, and emphasizes the importance of examining geographic divergence in both female preferences and male communication signals in studies designed to elucidate the mechanisms driving, or constraining, reproductive isolation between groups.
Download or read book Spawning Behavior and Strain Tolerance of Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis Mitchill in Acidified Water written by David William Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evolutionary Biology of the Atlantic Salmon written by Tomislav Vladić and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-08-10 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L) is an anadromous species contributing to major fishery catches and comprising a significant part of the aquaculturally produced fish for human consumption. The aim of this book is to incite the interest in the field of knowledge gathered from a broad scope of disciplines that have investigated this fish species. Und
Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Soluble Lens Protein Polymorphism in Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis written by Larry Raymond Eckroat and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic Analyses in Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis Mitchill Plus Some Interspecific Comparisons of Lens Proteins of Salmonidae and Esocidae written by Larry Raymond Eckroat and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigating the Conservation Genetics Small Population Paradigm Using the Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis written by Jacquelyn L. A. Wood and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conservation genetics small population paradigm predicts reduced quantitative genetic variation and consequently, adaptive potential, for populations which have become small and isolated due to habitat fragmentation. While these expectations are supported by laboratory studies, their generality in wild populations remain unresolved. In actuality, the evolutionary consequences of fragmentation may depend on whether environmental characteristics– and by extension, selective regimes are (1) shifted in a consistent directional manner as is widely assumed (Directional hypothesis), or (2) become more variable as population and fragment size decrease (Variable hypothesis); this latter possibility has so far received little empirical attention. Implementing field techniques, I explore these two competing hypotheses by relating variability in habitat characteristics to population size in a series of differentially abundant brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations located at Cape Race, Newfoundland. I furthermore use these hypotheses as a foundation to test the assumptions of the conservation genetic small population paradigm by investigating the relationships of population size at Cape Race to additive genetic variation (VA), trait differentiation (QST), and phenotypic plasticity in common garden analyses, and to the extent of natural selection in a meta-analysis using a large number of natural populations and species. Across two years and in relation to two population size metrics, patterns of habitat characteristics among small versus large Cape Race populations supported the Variable hypothesis. However, small brook trout populations did not significantly differ from large populations in either the magnitude or variability of VA, QST, or phenotypic plasticity. Results of the meta-analysis similarly revealed little support for differences in the strength, direction, and form of selection among wild populations differing in population size. The lack of differences might be explained by long term fluctuating environmental conditions which resulted in fluctuating selective pressures and similar outcomes among small compared to large Cape Race populations, and among the species included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the results of this research contradict the assumption that small populations generally inhabit marginal environments and also dispute the major tenets of the conservation genetics small population paradigm. Taken together, they suggest that even very small populations of some species may retain the adaptive potential necessary to cope with future environmental change.
Download or read book Assessment and Predictive Model for Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis Population Status in the Eastern United States written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Understanding Phenotypic and Genetic Variation in Behaviours Linked to Migration in Lake Superior Brook Trout written by Nicole Wajmer and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I investigated the relationship between personality and migration in Lake Superior Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) known to display migratory polymorphisms: a small bodied stream resident, and a larger bodied migrant. Resident and migrant Brook Trout were captured and crossed to create 26 families. Five personality metrics were quantified for offspring and tested for (i) repeatability and heritability, (ii) phenotypic and genetic correlations, and (iii) relationships with the migratory behaviour of their parents. Assays of risk-taking, general activity, social behaviour, and propensity to disperse were conducted for the 0+, 1+, and 2+ age classes. Personality metrics were repeatable and heritable across age classes. I found evidence for a behaviour syndrome involving risk-taking, activity, and propensity to disperse. However, the personality of the offspring was not related to the migratory status of their parents at any age, suggesting that personality and migratory behaviour are not controlled by a simple, proximate mechanism.
Download or read book Handbook of Fish Biology and Fisheries written by Paul J. B. Hart and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent decades have witnessed strong declines in fish stocks aroundthe globe, amid growing concerns about the impact of fisheries onmarine and freshwater biodiversity. Fisheries biologists andmanagers are therefore increasingly asking about aspects ofecology, behaviour, evolution and biodiversity that weretraditionally studied by people working in very separate fields.This has highlighted the need to work more closely together, inorder to help ensure future success both in management andconservation. The Handbook of Fish Biology and Fisheries has beenwritten by an international team of scientists and practitioners,to provide an overview of the biology of freshwater and marine fishspecies together with the science that supports fisheriesmanagement and conservation. This volume, subtitled Fish Biology, reviews a broadvariety of topics from evolutionary relationships and globalbiogeography to physiology, recruitment, life histories, genetics,foraging behaviour, reproductive behaviour and community ecology.The second volume, subtitled Fisheries, uses much of thisinformation in a wide-ranging review of fisheries biology,including methods of capture, marketing, economics, stockassessment, forecasting, ecosystem impacts and conservation. Together, these books present the state of the art in ourunderstanding of fish biology and fisheries and will serve asvaluable references for undergraduates and graduates looking for acomprehensive source on a wide variety of topics in fisheriesscience. They will also be useful to researchers who needup-to-date reviews of topics that impinge on their fields, anddecision makers who need to appreciate the scientific backgroundfor management and conservation of aquatic ecosystems. To order volume I, go to the box in the top right hand corner.Alternatively to order volume II, go to:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/book.asp?ref=063206482X or toorder the 2 volume set, go to:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/book.asp?ref=0632064838. Provides a unique overview of the study of fish biology andecology, and the assessment and management of fish populations andecosystems. The first volume concentrates on aspects of fish biology andecology, both at the individual and population levels, whilst thesecond volume addresses the assessment and management of fishpopulations and ecosystems. Written by an international team of expert scientists andpractitioners. An invaluable reference tool for both students, researchers andpractitioners working in the fields of fish biology andfisheries.
Download or read book The Evolutionary Ecology of Mate Choice microform written by Trevor Edgar Pitcher and published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. This book was released on 2005 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis I report on a series of studies that addresses features of multiple mating and sexual selection in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) and birds in general. In chapter 3, I tested the genetic incompatibility hypothesis by asking whether female guppies can bias their use of sperm toward more compatible males. Despite the deleterious consequences of inbreeding, there was no evidence of inbreeding avoidance in pre-copulatory behaviors of females or males, or in sperm use by females. These results suggest that female guppies do not discriminate on the basis of genetic relatedness, against closely related males or their sperm and as such do not multiply mate to avoid the costs of inbreeding depression. In chapter 5, I examined several ecological and behavioural factors in relation to testes size; an index of the extent of extrapair mating. The results of this chapter suggest that traditional ecological and behavioral variables can account for a significant portion of the variation in sperm competition in birds. In chapter 2, I test the trade-up hypothesis which is a behavioural strategy that females could use to maximize the genetic benefits to their offspring. The hypothesis proposes that females should be more willing to accept a mate when the new male encountered is a superior genetic source than previous mates. I found that females responsiveness to second males was an increasing function of male ornamentation. Attractive second males also sired a greater proportion of the offspring. These results suggest that female guppies may utilize pre-copulatory mechanisms to maximize the genetic quality of their offspring. In chapter 4, I tested whether female guppies could potentially accrue direct benefits from mate choice by assessing whether the orange, carotenoid-based integument pigmentation of male guppies signals male functional fertility, that is, their ability to supply a large number of high quality sperm at copulation. Males with greater areas of carotenoid colouration had significantly larger sperm loads and more motile sperm relative to males with relatively little carotenoid colouration. However, I found no evidence that sperm traits were related to the intensity of carotenoid colouration.
Download or read book Aquaculture and Fisheries Biotechnology written by Rex A. Dunham and published by CABI. This book was released on 2023-02-28 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genetic improvement of fish for aquaculture and related fisheries has seen huge advances over recent years. Building upon the previous two editions of Aquaculture and Fisheries Biotechnology: Genetic Approaches, this 3rd edition offers a presentation of traditional selective breeding, modern genetic biotechnology, genomics, gene transfer and gene editing, and the latest developments in genetic biotechnology such as epigenetics, xenogenesis and genome-wide association study coupled with commercial application, the impact of government regulation and expectations for the future. It provides a firm grounding in relevant aspects of classical genetics, before focusing on particular aspects such as sex reversal and breeding as applied in aquaculture and fisheries. It also explores how more recent molecular genetics, genomics and biotechnology techniques can be used and combined in improvement programmes for fish and aquaculture species. A glossary explains the latest terminology used in biotechnology and genetics. This book will be useful for research scientists and students in marine biotechnology, aquaculture biotechnology, and fish genetics and breeding.
Download or read book Decision Neuroscience written by Jean-Claude Dreher and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-09-27 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decision Neuroscience addresses fundamental questions about how the brain makes perceptual, value-based, and more complex decisions in non-social and social contexts. This book presents compelling neuroimaging, electrophysiological, lesional, and neurocomputational models in combination with hormonal and genetic approaches, which have led to a clearer understanding of the neural mechanisms behind how the brain makes decisions. The five parts of the book address distinct but inter-related topics and are designed to serve both as classroom introductions to major subareas in decision neuroscience and as advanced syntheses of all that has been accomplished in the last decade. Part I is devoted to anatomical, neurophysiological, pharmacological, and optogenetics animal studies on reinforcement-guided decision making, such as the representation of instructions, expectations, and outcomes; the updating of action values; and the evaluation process guiding choices between prospective rewards. Part II covers the topic of the neural representations of motivation, perceptual decision making, and value-based decision making in humans, combining neurcomputational models and brain imaging studies. Part III focuses on the rapidly developing field of social decision neuroscience, integrating recent mechanistic understanding of social decisions in both non-human primates and humans. Part IV covers clinical aspects involving disorders of decision making that link together basic research areas including systems, cognitive, and clinical neuroscience; this part examines dysfunctions of decision making in neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, behavioral addictions, and focal brain lesions. Part V focuses on the roles of various hormones (cortisol, oxytocin, ghrelin/leptine) and genes that underlie inter-individual differences observed with stress, food choices, and social decision-making processes. The volume is essential reading for anyone interested in decision making neuroscience. With contributions that are forward-looking assessments of the current and future issues faced by researchers, Decision Neuroscience is essential reading for anyone interested in decision-making neuroscience. - Provides comprehensive coverage of approaches to studying individual and social decision neuroscience, including primate neurophysiology, brain imaging in healthy humans and in various disorders, and genetic and hormonal influences on decision making - Covers multiple levels of analysis, from molecular mechanisms to neural-systems dynamics and computational models of how we make choices - Discusses clinical implications of process dysfunctions, including schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, eating disorders, drug addiction, and pathological gambling - Features chapters from top international researchers in the field and full-color presentation throughout with numerous illustrations to highlight key concepts
Download or read book Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout written by Bror Jonsson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-03 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Destruction of habitat is the major cause for loss of biodiversity including variation in life history and habitat ecology. Each species and population adapts to its environment, adaptations visible in morphology, ecology, behaviour, physiology and genetics. Here, the authors present the population ecology of Atlantic salmon and brown trout and how it is influenced by the environment in terms of growth, migration, spawning and recruitment. Salmonids appeared as freshwater fish some 50 million years ago. Atlantic salmon and brown trout evolved in the Atlantic basin, Atlantic salmon in North America and Europe, brown trout in Europe, Northern Africa and Western Asia. The species live in small streams as well as large rivers, lakes, estuaries, coastal seas and oceans, with brown trout better adapted to small streams and less well adapted to feeding in the ocean than Atlantic salmon. Smolt and adult sizes and longevity are constrained by habitat conditions of populations spawning in small streams. Feeding, wintering and spawning opportunities influence migratory versus resident lifestyles, while the growth rate influences egg size and number, age at maturity, reproductive success and longevity. Further, early experiences influence later performance. For instance, juvenile behaviour influences adult homing, competition for spawning habitat, partner finding and predator avoidance. The abundance of wild Atlantic salmon populations has declined in recent years; climate change and escaped farmed salmon are major threats. The climate influences through changes in temperature and flow, while escaped farmed salmon do so through ecological competition, interbreeding and the spreading of contagious diseases. The authors pinpoint essential problems and offer suggestions as to how they can be reduced. In this context, population enhancement, habitat restoration and management are also discussed. The text closes with a presentation of what the authors view as major scientific challenges in ecological research on these species.
