Download or read book Behaviour of Granular Materials Used in Flexible Pavements written by Mumtaz Ahmed Kamal and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Engineering Behavior of Pavement Materials written by Yu Tang Chou and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Comprehensive System for Characterising Granular Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new 2002 AASHTO Guide for Pavement Design advocates the use of the resilient modulus parameter for the characterization of granular materials used as base and sub-base layers in flexible pavements. The multitude of factors that affects the resilient behaviour of granular material makes the determination of the resilient modulus at different loading and physical conditions a critical factor for the pavement design process. This calibration task requires the availability of a robust system capable of producing the needed results in a timely and effective fashion. The current paper reports on recent research activities at the National Research Council, which aim at providing tools that can be utilised to carry out the calibration process. The objective of the research program is to establish database of resilient moduli for the different types of granular materials used in the Canadian Provinces. The research program combines both laboratory testing and numerical techniques to develop the required database. The paper presents an overview of the characterization system together with typical results obtained. For the covering abstract of this conference see ITRD number E211395.

Download or read book Behaviour of Granular Materials written by Bernard Cambou and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-04 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a complete and comprehensive analysis of the behaviour of granular materials including the description of experimental results, the different ways to define the global behaviour from local phenomena at the particle scale, the various modellings which can be used for a D.E.M. analysis to solve practical problems and finally the analysis of strain localisation. The concepts developed in this book are applicable to many kinds of granular materials considered in civil, mechanical or chemical engineering.

Download or read book Unbound Granular Materials written by A. Gomes Correia and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Behaviour of a Granular Material Under Repeated Loading written by John Rodney Boyce and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of Flexible Pavement Behavior with Emphasis on the Behavior of Granular Layers written by Owen Orr Thompson and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pavements Unbound written by Andrew Dawson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-09-01 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly all highway, airport, dock and industrial pavements contain large quantities of untreated aggregate in the form of unbound pavement layers. In many pavements, which are lightly or moderately trafficked, crushed rock or gravel derived aggregates comprise the majority of the construction or, in the case of unsealed pavements, all of the structure. This book provides studies of the performance and description of this material that will help the reader to better understand its characteristics and behaviour both alone and as part of the pavement structure it forms. This work will be useful to practitioners, policy makers, researchers and students. It forms a sequel to the earlier book "Unbound Aggregates in Road Construction" also published by Balkema

Download or read book From Fundamentals to Applications in Geotechnics written by D. Manzanal and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2015-12-11 with total page 3344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work of geotechnical engineers contributes to the creation of safe, economic and pleasant spaces to live, work and relax all over the world. Advances are constantly being made, and the expertise of the profession becomes ever more important with the increased pressure on space and resources. This book presents the proceedings of the 15th Pan-American Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (XV PCSMGE), held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in November 2015. This conference, held every four years, is an important opportunity for international experts, researchers, academics, professionals and geo-engineering companies to meet and exchange ideas and research findings in the areas of soil mechanics, rock mechanics, and their applications in civil, mining and environmental engineering. The articles are divided into nine sections: transportation geotechnics; in-situ testing; geo-engineering for energy and sustainability; numerical modeling in geotechnics; foundations and ground improvement; unsaturated soil behavior; embankments, dams and tailings; excavations and tunnels; and geo-risks, and cover a wide spectrum of issues from fundamentals to applications in geotechnics. This book will undoubtedly represent an essential reference for academics, researchers and practitioners in the field of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. In this proceedings, approximately 65% of the contributions are in English, and 35% of the contributions are in Spanish or Portuguese.

Download or read book Behavior of Granular Materials Under Cyclic and Repeated Loading written by George H. Minassian and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Granular layers are essential contributors to the structural integrity of the pavement system, their premature deformation radically decrease support of the asphalt concrete surface layer, thus leading to the early deterioration of the overall pavement structure. This research was conducted to better understand the behavior of granular materials when subjected to the complex nature of traffic loading. Long-term triaxial tests were conducted on typical Alaskan base course material using both repeated as well as cyclic loading to also account for the shear reversal effects induced by wheel load. Results show that the shear reversal component of the traffic loads, which have been ignored so far, induces considerable damage to the granular layers. Models were presented to predict the different soil moduli while also accounting the effect of strain hardening or densification due to the repetitive nature of the loads applied. Moreover, a simple yet powerful model was presented to predict accumulated permanent strains as function of the stress state, number of load repetitions and the strength level applied. The results obtained in this study also show a clear indication of the existence of given stress level limit beyond which incremental collapse of the system takes place. Furthermore, regions of instability of granular layers subjected to dynamic loading have been defined using a simple response parameter and monotonic shear strength of the soil. An effort was made to explain the instability zones identified in this research by the shakedown theory"--Leaf iii.

Download or read book Permanent Deformation Behaviour of Unbound Granular Materials in Pavement Constructions written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new simple design approach will be described that utilizes test results from the Repeated Load Triaxial Apparatus to establish the risk level of permanent deformations in the unbound granular layers (UGL) in pavement constructions under consideration of the seasonal effects. From this data a serviceability limit line (plastic shakedown limit) stress boundary for the unbound granular materials (UGM) was defined for different moisture contents. Below this line the material will have stable behavior. The serviceability limit line was applied in a finite-element (FE)-program FENLAP to predict whether or not stable behavior occurs in the UGM. To calculate the stress in the UGL, a nonlinear elastic model (Dresden Model), which is described in the paper, was implemented into the FE-program. The effects of changing moisture content during Spring-thaw period and asphalt temperature on pavement structural response were investigated. Additionally, permanent deformation calculations for the UGL were performed taking the stress history into consideration. The results clearly demonstrate that, for pavement constructions with thick asphalt layers, there is no risk of rutting in the granular base, even at high number of load repetitions. The study showed that the proposed design approach is a very satisfactory simple method to assess the risk against rutting in the UGL, even without the calculation of the exact permanent deformation of the pavement construction.

Download or read book Characterisation of the Deformation Behaviour of Unbound Granular Materials Using Repeated Load Triaxial Testing written by Negin Zhalehjoo and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Unbound Granular Materials (UGMs) are used in the base/subbase layers of flexible pavements for the majority of roads around the world. The deterioration of pavements increases with the increase of traffic loadings. To ensure the long-term performance and serviceability of pavement structures through a realistic design, the precise evaluation and comprehensive characterisation of the resilient and permanent deformation behaviour of pavement materials are essential. The present PhD study aims to investigate the characterisation of the resilient and permanent deformation behaviour of four road base UGMs sourced from quarries in Victoria, Australia, using Repeated Load Triaxial (RLT) testing. The triaxial system used in this study is instrumented with four axial deformation measurement transducers to achieve highly precise measurements and to evaluate the effect of instrumentation on the resilient modulus of UGMs. The resilient Poisson's ratio of the studied UGMs is also determined using a radial Hall-Effect transducer. Moreover, a series of permanent deformation tests is performed to precisely characterise the axial and radial permanent deformation behaviour of UGMs and investigate the factors that may significantly influence the accumulated axial and radial permanent deformations. Finally, three permanent deformation models incorporated with a time-hardening procedure are employed to predict the magnitude of permanent strain for multiple stress levels of the RLT test. The predictions using the employed models are then compared against the measured values to evaluate the suitability of the models and to identify the model that best predicts the strain accumulation behaviour of the tested UGMs. While this study focuses on the resilient and permanent deformation behaviour of four Victorian UGMs under repeated loading, the knowledge generated from this comprehensive investigation will contribute towards the global development of more reliable methods for evaluating the long-term performance of pavement structures and minimising road maintenance and repair costs." -- Abstract.

Download or read book Deformation Characteristics of Granular Materials Subjected to Rapid Repetitive Loading written by Wayne A. Dunlap and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The engineering behavior of soils and aggregates is a function of their basic properties and the environment to which they are subjected. In pavement design the effect of repeated loading is in important environmental condition which has received little attention, especially for granular materials. This report present results showing the influence of repetitive triaxial stressing on the deformation of granular (flexible base course) materials. The materials examined were a) hard rounded material (gravel), b) hard angular material manufactured by crushing oversized pieces of the gravel, and c) a soft crushed limestone. Each material -- except the soft -- was tested at three separate gradations representing the coarse, medium and fine ranges allowed by Texas Highway Department specifications for such materials. The total strain characteristics of the materials were quantitatively related to the applied stresses and number of stress repetitions. It was shown that the behavior under repetitive stresses was not closely related to static shear strengths as determined by the Texas triaxial method. Rebound strains could only be expressed qualitatively. Under repetitive stressing the rounded material, which ranked lowest in static shear tests, was at least equivalent to the angular material for the stress range expected in roadways; both were superior to the soft material. It is believed that the relative densities of the respective materials influenced their behavior more than particle shape or hardness. Finally, recommendations were made for improving equipment and testing procedures which should simplify analysis of results and reduce experimental error in future investigations.

Download or read book Permanent Deformation Behaviour of Flexible Pavements written by Flippie Cornelius Petrus Loots Schutte and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Permanent deformation (rutting) is a pavement distress condition visible in the surfacing layer of a pavement. It occurs along the wheel path and results from the accumulation of load-induced permanent deformation developed from all individual pavement layers, including the subgrade. It is one of the major distress conditions in flexible pavements. Plenty of research regarding permanent deformation in flexible pavements exists, but it is mainly focused on asphalt surface layers and granular base, subbase, and subgrade layers. The South African National Roads Agency Ltd (SANRAL) completed the construction of seven flexible pavement sections on the R104, between the east of Pretoria and Bronkhorstspruit, during 2013. In-situ pavement response and environmental related data have been collected from these test sections ever since on a number of occasions. The seven flexible pavement structures include a natural gravel (G4) base, a high-quality graded crushed stone (G1) base, a Foam Treated Base (FTB), an Emulsion Treated Base (ETB), a Cement Treated Base (CTB), a Bitumen Treated Base (BTB), and a High Modulus Asphalt (HiMA)/Enrobe♯1s A♯3℗ Module Eleve♯1 (EME) base. The permanent deformation behaviour of different flexible pavements relative to each other was investigated by processing, validating, and analysing the relevant in-situ pavement response and environmental related data collected from each of the SANRAL test sections. With the focus on total and base layer deformation, it was found that in terms of a short-term loading response and under normal operating conditions, bituminous pavements show superior performance to cement/bitumen stabilised pavements, while the latter performs better than granular pavements. CTB and ETB pavements are very similar with FTB pavements closely behind. The only granular exceptions are inverted crushed stone pavements, which should closely follow bituminous pavements at the top end of the performance range. For permanent deformation behaviour in terms of a longer-term recovering response, it was found that bituminous pavements tend to recover a larger amount of the permanent deformation attained after load application than granular pavements, probably due to the delayed elasticity (visco-elastic properties) of bituminous materials. The possibility of a transfer function for linking the permanent deformation behaviour of a pavement to its structural integrity was also investigated by determining a representative pavement number for each of the SANRAL test sections. It was found that the permanent deformation behaviour of flexible pavements relates relatively well to their structural integrity as a general decrease in permanent deformation (rut rate) was observed with an increase in pavement number. A negative power function for linking permanent deformation behaviour to structural integrity was proposed (y = 76.657x-0.752, R2 = 0.77). Additionally, it was found that post-compaction trafficking has a significant effect on the permanent deformation behaviour of flexible pavements during the initial stages of their life cycle; temperature variations can have a major influence on the in-situ performance and behaviour of bituminous layers, and the permanent deformation behaviour of flexible pavements correlates positively with the corresponding dynamic response as an increase in permanent deformation (rut rate) was observed with an increase in maximum dynamic deflection (positive linear function, y = 0.0361x - 2.5687, R2 = 0.92).

Download or read book Advances in Unsaturated Soils written by Bernardo Caicedo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-02-01 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New theories and testing techniques related with Unsaturated Soil Mechanics have proven to be valuable tools to study a broad spectrum of geo-materials which includes rocks, rock fills, frozen soils and domiciliary solid wastes. These new theories and testing techniques have permitted the analysis of several traditional problems from a new perspective (e.g., swelling or collapsible soils and compacted soils or pavements materials), and they have also shown their efficiency to study new energy-related problems like CO2 sequestration and nuclear waste disposal. Advances in Unsaturated Soils is a collection of papers from the 1st Pan-American Conference on Unsaturated Soils organized in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, in February 2013. The volume includes 76 research papers coming for all over the world, as well as 7 keynotes papers by well known international researchers. The contributions present a variety of topics including: • Advances in testing techniques • Unsaturated soil behavior • Constitutive modeling and microstructure • Numerical modeling • Geotechnical problems Advances in Unsaturated Soils is expected to become a useful reference to academics and professionals involved in Unsaturated Soil Mechanics.

Download or read book Functional Pavement Design written by Sandra Erkens and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-10-14 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Functional Pavement Design is a collections of 186 papers from 27 different countries, which were presented at the 4th Chinese-European Workshops (CEW) on Functional Pavement Design (Delft, the Netherlands, 29 June-1 July 2016). The focus of the CEW series is on field tests, laboratory test methods and advanced analysis techniques, and cover analysis, material development and production, experimental characterization, design and construction of pavements. The main areas covered by the book include: - Flexible pavements - Pavement and bitumen - Pavement performance and LCCA - Pavement structures - Pavements and environment - Pavements and innovation - Rigid pavements - Safety - Traffic engineering Functional Pavement Design is for contributing to the establishment of a new generation of pavement design methodologies in which rational mechanics principles, advanced constitutive models and advanced material characterization techniques shall constitute the backbone of the design process. The book will be much of interest to professionals and academics in pavement engineering and related disciplines.

Download or read book Resilient Behaviour of Granular Materials for Analysis of Highway Pavements written by Mustafa Karasahin and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: