Download or read book Behavioral Flexibility in the Corticostriatal Network written by Sravani Kondapavulur and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical question in skilled motor control is how brain circuits can flexibly apply learned motor behaviors to novel contexts. Plasticity in the corticostriatal network has been historically been implicated in motor learning across different species. In particular, the motor cortex and striatum are monosynaptically connected structures that play critical roles in early motor learning as well as consolidation of crystallized motor skills. However, when a welllearned skill must adapt to a new context, how does neural activity in these important motor regions support the behavioral transition?This thesis begins by providing a perspective on how motor learning, adaptation, and habit formation have been classically studied, in addition to the current understanding of neural bases for each of these processes. I then outline the implications of motor task selection and behavioral intervention when making conclusions about underlying neural mechanisms. In Chapter 2, I present my work investigating how the corticostriatal network supports transfer learning of a previously acquired complex coordinated upper limb action, demonstrating that relearning in a new context involves partial breakdown of previously crystallized neural activity. I conclude by presenting in Chapter 3 a model for network control of motor flexibility, proposing that cortico-striatal activity reflects dynamic optimization of neural patterns, adapting upstream cognitive contributions and driving existing downstream circuits for movement generation. Finally, I explore the implications of corticostriatal dysfunction in motor diseases.
Download or read book Autism Imaging and Devices written by Manuel F. Casanova and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-01-06 with total page 977 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers state-of-the-art medical image analysis approaches currently pursued in autism research. Chapters cover recent advances in diagnosis using structural neuroimaging. All aspects of imaging are included, such as electrophysiology (EEG, ERP, QEEG, and MEG), postmortem techniques, and advantages and difficulties of depositing/acquiring images in larger databases. The book incorporates 2D, 3D, and 4D imaging and advances scientific research within the broad field of autism imaging.
Download or read book Neuroscience in the 21st Century written by Donald W. Pfaff and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited and authored by a wealth of international experts in neuroscience and related disciplines, this key new resource aims to offer medical students and graduate researchers around the world a comprehensive introduction and overview of modern neuroscience. Neuroscience research is certain to prove a vital element in combating mental illness in its various incarnations, a strategic battleground in the future of medicine, as the prevalence of mental disorders is becoming better understood each year. Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are affected by mental, behavioral, neurological and substance use disorders. The World Health Organization estimated in 2002 that 154 million people globally suffer from depression and 25 million people from schizophrenia; 91 million people are affected by alcohol use disorders and 15 million by drug use disorders. A more recent WHO report shows that 50 million people suffer from epilepsy and 24 million from Alzheimer’s and other dementias. Because neuroscience takes the etiology of disease—the complex interplay between biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors—as its object of inquiry, it is increasingly valuable in understanding an array of medical conditions. A recent report by the United States’ Surgeon General cites several such diseases: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, early-onset depression, autism, attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, anorexia nervosa, and panic disorder, among many others. Not only is this volume a boon to those wishing to understand the future of neuroscience, it also aims to encourage the initiation of neuroscience programs in developing countries, featuring as it does an appendix full of advice on how to develop such programs. With broad coverage of both basic science and clinical issues, comprising around 150 chapters from a diversity of international authors and including complementary video components, Neuroscience in the 21st Century in its second edition serves as a comprehensive resource to students and researchers alike.
Download or read book Increased Inhibition Within Frontal Corticostriatal Networks Underlies Working Memory Impairments in a Mouse Model of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 written by Carrie Shilyansky and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Goal Directed Decision Making written by Richard W. Morris and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-08-23 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Goal-Directed Decision Making: Computations and Neural Circuits examines the role of goal-directed choice. It begins with an examination of the computations performed by associated circuits, but then moves on to in-depth examinations on how goal-directed learning interacts with other forms of choice and response selection. This is the only book that embraces the multidisciplinary nature of this area of decision-making, integrating our knowledge of goal-directed decision-making from basic, computational, clinical, and ethology research into a single resource that is invaluable for neuroscientists, psychologists and computer scientists alike. The book presents discussions on the broader field of decision-making and how it has expanded to incorporate ideas related to flexible behaviors, such as cognitive control, economic choice, and Bayesian inference, as well as the influences that motivation, context and cues have on behavior and decision-making. - Details the neural circuits functionally involved in goal-directed decision-making and the computations these circuits perform - Discusses changes in goal-directed decision-making spurred by development and disorders, and within real-world applications, including social contexts and addiction - Synthesizes neuroscience, psychology and computer science research to offer a unique perspective on the central and emerging issues in goal-directed decision-making
Download or read book Impulsivity and Compulsivity written by John M. Oldham and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 1996 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, impulsive and compulsive behaviors have been categorized as fundamentally distinct. However, patients often exhibit both of these behaviors. This common comorbidity has sparked renewed interest in the factors contributing to the disorders in which these behaviors are prominent. Impulsivity and Compulsivity applies a provocative spectrum model to this psychopathology. The spectrum model is consistent with a dimensional model for psychopathology and considers the dynamic interaction of biopsychosocial forces in the development of impulsive and compulsive disorders. In this important work on impulsive/compulsive psychopathology, leading researchers and clinicians share their expertise on the phenomenological, biological, psychodynamic, and treatment aspects of these disorders. Differential diagnosis, comorbidity of the impulsive-compulsive spectrum of disorders, and assessment by the seven-factor model of temperament and character are discussed. Chapters are also dedicated to the antianxiety function of impulsivity and compulsivity, defense mechanisms in impulsive disorders versus obsessive-compulsive disorders, and the unique aspects of psychotherapy with impulsive and compulsive patients. Clinical researchers and clinicians will be enlightened by this exceptional work. The information provided is supplemented with clinical vignettes, and the final chapter provides a synthetic summary that offers a unified, dynamic approach to impulsive and compulsive behavior.
Download or read book What does Medial Frontal Cortex Signal During Behavior Insights from Behavioral Neurophysiology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-03-28 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What does Medial Frontal Cortex Signal During Behavior? Insights from Behavioral Neurophysiology, Volume 158 addresses and highlights a question that has remained central to cognitive and systems neuroscience since its inception, namely, what does the medial frontal cortex do? With insights from 17 of the fields leading teams of scientists, this volume attempts to address this question covering several topics with chapters including What do single unit responses in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex mean?, Social Processing by the Primate Medial Frontal Cortex, Medial frontal cortex and the temporal control of action, The midcingulate cortex and temporal integration, and more. Additional chapters cover The anterior cingulate cortex and event-based modulation of autonomic states, Integration of value and action in medial prefrontal neural systems, Secondary motor cortex: broadcasting and biasing animal’s decisions through long-range circuits, The prefrontal cortex in social cognition, Representing task strategies in the medial prefrontal cortex, Prefrontal contributions to action control in rodents, From affective to cognitive processings: functional organization of the medial frontal cortex, and much more. Comprises the perspectives of a diverse array of world-leading researchers in medial frontal cortex function Provides the latest theoretical and data-based evidence for the function of medial frontal cortex Presents the importance of systems-based neuroscience approaches to the understanding of medial frontal cortex function
Download or read book Neural Circuitry of Behavioral Flexibility Dopamine and Related Systems written by Gregory B. Bissonette and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-03-22 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decades of research have identified a role for dopamine neurotransmission in prefrontal cortical function and flexible cognition. Abnormal dopamine neurotransmission underlies many cases of cognitive dysfunction. New techniques using optogenetics have allowed for ever more precise functional segregation of areas within the prefrontal cortex, which underlie separate cognitive functions. Learning theory predictions have provided a very useful framework for interpreting the neural activity of dopamine neurons, yet even dopamine neurons present a range of responses, from salience to prediction error signaling. The functions of areas like the Lateral Habenula have been recently described, and its role, presumed to be substantial, is largely unknown. Many other neural systems interact with the dopamine system, like cortical GABAergic interneurons, making it critical to understand those systems and their interactions with dopamine in order to fully appreciate dopamine•s role in flexible behavior. Advances in human clinical research, like exome sequencing, are driving experimental hypotheses which will lead to fruitful new research directions, but how do (or should?) these clinical findings inform basic research? Following new information from these techniques, we may begin to develop a fresh understanding of human disease states which will inform novel treatment possibilities. However, we need an operational framework with which to interpret these new findings. Therefore, the purpose of this Research Topic is to integrate what we know of dopamine, the prefrontal cortex and flexible behavior into a clear framework, which will illuminate clear, testable directions for future research.
Download or read book Sleep and Brain Plasticity written by Pierre Maquet and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sleep has long been a topic of fascination for artists and scientists. Why do we sleep? What function does sleep serve? Why do we dream? What significance can we attach to our dreams? We spend so much of our lives sleeping, yet its precise function is unclear, in spite of our increasing understanding of the processes generating and maintaining sleep. We now know that sleep can be accompanied by periods of intense cerebral activity, yet only recently has experimental data started to provide us with soem insights into the type of processing taking place in the brain as we sleep. There is now strong evidence that sleep plays a crucial role in learning and in the consolidation of memories. Once the preserve of psychoanalysts, 'dreaming' is now a topic of increasing interest amongst scientists. With research into sleep growing, this volume is both timely and valuable in presenting a unique study of the relationship between sleep, learning, and memory. It brings together a team of international scientists researching sleep in both human and animal subjects. Aimed at researchers within the fields of neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience, psychiatry, and neurology, this book will be an important first step in developing a full scientific understanding of one of our most intriguing human characteristics.
Download or read book Neurobiology of Interval Timing written by Hugo Merchant and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-30 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of how the brain processes temporal information is becoming one of the most important topics in systems, cellular, computational, and cognitive neuroscience, as well as in the physiological bases of music and language. During the last and current decade, interval timing has been intensively studied in humans and animals using increasingly sophisticated methodological approaches. The present book will bring together the latest information gathered from this exciting area of research, putting special emphasis on the neural underpinnings of time processing in behaving human and non-human primates. Thus, Neurobiology of Interval Timing will integrate for the first time the current knowledge of both animal behavior and human cognition of the passage of time in different behavioral context, including the perception and production of time intervals, as well as rhythmic activities, using different experimental and theoretical frameworks. The book will the composed of chapters written by the leading experts in the fields of psychophysics, functional imaging, system neurophysiology, and musicology. This cutting-edge scientific work will integrate the current knowledge of the neurobiology of timing behavior putting in perspective the current hypothesis of how the brain quantifies the passage of time across a wide variety of critical behaviors.
Download or read book The Basal Ganglia VIII written by International Basal Ganglia Society. Symposium and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-21 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the International Meetings of the Basal Ganglia Society (IBAGS) is to provide a unique environment for the open presentation and discussion of new and challenging information about the basal ganglia as it relates to health and disease, covering all areas of basic science and research. Specific topics of the proceedings of this Eighth International Triennial Meeting of the Basal Ganglia Society include behavior, circuitry, functional imaging, modelling, movement disorders, neuropathology, neurotransmitters, pharmacology, physiology, plasticity, treatments for basal ganglia disorders, ventral systems, health and disease, immunology and basal ganglia, and much more.
Download or read book Microcircuits written by Sten Grillner and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading neuroscientists discuss the function of microcircuits, functional modules that act as elementary processing units bridging single cells to systems and behavior. Microcircuits, functional modules that act as elementary processing units bridging single cells to systems and behavior, could provide the link between neurons and global brain function. Microcircuits are designed to serve particular functions; examples of these functional modules include the cortical columns in sensory cortici, glomeruli in the olfactory systems of insects and vertebrates, and networks generating different aspects of motor behavior. In this Dahlem Workshop volume, leading neuroscientists discuss how microcircuits work to bridge the single cell and systems levels and compare the intrinsic function of microcircuits with their ion channel subtypes, connectivity, and receptors, in order to understand the design principles and function of the microcircuits. The chapters cover the four major areas of microcircuit research: motor systems, including locomotion, respiration, and the saccadic eye movements; the striatum, the largest input station of the basal ganglia; olfactory systems and the neural organization of the glomeruli; and the neocortex. Each chapter is followed by a group report, a collaborative discussion among senior scientists. Contributors Lidia Alonso-Nanclares, Hagai Bergman, Maria Blatow, J. Paul Bolam, Ansgar Büschges, Antonio Caputi, Jean-Pierre Changeux, Javier DeFelipe, Carsten Duch, Paul Feinstein, Stuart Firestein, Yves Frégnac, Rainer W. Friedrich, C. Giovanni Galizia, Ann M. Graybiel, Charles A. Greer, Sten Grillner, Tadashi Isa, Ole Kiehn, Minoru Kimura, Anders Lanser, Gilles Laurent, Pierre-Marie Lledo, Wolfgang Maass, Henry Markram, David A. McCormick, Christoph M. Michel, Peter Mombaerts, Hannah Monyer, Hans-Joachim Pflüger, Dietmar Plenz, Diethelm W. Richter, Silke Sachse, H. Sebastian Seung, Keith T. Sillar, Jeffrey C. Smith, David L. Sparks, D. James Surmeier, Eörs Szathmáry, James M. Tepper, Jeff R. Wickens, Rafael Yuste
Download or read book Circuit Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Sabine Liebscher and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-12-18 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Download or read book The Integrative Functions of The Basal Ganglia written by Henry Yin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-11-03 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the first comprehensive and single-authored book on the functions of the basal ganglia. The goal is to provide a new synthesis of diverse areas of research on the basal ganglia, from cellular mechanisms of synaptic transmission and plasticity to neural circuit mechanisms underlying behavior. A global theory of basal ganglia function incorporating research from the last 40 years is presented. I hope to explain for the first time how the basal ganglia generate behavior, how they contribute to learning and memory, and how impairments in basal ganglia function can lead to neurological and psychiatric disorders. Features The only single-authored book on the basal ganglia with coverage of the latest literature Spans multiple levels of analysis, from cellular physiology to behavior Includes coverage of clinical symptoms, encompassing neuropsychology, movement disorders, and psychiatric disorders Discusses the role of the basal ganglia in learning and memory
Download or read book Basic Neurosciences with Clinical Applications written by Eduardo E. Benarroch and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 1110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This single-author book covers basic aspects of neuroscience, including concepts of molecular biology, neurochemistry, and electrophysiology, and makes direct clinical correlations in a concise and coherent manner. This concise, coherent text provides a link between basic science and clinical correlations.Readers will benefit from the author's expertise as an academic clinical neurologist.This text provides a concise review of basic neuroscience concepts that are included in several qualifying examinations, including the National Boards.
Download or read book The Neurobiology of the Prefrontal Cortex written by Richard E. Passingham and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-07-12 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prefrontal cortex makes up almost a quarter of the human brain. The Neurobiology of the Prefrontal Cortex presents a new theory about its fundamental function. Written by two leading brain scientists, it is an important contribution to our understanding of the evolution and functioning of the human brain.
Download or read book Perspectives and Recent Advances in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Research written by Hermes H. Yeh and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-01-03 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
