Download or read book Behavioral Characteristics of Neonate European Corn Borer Ostrinia Nubilalis on Bt Corn written by Janine Razze and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), is an economically important insect pest of corn in the US and Canada. The development of genetically modified corn expressing genes derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) that encodes insecticidal crystalline (Cry) proteins has proven to be effective in controlling this insect. The purpose of this study was to assess dispersal and feeding behavior of neonate ECB on Bt corn. I examined differences in neonate ECB dispersal behavior for the first four hours following eclosion in the field among stacked pyramid (DAS 59122-7 x TC1507 x MON810) Bt corn, non-Bt near isoline, and non-Bt sweet corn; and in the laboratory among Bt corn hybrids TC1507, MON810, a pyramid combining TC1507 and MON810, and non-Bt near isoline corn. I also examined differences in feeding behavior between MON810 Bt corn and non-Bt near isoline corn for four intervals over a 48-hour period. In field experiments, I found that dispersal was significantly higher on non-Bt near isoline and Bt corn when compared to sweet corn. In laboratory experiments, dispersal was significantly higher on MON810 and stacked pyramid Bt corn than on non-Bt near isoline corn. Finally, feeding experiments suggested that there was a significant difference in feeding behavior between MON810 Bt corn and non-Bt near isoline corn. The findings from the feeding experiment also suggested that more than 50% of the larvae abandoned the plant before there was evidence of feeding for both Bt and non-Bt corn. Results indicated that a mixed refuge method could prove to be an effective solution for managing ECB resistance on Bt corn. However, additional research needs to be conducted on ECB larval movement between Bt and non-Bt corn to fully assess the efficacy of the mixed refuge strategy.
Download or read book Dispersal Behavior of Neonate European Corn Borer Ostrinia Nubilalis on Transgenic Bt Corn written by Jessica Ann Goldstein and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most Lepidoptera disperse as adults, but in some groups the larvae disperse as well. Larval dispersal takes the form of ballooning; larvae use silk to hang off of plant surfaces and some get picked up by the wind. The longer the silk length, the greater the drag and the more likely the larva is to get picked up by the wind and the farther the larva will travel. The European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis, has been observed ballooning and is currently the target of a large control effort using transgenic Bt corn. I examined the differences between ECB larval dispersal on Pioneer 34K78 Mon 810 event Bt corn and Pioneer 34K77 non-Bt isoline corn. I tested plant abandonment, larval dispersal in artificial plots and ECB silking behavior. My results suggest that ECB larvae that hatch on a Bt corn plant abandon that plant with a higher frequency than ECB larvae that hatch on a non Bt corn plant and that ECB larvae are capable of reaching neighboring corn plants by ballooning. This dispersal behavior may play a significant role in resistance management, particularly in the spacing of non-Bt refuges. These experiments help us to better understand ECB neonate behavior and may apply to other insects under Bt selection pressure.
Download or read book Feeding Preferences of Neonatal European Corn Borer Ostrinia Nubilalis for Non corn Hosts written by Colothdian Deavonder Tate and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pennsylvania smartweed, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail were a few of the plants that were highly attractive to 0. nubilalis neonates in the 1997 trials. Again corn was one of the least preferred plants in 1997. Velvetleaf and giant foxtail had the highest and lowest concentration of nitrogen respectively. Neonate acceptance of giant foxtail and velvetleaf tended to decrease as the plants matured. These results have implications for 0. nubilalis evolution and for 0. nubilalis resistance-management refuge plants.
Download or read book Laboratory and Field Ovipositional Behavior of European Corn Borer Ostrinia Nubilalis H bner Females in the Presence of Neem a Natural Botanical and an Emulsifier written by Melissa Elizabeth Ferguson and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Insect Resistance Management written by David W. Onstad and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-08 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neither pest management nor resistance management can occur with only an understanding of pest biology. For years, entomologists have understood, with their use of economic thresholds, that at least a minimal use of economics was necessary for proper integrated pest management. IRM is even more complicated and dependent on understanding and using socioeconomic factors. The new edition of Insect Resistance Management addresses these issues and much more. Many new ideas, facts and case studies have been developed since the previous edition of Insect Resistance Management published. With a new chapter focusing on Resistance Mechanisms Related to Plant-incorporated Toxins and heavily expanded revisions of several existing chapters, this new volume will be an invaluable resource for IRM researchers, practitioners, professors and advanced students. Authors in this edition include professors at major universities, leaders in the chemical and seed industry, evolutionary biologists and active IRM practitioners. This revision also contains more information about IRM outside North America, and a modeling chapter contains a large new section on uncertainty analysis, a subject recently emphasized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The final chapter contains a section on insecticidal seed treatments. No other book has the breadth of coverage of Insect Resistance Management, 2e. It not only covers molecular to economic issues, but also transgenic crops, seed treatments and other pest management tactics such as crop rotation. Major themes continuing from the first edition include the importance of using IRM in the integrated pest management paradigm, the need to study and account for pest behavior, and the influence of human behavior and decision making in IRM. Provides insights from the history of insect resistance management (IRM) to the latest science Includes contributions from experts on ecological aspects of IRM, molecular and population genetics, economics, and IRM social issues Offers biochemistry and molecular genetics of insecticides presented with an emphasis on recent research Encourages scientists and stakeholders to implement and coordinate strategies based on local social conditions
Download or read book Integration of Insect Resistant Genetically Modified Crops within IPM Programs written by Jörg Romeis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-01 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insect pests remain one of the main constraints to food and fiber production worldwide despite farmers deploying a range of techniques to protect their crops. Modern pest control is guided by the principles of integrated pest management (IPM) with pest resistant germplasm being an important part of the foundation. Since 1996, when the first genetically modified (GM) insect-resistant maize variety was commercialized in the USA, the area planted to insect-resistant GM varieties has grown dramatically, representing the fastest adoption rate of any agricultural technology in human history. The goal of our book is to provide an overview on the role insect-resistant GM plants play in different crop systems worldwide. We hope that the book will contribute to a more rational debate about the role GM crops can play in IPM for food and fiber production.
Download or read book Regulation of Agricultural Biotechnology The United States and Canada written by Chris A. Wozniak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-29 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written in a practical, didactic format designed to deliver point-of-care information to practitioners of cardiology as well as assist non-cardiologists with the efficient management of cardiac disease, this highly illustrated manual is an essential reference.
Download or read book Genetics Evolution and Biological Control written by Lester E. Ehler and published by CABI. This book was released on 2003-12-03 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation. This book has been developed from the keynote addresses delivered at the third IOBC International Symposium (co-organized with CILBA) that was held in Montpellier in October 2002, to address recent developments in genetics and evolutionary biology as applied to biological control. Chapters are organized around the following themes: Genetic structure of pest and natural enemy populations Molecular diagnostic tools in biological control Tracing the origin of pests and natural enemies Predicting evolutionary change in pests and natural enemies Compatibility of transgenic crops and natural enemies Genetic manipulation of natural enemies. The authors identify new issues for each of the major approaches in applied biological control. These include the (1) use of molecular genetics to trace the origin of target pests in classical biological control, (2) potential of mass-reared, transgenic agents in augmentative biological control, and (3) compatibility of transgenic crops and natural enemies in conservational biological control.
Download or read book Interactions of Plant Resistance and Parasitoids and Predators of Insects written by David J. Boethel and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Host Plants of the European Corn Borer in New England written by Benjamin E. Hodgson and published by . This book was released on 1928 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetically Engineered Crops written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-01-28 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.
Download or read book The Western Corn Rootworm written by Francis Marion Webster and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The European Corn Borer written by John J. Davis and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Climate change Unpacking the burden on food safety written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2020-03-01 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is causing unprecedented damage to our ecosystem. Increasing temperatures, ocean warming and acidification, severe droughts, wildfires, altered precipitation patterns, melting glaciers, rising sea levels and amplification of extreme weather events have direct implications for our food systems. While the impacts of such environmental factors on food security are well known, the effects on food safety receive less attention. The purpose of Climate change: Unpacking the burden on food safety is to identify and attempt to quantify some current and anticipated food safety issues that are associated with climate change. The food safety hazards considered in the publication are foodborne pathogens and parasites, harmful algal blooms, pesticides, mycotoxins and heavy metals with emphasis on methylmercury. There is also, a dedicated section on the benefits of forward-looking approaches such as horizon scanning and foresight, which will not only aid in anticipating future challenges in a shifting global food safety landscape, but also help build resilient food systems that can be continually updated as more knowledge is assimilated. By building a more widespread and better understanding of the consequences climate change has on food safety, it is hoped that this document will aid in fostering stronger international cooperation in making our food safer by reducing the global burden of these concerns.
Download or read book Ecology of Invertebrate Diseases written by Ann E. Hajek and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 691 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A rapidly growing interdisciplinary field, disease ecology merges key ideas from ecology, medicine, genetics, immunology, and epidemiology to study how hosts and pathogens interact in populations, communities, and entire ecosystems. Bringing together contributions from leading international experts on the ecology of diseases among invertebrate species, this book provides a comprehensive assessment of the current state of the field. Beginning with an introductory overview of general principles and methodologies, the book continues with in-depth discussions of a range of critical issues concerning invertebrate disease epidemiology, molecular biology, vectors, and pathogens. Topics covered in detail include: Methods for studying the ecology of invertebrate diseases and pathogens Invertebrate pathogen ecology and the ecology of pathogen groups Applied ecology of invertebrate pathogens Leveraging the ecology of invertebrate pathogens in microbial control Prevention and management of infectious diseases of aquatic invertebrates Ecology of Invertebrate Diseases is a necessary and long overdue addition to the world literature on this vitally important subject. This volume belongs on the reference shelves of all those involved in the environmental sciences, genetics, microbiology, marine biology, immunology, epidemiology, fisheries and wildlife science, and related disciplines.
Download or read book Biological Control Measures of Success written by G. Gurr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As well as examining successful biological control programmes this book analyses why the majority of attempts fail. Off-target and other negative effects of biological control are also dealt with. Chapters contributed by leading international researchers and practitioners in all areas of biological control afford the book a breadth of coverage and depth of analysis not possible with a single author volume. Combined with the use of other experts to review chapters and editorial oversight to ensure thematic integrity of the volume, this book provides the most authoritative analysis of biological control published. Key aspects addressed include how success may be measured, how successful biological control has been to date and how may it be made more successful in the future. With extensive use of contemporary examples, photographs, figures and tables this book will be invaluable to advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as being a `must' for all involved in making biological control successful.
Download or read book Insect Pests of Millets written by A. Kalaisekar and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-12-23 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insect Pests of Millets: Systematics, Bionomics, and Management focuses on protecting the cultivated cereals that many worldwide populations depend on for food across the semi-arid tropics of the world. Providing coverage of all the major cultivated millets, including sorghum, pearlmillet, finger millet, barnyard millet, prosomillet, little millet, kodomillet, and foxtail millet, this comprehensive book on insect pests is the first of its kind that explores systematics, bionomics, distribution, damage, host range, biology, monitoring techniques, and management options, all accompanied by useful illustrations and color plates. By exploring the novel aspects of Insect-plant relationships, including host signaling orientation, host specialization, pest – host evolutionary relationship, and biogeography of insects and host plants, the book presents the latest ecologically sound and innovative techniques in insect pest management from a general overview of pest management to new biotechnological interventions. Includes the most comprehensive and relevant aspects of insect systematics, including synonyms, nomenclatural history, and identification characters to quickly guide readers to desired information Addresses aspects of insect-plant relationships, including host signaling and orientation, host specialization, pest – host evolutionary relationship, and biogeography of insects and host plant Presents the latest research findings related to the ecological, behavioral, and physiological aspects of millet pests
