Download or read book Behavioral and Contextual Factors Shaping HIV Risk Environments Among People who Inject Drugs in Tijuana Mexico written by Jennifer Payaal Jain and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Tijuana, Mexico is 22 times higher than that among the general population. Among PWID, HIV transmission is shaped by factors in the physical, social, economic and policy risk environments. This dissertation explored factors associated with incident HIV infections sex differences in HIV-related risk factors and their potential underlying mechanisms among PWID in Tijuana, Mexico. Methods: Data were drawn from a prospective cohort study of PWID in Tijuana, (N=651) chapters 2 and 3, and (N=734) chapter 4. Chapter 2 assesses sex work as a mediator in the association between female sex and elevated HIV incidence using modern mediational analyses. Chapter 3 identifies factors associated with time to HIV seroconversion using Cox regression and assesses the robustness of these associations using novel sensitivity analyses. Chapter 4 explores sex differences in the environmental and psychological correlates of injection risk, using generalized linear regression. Results: Chapter 2 demonstrates that HIV incidence is significantly higher among female PWID (1.75 per 100 person years [PY], 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2- 2.7, vs. 0.95 per 100 PY, 95% CI=0.6-1.4), and that sex work mediates the association between female sex and HIV incidence (proportion mediated=86.0%, p=0.01). Chapter 3 highlights sex work (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]=2.20, 95% CI=1.03-4.68); methamphetamine injection (aHR=2.13, 95% CI=1.04-4.35); and methamphetamine and heroin co-injection (aHR=2.09, 95% CI=1.13-3.85) as drivers of HIV seroconversion, and shows that these associations are relatively robust to unmeasured confounding. In chapter 4 among both sexes, using syringes from a safe source, and safe injection self-efficacy were associated with lower injection risk (b=0.87, 95% CI=0.82-0.94, and b=0.80, 95% CI=0.76-0.84, respectively). Among females, incarceration (b=1.22, 95% CI=1.09-1.36) and syringe confiscation (b=1.16, 95% CI=1.01-1.33) were associated with elevated injection risk, whereas, among males sex work (b=1.16, 95% CI=1.04-1.30), and polysubstance use (b=1.22, 95% CI=1.13-1.31) were associated with elevated injection risk. Conclusions: Interventions should be sex-specific, incorporate sexual risk reduction, consider drug use behaviors, and address environmental influences of HIV risk among PWID in Tijuana.
Download or read book Drugs Germs Justice written by Pieter Baker and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Interactions with police shape the HIV risk environment for people who inject drugs (PWID) by driving risky injection behaviors and harm reduction service avoidance. The SHIELD (Safety and Health Integration in the Enforcement of Laws on Drugs) police training in Tijuana, Mexico, is an intervention to improve PWID health by modifying police behavior. This dissertation 1) explores the global body of peer-reviewed literature on police practices and HIV risk among PWID and 2) examines police knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors relevant to PWID health in the context of the SHIELD training. Methods: Chapter 2 constitutes a systematic review of published research with quantitative associations between police practices and HIV and/or risky injection behaviors among PWID (n=8,201 abstracts, 175 manuscripts). Chapter 2 applies longitudinal logistic regression to examine the association between police knowledge of syringe possession law and extrajudicial arrests for syringe possession over 24 months following the SHIELD training in Tijuana (n=693). Chapter 3 uses log-binomial regression to identify police attitudes associated with support for officer-led referrals to drug treatment and syringe service programs (n=305). Results: Chapter 2 identified 27 studies with data on police practices and risk of HIV infection among PWID (n=5), risky injection behaviors (n=21) and harm reduction service avoidance (n=9) from diverse global settings. Chapter 3 establishes that training with the SHIELD model can police improve knowledge of syringe law and reduce self-reported extrajudicial arrests for syringe possession up to 24 months following the training (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]:0.87,95% confidence interval [CI]:0.85,0.90). Officers with correct knowledge of syringe possession law were 37% less likely to arrest PWID for syringe possession (AOR:0.63,CI:0.44,0.89), after controlling for sex and patrol assignment location. Chapter 4 showed that officer-held beliefs that MMT programs reduce criminal activity and SSPs increase the risk of NSI among police were significantly associated with support for officer-led referrals to drug treatment (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio [APR]=4.66,CI=2.05,9.18) and SSPs (APR=0.44,CI=0.27,0.71), respectively. Conclusions: Together, these findings highlight the deleterious role that drug law enforcement practices have on the HIV risk environment for PWID and sheds light on interventions to align police behavior with public health priorities.
Download or read book Polydrug Use and Risk of HIV and Overdose Among People who Inject Drugs in San Diego California and Tijuana Baja California Mexico written by Meredith Meacham and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Patterns of polydrug use among people who inject drugs (PWID) may be differentially associated with overdose as well as with unique risk factors for HIV transmission. Objective: Examine patterns of polydrug use among PWID in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico, and San Diego, California and the relationship of these patterns to HIV risk behavior and overdose. Methods: These analyses use data from two prospective cohort studies of PWID in San Diego (N=576) (Chapter 2) and Tijuana (N=735) (Chapters 2-4). Chapter 2 assesses prevalence and correlates of methamphetamine and heroin co-injection in a binational sample of PWID from both San Diego and Tijuana using logistic regression. Chapter 3 applies latent class analysis to identify classes of polydrug use and multinomial logistic regression to determine associations with HIV risk behaviors and overdose among PWID in Tijuana. Chapter 4 applies latent transition analysis to describe dynamic statuses of polydrug use at baseline and 6 month follow up, determine probabilities of transitioning between statuses, and examine whether these probabilities are modified by self-report needed for help for drug use. Results: Chapter 2 findings show that prevalence of heroin and methamphetamine co-injection in the past 6 months was 39.9% overall, was higher in Tijuana (55.8%) than in San Diego (19.8%), and was significantly associated with HIV injection risk behavior in both locations and associated with overdose only in San Diego. Chapter 3 findings show that PWID in Tijuana exhibited 5 distinct patterns of substance use behaviors. Compared to primarily heroin injectors, polydrug and polyroute class membership was associated with HIV injection and sexual risk behaviors. Chapter 4 findings showed that over a third (39.1%) of PWID in Tijuana transitioned to a different subgroup of heroin and methamphetamine polydrug use over 6 months. Those who reported greater need for help for drug use were more likely to transition to subgroups characterized by greater polydrug and polyroute use 6 months later. Conclusions: Findings highlight the heterogeneity in substance use patterns among PWID in Tijuana and San Diego and demonstrate that polydrug and polyroute users are a high-risk subgroup who may require more tailored prevention and treatment interventions.
Download or read book Correlates of Perceived Risk of HIV Among Injection Drug Users in Tijuana Baja California Mexico written by Richard F. Armenta and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objective: The prevalence of injection drug use in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico is one of the highest in Mexico. The objective of this study was to identify correlates of perceived HIV risk among injection drugs users (IDUs) in Tijuana. Methods: IDUs[greater than or equal to] 18 years of age who had injected drugs in the past six months were recruited using respondent driven sampling (RDS) from 2006-2007 and underwent interviews and testing for HIV, syphilis and tuberculosis. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression with RDS adjustment was used to determine correlates of perceived HIV risk. Results: Of 1015 IDUs, 54.6% perceived themselves to be more likely to become HIV-infected relative to other IDUs in Tijuana, whereas 45.4% perceived themselves to be as likely or less likely to become HIV-infected. Factors independently associated with high perceived risk of HIV infection included: having health insurance (OR = 3.63, 95% CI: 1.83, 7.17), being homeless (OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.26,4.76), ever being deported from the US (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.49, 3.82), using a syringe to divide drugs at least half the time (OR = 6.30, 95% CI: 2.12, 18.66), never or only sometimes using a new/sterile syringe to inject drugs (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.61, 3.81), injecting drugs [greater than or equal to] 4 days a week (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.20, 3.80), not having sex in the past six months (OR = 3.41, 95% CI: 1.91, 6.09), never having had a prior HIV test (OR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.60, 4.10), receiving something in exchange for sex in the past six months (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.08, 4.96), and ever having had sex with an HIV-positive person (OR = 8.59, 95% CI: 3.13, 23.55). Conclusions: Findings suggest that the majority of IDUs in Tijuana recognize that they are at risk of HIV infection, and this recognition is associated with both high-risk behaviors and markers of vulnerability such as homelessness and deportation from the United States. The findings support efforts to encourage those who recognize their risk to adopt healthier behaviors. Such efforts should include the promotion of HIV testing and access to health care for this highly vulnerable population, coupled with free access to sterile syringes and drug abuse treatment which have been shown to reduce the risk of blood-borne infections.
Download or read book Behaviours Networks and Sequences written by Laura Hilary Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The estimated overall HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Pakistan is 21%, with significant geographic heterogeneity. This study explored whether disparate types of evidence about HIV epidemics among PWID in five different cities across Pakistan may be triangulated using a social ecological framework to achieve new insights into what is shaping local epidemics. Evidence that capture HIV risk factors at the level of the 1) characteristics and behaviours of PWID, 2) social organization of PWID, and 3) broader macrosocial context was included. Questionnaire data and dried blood spots were collected from 1,439 PWID in 2014/2015. HIV testing and sequencing of the HIV pol gene was conducted. Networks connecting participants who had named the same injection locations were constructed. Network-level exposures, k-core, and degree centrality were calculated, and dot density maps of injection locations were generated. Phylogenetic data derived from HIV sequences were used to identify molecular clusters. Demographic, behavioural, and network variables were tested for associations with HIV infection. In Hyderabad, use of professional injectors, network position, and network exposures to others who use professional injectors were associated with HIV. In Karachi, injecting at places with a greater proportion of other people who were HIV positive was associated with HIV. In Larkana, injection by a professional injector was protective against HIV, and it is believed that HIV prevention programs may have engaged professional injectors in this city. In the highly dense network context of Peshawar, with scarce HIV prevention services, molecular results revealed a large cluster of 52 individuals who likely became infected just prior to sampling. Although the HIV prevalence among PWID was relatively low in Quetta, use of a professional injector was common and being connected to a network component with a large proportion of other people who received help injecting was associated with HIV infection. The results of this study indicated that generally high levels of risk behaviours and poor access to HIV prevention programs. Local network structures and the practices of professional injectors within networks influence individual risk and shape HIV epidemics locally. The configuration and relevance of city-specific factors were likely highly influenced by the local social economic and security environments.
Download or read book Perception of HIV Risk and Correlates of Travel and Drug Use in Mexico written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Injection drug users (IDUs) are a difficult population study due to the unique social and environmental factors that affect their risk of disease infection and health outcomes. Studies have shown that injection drug users are highly mobile, which is a behavior that could put them at an increased risk for transmission of blood-borne infections and in particular, HIV. However, there is a disparity between the actual risk of transmission and the perceived risk indicating that although IDUs may be more susceptible to being infected with HIV, they may not perceive that they are more susceptible to infection. To date, there are no studies that specifically examine the effects of travel to and injection of illicit drugs in Mexico to perception of risk in the San Diego-Tijuana border region. Furthermore, studies that have been done on risk perception and mobility in other locations are not readily applicable to this population. This investigation attempts to analyze how the risk factors, travel to and injection of illicit drugs in Mexico, affect one's perceived susceptibility to HIV. This health outcome was selected on the basis of the Health Belief Model, which suggests that those who perceive a risk to a disease or condition will be more likely to change risky behaviors, thereby preventing their infection and transmission of that disease. Data from this analysis was gathered from the Study to Assess Hepatitis C Risk (STAHR), which was conducted from March 2009 to June 2010 under the Division of Global Public Health at the University of California, San Diego. Five hundred and sixty-six injection drug users aged 18-40 years old were recruited to participate in this study which also examined socio-demographic variables, injection and sexual factors that could influence behavior. Findings from this study suggest that travel and injection of illicit drugs in Mexico does not result in an increased perception of HIV risk however further studies should be performed on this topic that also incorporate social and environmental factors.
Download or read book HIV related Sexual Behaviors Drugs and Violence Among High Risk Populations in Baja California Mexico written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background : In Baja California, Mexico, high risk populations of male clients of female sex workers (FSWs) are at risk for acquiring HIV and experiencing harms related to substance use, while residents of rural communities are susceptible to the harms of drug-related gang violence. Nevertheless, factors related to HIV-related risk behavior, drug use, and gang violence remain under-studied in these vulnerable populations. Aims : The aims of this dissertation were : (1) to examine two methods of measuring unprotected sex among male clients of female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico; (2) to examine the correlates of self-efficacy for condom use among male clients of female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico; and (3) to examine the association between drug-scene familiarity and exposure to gang violence among residents in a rural farming community in Baja California, Mexico. Methods : In Chapter 2, 394 male clients of FSWs in Tijuana, Mexico were interviewed, and the results of measuring unprotected sex using dichotomous and count dependent variable approaches were compared. Chapter 3 examined quantitative survey data from Tijuana to identify socio-cognitive factors associated with self efficacy for condom use among 393 male clients. In Chapter 4, 169 residents in a small, rural community in Baja California completed surveys collecting information on drugs and gang violence. Results : In Chapter 2, the results of modeling the two analytic approaches measuring unprotected sex among male clients of FSWs showed that each approach identified several unique correlates that were not identified by the other. Chapter 3 identified psychosocial and psychosexual factors that may influence self-efficacy for condom use among male clients of FSWs. Chapter 4 found that exposure to gang violence was common and was associated with drug scene familiarity, suggesting a close relationship between drugs and gang violence in this community. Conclusions : Results from these preliminary analyses have important implications for the development of interventions to increase self-efficacy for condom use in order to influence safer sex among male clients of FSWs in Tijuana, and for interventions to prevent drug- and violence-related harms in rural communities in Baja California.
Download or read book Love and Risk written by Jennifer L. Syvertsen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines the influence of love and other emotions on sexual and drug-related HIV risk among female sex workers who inject drugs and their intimate, non-commercial partners in Tijuana, Mexico. My work on a public health study along the Mexico-U.S. border and independent ethnographic research in Tijuana suggests the importance of emotions in shaping sex workers' relationships and health risks. Love is a universal human emotional experience embodied within broader cultural, social, and economic contexts. A growing body of cross-cultural research suggests that modern relationships have transformed to emphasize love and emotional intimacy over moral or kinship obligations. Particularly in contexts of risk and uncertainty, intimate relationships provide emotional security. Drug-using couples may engage in unprotected sex or even needle sharing to convey notions of love and trust and help sustain emotional unity, but such acts also place partners at heightened risk for HIV. For female sex workers in Tijuana who endure poverty, marginality, and an increased risk of contracting HIV, establishing and maintaining emotional bonds with intimate partners may be of paramount importance. Yet little is known about how female sex workers' intimate male partners shape their HIV risk perceptions and practices. Moreover, male partners' perspectives are critically absent in HIV prevention strategies. This dissertation is nested within Proyecto Parejas, a study of the social context and epidemiology of HIV among sex workers and their non-commercial male partners in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. Through semi-structured and ethnographic interviews, photo elicitation interviews, and participant observation, I got to know seven of the couples in Tijuana who are enrolled in Parejas.
Download or read book Risk Environments and HIV written by Taigy Tamia Thomas and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Preventing HIV Transmission written by National Research Council and Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-09-14 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses the interface of two major national problems: the epidemic of HIV-AIDS and the widespread use of illegal injection drugs. Should communities have the option of giving drug users sterile needles or bleach for cleaning needs in order to reduce the spread of HIV? Does needle distribution worsen the drug problem, as opponents of such programs argue? Do they reduce the spread of other serious diseases, such as hepatitis? Do they result in more used needles being carelessly discarded in the community? The panel takes a critical look at the available data on needle exchange and bleach distribution programs, reaches conclusions about their efficacy, and offers concrete recommendations for public policy to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS. The book includes current knowledge about the epidemiologies of HIV/AIDS and injection drug use; characteristics of needle exchange and bleach distribution programs and views on those programs from diverse community groups; and a discussion of laws designed to control possession of needles, their impact on needle sharing among injection drug users, and their implications for needle exchange programs.
Download or read book Projecting the Future of the HIV AIDS Epidemic in Tijuana Mexico written by Esmeralda Iñiguez-Stevens and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Referred to as an "Epidemic Without Borders," the escalating HIV/AIDS epidemic in the U.S./Mexico border region is in urgent need of attention. Although the epidemic is currently concentrated there is potential for it to advance to a generalized level. Recent studies have estimated that 1 in 125 adults aged 15-49 in Tijuana is HIV-infected, with sub-groups most affected being men who have sex with men (MSM), injection drug users (IDUs), and female sex workers (FSWs). Given this there is urgent need to targeted HIV prevention initiatives for these populations. As a result we proposed the following: 1) estimate the total number of men and women aged 15-49 years infected with HIV in 2006; 2) project the new number of HIV infected adults ages 15-49 among non-IDU/FSWs over the next 30 years; 3) evaluate the potential impact of increasing condom use between non-IDU/FSWs and their client on the HIV epidemic curve over a period of 30 years. We calculated HIV prevalence estimates among men and women aged 15-49 in Tijuana, Mexico for 2006, overall and by risk groups (MSM, IDUs, FSWs, pregnant women, low risk men and women). General demographic data such as total population size, gender ratio, and age distribution were obtained from the 2005 Mexican census. To obtain the most updated estimates of HIV prevalence, a review of published literature and available data from community-based studies was conducted. Results of this modeling project allowed us to develop a range of possible estimates for the number of HIV infected individuals, both overall and for each of the at-risk sub-groups. A mathematical model to predict the course of the HIV epidemic over a 30-year period (2006-2036) among FSWs who are not injection drug users (non-IDU/FSWs) was developed. More specifically a deterministic compartmental mathematical model was constructed based on biological (i.e., probability of HIV transmission per sexual act, prevalence of sexually transmitted infections), behavioral (i.e., number of unprotected sexual encounters), and demographic (i.e. population age distribution and population sizes) parameters. Data for the model were derived from community-based studies, literature searches, population census, and communication with Mexican public health officials. A second deterministic compartmentalized model was developed to assess the impact of decreasing unprotected sex among non-IDU/FSWs on the prevalence and incidence of HIV/AIDS. More specifically decreases of 5%, 10%, 20%, 50% and 75% in unprotected sex were modeled. Data on baseline levels of unprotected sex among non-IDU/FSWs was taken from a community-based study. Sensitivity analysis for both deterministic models consisted of developing low- and high-growth scenarios for each of the modeled estimates. The estimated overall prevalence of HIV in Tijuana Mexico among adults ages 15-49, is 0.54% (N = 4,347) (Range: 0.22% (N = 1,750) - 0.86% (N = 6,944). This means that as many as 1 in every 116 male and female adults between the ages of 15-49 could potentially be infected with HIV. However, HIV prevalence is most concentrated among sub-groups of the population such as men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers who are injection drug users (FSW-IDUs), female-IDUs, non-IDU/FSWs and male-IDUs. Results of the deterministic mathematical model show that accumulative HIV incidence will continue to rise over the 30-year modeled period (2006-2036). According to the low- and high-growth scenarios the HIV epidemic will become sustained at approximately 19% by the year 2036. A greater reduction in future HIV prevalence was observed when unprotected sex was decreased by greater than 50% among non-IDU/FSWs. The model also predicted that the greater the reductions in unprotected sex, the lower the level at which the epidemic would become a sustained epidemic.
Download or read book Contextualizing Risk written by Cherie Blair and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic and represent 70% of incident HIV cases in the United States, despite constituting 3.9% of the population. These disparities are particularly relevant in the context of the burgeoning stimulant use epidemic, as stimulant use is associated with increased HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence among MSM. Given these contexts, this dissertation consists of three studies that explored the impacts of stimulant use on HIV/STI transmission dynamics among a diverse cohort of MSM in Los Angeles, California. Study one examined the relative contributions of methamphetamine use, depression, and sexual risk behavior on rectal STIs using path analysis. Study two consisted of a latent class analysis to determine risk behaviors associated with patterns of sexualized stimulant and alcohol use. Study three used machine learning techniques, specifically least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) and elastic net, for variable selection to determine characteristics associated with increased stimulant use and whether these factors differed in relation to HIV status. This dissertation demonstrated that the factors surrounding stimulant use and HIV/STI transmission dynamics are both nuanced and complex. Our findings reinforced the known associations between syndemic health conditions, such as depression, unstable housing, polysubstance use, and transactional sex, with stimulant use and sexual risk behaviors. However, our results highlight that the factors and contexts surrounding stimulant use and sexual risk behaviors likely differ between MSM subpopulations. For example, Black/Latinx MSM who engaged in stimulant use were more likely to experience syndemic health conditions (e.g., STIs, depressive symptoms) than their Black/Latinx counterparts who did not engage in sexualized stimulant use. Similar differences in stimulant use patterns were observed based on HIV status. Among MSM living with HIV, increased stimulant use correlated highly with reported co-substance use whereas sexual risk behaviors and sexual partnership contexts were correlated with increased stimulant use among HIV-negative MSM. This dissertation demonstrates that the contexts and factors which contribute to stimulant use patterns likely differ between MSM subpopulations and suggest that these differences should be accounted for in the design of HIV prevention and treatment interventions.
Download or read book HIV prevalence and contextual risk factors among injection drug users in Harris County Texas written by Syed Wasim Bin Noor and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Social Stigma Disclosure of HIV Serostatus and Risk Behaviors Among People Living with HIV AIDS in Tijuana Mexico written by Ashley M. Bickmore and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Global HIV Epidemics among Sex Workers written by Deanna Kerrigan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-12-01 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A global economic analysis of HIV infection amongst sex workers, finding that evidence based and rights affirming interventions are not implemented to the level that their efficacy warrants, and that doing so at scale would be cost effective and deliver significant returns on investment.
Download or read book Rethinking Social Epidemiology written by Patricia O’Campo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-05 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To date, much of the empirical work in social epidemiology has demonstrated the existence of health inequalities along a number of axes of social differentiation. However, this research, in isolation, will not inform effective solutions to health inequalities. Rethinking Social Epidemiology provides an expanded vision of social epidemiology as a science of change, one that seeks to better address key questions related to both the causes of social inequalities in health (problem-focused research) as well as the implementation of interventions to alleviate conditions of marginalization and poverty (solution-focused research). This book is ideally suited for emerging and practicing social epidemiologists as well as graduate students and health professionals in related disciplines.
Download or read book Handbook of Immigrant Health written by Sana Loue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is the first comprehensive cross-disciplinary work to examine the current health situation of our immigrants, successfully integrating the vast literature of diverse fields -- epidemiology, health services research, anthropology, law, medicine, social work, health promotion, and bioethics -- to explore the richness and diversity of the immigrant population from a culturally-sensitive perspective. This unequalled resource examines methodological issues, issues in clinical care and research, health and disease in specific immigrant populations, patterns of specific diseases in immigrant groups in the US, and conclusive insight towards the future. Complete with 73 illustrations, this singular book is the blueprint for where we must go in the future.
