Download or read book Behavior of Pesticides in Plants written by L. A. Norris and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A number of chemicals of diverse characteristics have arbitrarily been classed together on the basis of their use and given the descriptive name "pesticides." An unfortunate aura of mystery has developed about these chemicals. However, there is nothing unique or mysterious about the chemicals we refer to as "pesticides." Like other chemicals, they have properties which can be accurately measured; they obey all the laws of physics, chemistry, and biology. Chemical and physical properties of a pesticide and interacting environmental factors determine the behavior of pesticides. Behavior in turn dictates the ultimate fate of the pesticide (16). To predict behavior, we need to measure the chemical and physical properties of the pesticide and the environment. With these data and the laws of physics, chemistry, and biology, we can attack the problem of predicting what happens to a chemical in the environment. Our freedom to continue using pesticides depends on our ability to understand and predict their behavior in the environment. In this paper I will consider the bases of chemical behavior and the behavior of pesticides in plants."
Download or read book Terrestrial Behavior of Pesticides written by Irene Scheunert and published by Springer. This book was released on 1992-01 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: I. Scheunert, Neuherberg, FRG: Physical and Physico-Chemical Processes Governing the Residue Behavior of Pesticides in Terrestrial Ecosystems.- Transformation and Degradation of Pesticides in Soil.- Fate of Pesticides in Plants and in Soil Fauna.- H. Parlar, Kassel, FRG: Mechanism for the Behavior of Pesticides on Surfaces.
Download or read book The Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-11-02 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although chemical pesticides safeguard crops and improve farm productivity, they are increasingly feared for their potentially dangerous residues and their effects on ecosystems. The Future Role of Pesticides explores the role of chemical pesticides in the decade ahead and identifies the most promising opportunities for increasing the benefits and reducing the risks of pesticide use. The committee recommends R&D, program, and policy initiatives for federal agriculture authorities and other stakeholders in the public and private sectors. This book presents clear overviews of key factors in chemical pesticide use, including: Advances in genetic engineering not only of pest-resistant crops but also of pests themselves. Problems in pesticide useâ€"concerns about the health of agricultural workers, the ability of pests to develop resistance, issues of public perception, and more. Impending shifts in agricultureâ€"globalization of the economy, biological "invasions" of organisms, rising sensitivity toward cross-border environmental issues, and other trends. With a model and working examples, this book offers guidance on how to assess various pest control strategies available to today's agriculturist.
Download or read book Physical Principles of Pesticide Behaviour written by Gilbert Spencer Hartley and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 1: Dosage and response; Solubility, partition and adsorption; Principles of diffusion and flow; Chemical transformation; Behaviour in soil and other porous granular materials; Behaviour of pesticides in air; Pesticides in aquatic situations; Coverage and spreading; Permeation. Volume 2: Relatorio of permeation to toxicity; Penetration of pesticides into higher plants; Penetration of pesticides into insects and fungi; Effects of growth and movement of organisms on interception of pesticides; Application and formulation.
Download or read book Pesticides in Crop Production written by Prabhat Kumar Srivastava and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-04-27 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to the diversity of pesticides used in modern agricultural practices, and the relevant social and environmental issues Pesticides in Crop Production offers an important resource that explores pesticide action in plants; pesticide metabolism in soil microbes, plants and animals; bioaccumulation of pesticides and sensitiveness of microbiome towards pesticides. The authors explore pesticide risk assessment, the development of pesticide resistance in pests, microbial remediation of pesticide intoxicated legumes and pesticide toxicity amelioration in plants by plant hormones. The authors include information on eco-friendly pest management. They review the impact of pesticides on soil microorganism, crops and other plants along with the impact on other organisms like aquatic fauna and terrestrial animals including human beings. The book also contains an analysis of pesticide by GC-MS/MS (Gas Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry) a reliable method for the quantification and confirmation of multiclass pesticide residues. This important book: Offers a comprehensive guide to the use of the diversity of pesticides and the pertinent social and environmental issues Explores the impact of pesticides from morphological, anatomical, physiological and biochemical perspectives Shows how pesticides affects soil microorganisms, crops and other plants along with the impact on other organisms like aquatic fauna and animals Critically examines whether chemical pesticides are boon or bane and whether they can be replaced by environmental friendly pesticides Written for students, researchers and professionals in agriculture, botany, entomology and biotechnology, Pesticides in Crop Production examines the effects of chemical pesticides and the feasibility of using bio-pesticides.
Download or read book Fate And Prediction Of Environmental Chemicals In Soils Plants And Aquatic Systems written by Mohammed Mansour and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-02-06 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fate and Prediction of Environmental Chemicals in Soils, Plants, and Aquatic Systems focuses on the chemical persistence and ecotoxicological behavior of pesticides in soil, water, and plants. The book examines recent developments in research on various substances and relays information regarding transport, adsorption, absorption, accumulation, degradation, biological effects, toxicity to aquatic organisms, air pollution, exposure, and risk estimation. Leading international scientists present their advances in analytical methodology and instrumentation in the fields of agrochemicals and environmental chemistry. This useful review of data, methods, and principles will benefit environmental researchers, managers, biologists, chemists, pharmacologists, and others interested in assessing the potential for contamination of soil, air, water, and plants.
Download or read book Impact of Pesticides on Farmer Health and the Rice Environment written by Prabhu L. Pingali and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1995-09-30 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers the various aspects of the use of pesticides, their behavior, degradation, and impacts in wetland ricefields, and presents the results of surveys conducted in the Philippines and Thailand. It includes both bibliographic reviews and selected aspects of the experimental results of a research project on pesticide impacts in wetland ricefields. The first phase of the `Pesticide Impact' project was developed in the Philippines from 1989 to 1991. It was a multidisciplinary/collaborative approach involving scientists from IRRI, NRI (England), ORSTOM (France), UPLB (Philippines) who studied the effects of pesticides on the environment and on farmers' health, and the economical aspects of their use.
Download or read book Ecological Impact of Pesticides written by David Pimentel and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pesticides in Soils written by M. Sonia Rodríguez-Cruz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-07 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the occurrence and fate of pesticides in soils, their impact on soil quality and soil ecosystems, and it also provides a comprehensive overview of the latest prevention and remediation strategies of soil contamination. Chapters from expert contributors cover topics such as soil pollution monitoring, the role of dissolved organic matter on the environmental fate of pesticides in soils, the effects of pesticides on soil microbial communities, plant uptake of pesticides from soils, and nano-based pesticides. Particular attention is given to the latest physicochemical and biological technologies developed to immobilize or degrade pesticides, preventing soil and water pollution. Given its scope, the book will appeal to researchers, professionals, including environmental chemists, engineers, ecologists, and policy-makers responsible for soil management.
Download or read book Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of the pesticides applied to food crops in this country are present in foods and may pose risks to human health. Current regulations are intended to protect the health of the general population by controlling pesticide use. This book explores whether the present regulatory approaches adequately protect infants and children, who may differ from adults in susceptibility and in dietary exposures to pesticide residues. The committee focuses on four major areas: Susceptibility: Are children more susceptible or less susceptible than adults to the effects of dietary exposure to pesticides? Exposure: What foods do infants and children eat, and which pesticides and how much of them are present in those foods? Is the current information on consumption and residues adequate to estimate exposure? Toxicity: Are toxicity tests in laboratory animals adequate to predict toxicity in human infants and children? Do the extent and type of toxicity of some chemicals vary by species and by age? Assessing risk: How is dietary exposure to pesticide residues associated with response? How can laboratory data on lifetime exposures of animals be used to derive meaningful estimates of risk to children? Does risk accumulate more rapidly during the early years of life? This book will be of interest to policymakers, administrators of research in the public and private sectors, toxicologists, pediatricians and other health professionals, and the pesticide industry.
Download or read book Pesticide Chemistry and Toxicology written by Dileep K. Singh and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2012-01-30 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pesticide control involves killing pest organisms or otherwise preventing them from destructive behavior. Pesticides are either natural or synthetic and are applied to target pests in a myriad of formulations (EC,WP, SP, FP, G etc.) and application technology systems (sprays, baits, slow-release diffusion, dust, etc.). In recent years, the bacterial genes coding for insecticidal proteins have been incorporated into various crops that dealt with the mortality of the pests feeding on them. Many other eco-friendly methods for insect pest control such as Integrated Pest Management (IPM), use of bio-pesticides etc., are becoming popular. Bio-pesticides and IPM should show good growth in the future, as there is growing concern for the eco-friendly organic agriculture and could be achieved through Good Agriculture Practices (GAP). Use of pesticides requires a proper understanding of the chemistry, their handling and their use in crop protection or hygiene. These are toxic chemicals and require a good understanding of therapy and antidotes at the time of poisoning. This e-book covers pesticide chemistry, metabolic/degradation pathways, biochemical toxicology, therapy and antidotes, nano-pesticides and terminologies associated with pesticide toxicology. the book should serve as a text book for academia, or as a reference work for agriculturists, environmentalists and industry professionals.
Download or read book Mechanisms Of Pesticide Movement Into Ground Water written by R. Honeycutt and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-31 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to exploring the mechanism of pesticide movement into groundwater. It describes how pesticides enter ground water/drinking water systems and how regulatory decisions based on these mechanisms will affect the use of pesticides. Experimental results, models, and industry and regulatory perspectives are covered.
Download or read book Land Use and Wildlife Resources written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Agricultural Land Use and Wildlife Resources and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1970-01-01 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historical perspective. Wildlife values in a Changing World. New patterns on land and water. Influence of land management on wildlife. Special problems of waters and watersheds. Pesticides and wildlife. Wildlife demage and control. Legislation and administration. Evaluation and Conclusions.
Download or read book Soil and Water Quality written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can the United States meet demands for agricultural production while solving the broader range of environmental problems attributed to farming practices? National policymakers who try to answer this question confront difficult trade-offs. This book offers four specific strategies that can serve as the basis for a national policy to protect soil and water quality while maintaining U.S. agricultural productivity and competitiveness. Timely and comprehensive, the volume has important implications for the Clean Air Act and the 1995 farm bill. Advocating a systems approach, the committee recommends specific farm practices and new approaches to prevention of soil degradation and water pollution for environmental agencies. The volume details methods of evaluating soil management systems and offers a wealth of information on improved management of nitrogen, phosphorus, manure, pesticides, sediments, salt, and trace elements. Landscape analysis of nonpoint source pollution is also detailed. Drawing together research findings, survey results, and case examples, the volume will be of interest to federal, state, and local policymakers; state and local environmental and agricultural officials and other environmental and agricultural specialists; scientists involved in soil and water issues; researchers; and agricultural producers.
Download or read book Ecological Impacts of Toxic Chemicals written by Francisco Sánchez-Bayo, Paul J. van den Brink, Reinier M. Mann and published by Francisco Sanchez-Bayo. This book was released on 2011-09-09 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecological Impacts of Toxic Chemicals presents a comprehensive, yet readable account of the known disturbances caused by all kinds of toxic chemicals on both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Topics cover the sources of toxicants, their fate and distribution through the planet, their impacts on specific ecosystems, and their remediation by natural systems. Each chapter is written by well-known specialists in those areas, for the general public, students, and even scientists from outside this field. The book intends to raise awareness of the dangers of chemical pollution in a world dominated by industry and globalization of resources. Because the problems are widespread and far reaching, it is hoped that confronting the facts may prompt better management practices at industrial, agricultural and all levels of management, from local to governmental, so as to reduce the negative impacts of chemical contaminants on our planet.
Download or read book Environmental Dynamics of Pesticides written by V. Freed and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pesticides have played a significant role in increasing food production, and in view of growing worldwide food demand we can expect the use of these chemicals to increase. However, some of them have found their way into the biosphere and have been classi fied as persistent toxic chemicals. This has resulted in serious concern about environmental contamination. Since we are going to continue using chemicals, we should learn more about such aspects as their transport in the environment, the relationship of their physical-chemical properties to transport, their persistence in the biosphere, their partitioning in the biota, and toxicological and epidemiological forecasting based on physical-chemical properties. Environmental chemodynamics is the name given to a subject which deals with some of the above topics, utilizing the principles of such disciplines as chemistry, physics, systems analysis, modelling, engineering, and medical and biological sciences. To ensure the safety of the environment, we must know more about the chemodynamical behavior of pesticides and related chemi cals. The purpose of the symposium "Environmental Dynamics of Pes ticides" was to explore the concept of chemodynamics as applied to pesticides and thus may help in developing the emerging field of environmental chemodynamics. The symposium was held during the l37th National American Chemical Society Meeting at Los Angeles, California, during April, 1974. The three sessions in the sym posium were chai'red by Drs. V.H. Freed, D.G. Crosby, and R. Haque.
Download or read book A History of Pesticides written by Graham A Matthews and published by CABI. This book was released on 2018-09-14 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this fascinating book, Graham Matthews takes the reader through the history of the development and use of chemicals for control of pests, weeds, and vectors of disease. Prior to 1900 only a few chemicals had been employed as pesticides but in the early 1940s, as the Second World War raged, the insecticide DDT and the herbicide 2-4-D were developed. These changed everything. Since then, farmers have been using a growing list of insecticides, herbicides and fungicides to protect their crops. Their use has undoubtedly led to significant gains in agricultural production and reduction in disease transmission, but also to major problems: health concerns for both users of pesticides and the general public, the emergence of resistance in pest populations, and environmental problems. The book examines the development of legislation designed to control and restrict the use of pesticides, the emergence of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and the use of biological control agents as part of policy to protect the environment and encourage the sustainable use of pesticides. Finally, the use of new technologies in pest control are discussed including the use of genetic modification, targeted pesticide application and use of drones, alongside basic requirements for IPM such as crop rotations, close seasons and adoption of plant varieties with resistance to pests and diseases.
