Download or read book Variation of Agonistic Behavior and Morphology Among Juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha of Hatchery Wild and Hybrid Origin Under Common Rearing Conditions written by Maria Elena Lang Wessel and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Hatcheries play an important role in the enhancement of Pacific salmon (genus Oncorhynchus) as a resource, but genetic and phenotypic divergence trom wild populations may occur as a result of founder effects, genetic drift and/or domestication. In this study, agonistic behavior, ability to establish dominance, and morphology were compared among juveniles of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) that have experienced five generations of hatchery ranching culture, juveniles derived trom the wild founding stock, and second generation hybrids of the two lines. The parent generation of all lines was cultured in the same hatchery environment as the juveniles tested. Behavioral observations were conducted in replicate artificial stream tanks; hatchery and hybrid fish were significantly more aggressive than wild derived fish. No difference was detected in the ability of fish lines to win dyadic dominance contests. Thin-plate spline analysis was used to characterize morphometric variation; hatchery and wild derived juveniles differed significantly. Canonical discriminant analysis correctly classified 88% of hatchery fish and 90% of wild derived fish. Morphologically, hybrid fish were significantly different trom both hatchery and wild derived fish. These results suggest that the differences observed between lines are genetic in origin although the sources of the divergence were not conclusively identified"--Leaf iii.
Download or read book Predator Avoidance Behavior of Juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha Following Crowding Stress written by Bruce H. Burton and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Interim Results from a Study of the Behavior of Juvenile Chinook Salmon at Cougar Reservoir and Dam Oregon March august 2011 written by U.S. Department of the Interior and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-03-30 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The movements and dam passage of yearling juvenile Chinook salmon implanted with acoustic transmitters and passive integrated transponder tags were studied at Cougar Reservoir and Dam, near Springfield, Oregon. A total of 411 hatchery fish and 26 wild fish were tagged and released between March 7 and May 21, 2011.
Download or read book Behavioral Response of Juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha to Various Paddle Wheel Configurations written by Charles H. Hanson and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Migratory Behavior of Yearling Juvenile Chinook Salmon and Steelhead in Relation to Water Movement in the Yakima River Washington written by Phillip Roy Mundy and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Interim Results from a Study of the Behavior of Juvenile Chinook Salmon at Cougar Reservoir and Dam Oregon March written by John W. Beeman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Behavior and Dam Passage of Juvenile Chinook Salmon at Cougar Reservoir and Dam Oregon March 2011 February 2012 written by John W. Beeman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Food Habits Growth and Emigration of Juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha from a Stream pond Environment written by Jon Joseph Lauer and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Behavior Passage and Downstream Migration of Juvenile Chinook Salmon from Detroit Reservoir to Portland Oregon 2014 15 written by Tobias J. Kock and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Behavior of Radio Tagged Juvenile Chinook Salmon and Steelhead in the Forebay of Lower Granite Dam Relative to the 2000 Surface Bypass and Behavioral Guidance Structure Tests written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Factors Affecting the Saltwater entry Behavior and Saltwater Preference of Juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha written by Carol Seals Price and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From 1998-2000, laboratory studies were conducted to examine factors that impact saltwater-entry behavior and saltwater preference (SWP) of juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. These factors included bacterial kidney disease, stress and the presence of trout, O. mykiss. An additional study investigated the orientation of the startle response of chinook salmon within a salinity gradient. All experiments were conducted in 757-1 tanks in which a stable, vertical salinity gradient was established. SWP was decreased in fish suffering from bacterial kidney disease (31 ± 20.0%), compared with control fish (85 ± 17.6%). A mild chasing stressor resulted in a 26% decrease in SWP relative to unstressed fish. After a severe handling stressor, only 20% of fish preferred salt water, compared with 100% of unstressed controls. After exposure to an overhead predator model, severely stressed fish descended into the saltwater layer, but this response was transient. The presence of non-aggressive steelhead trout did not affect SWP of chinook salmon. Chinook salmon stocked with rainbow trout displayed decreased SWP. Aggression levels in tanks with rainbow trout were higher than in tanks with only chinook salmon. The orientation of the startle response was affected by the presence of salt water. Fish that preferred salt water within a gradient responded by moving horizontally within the saltwater layer. In contrast, control fish (held only in freshwater) moved vertically within the water colunm when startled. Prior preference for salt water superseded the inclination to move upward in the water column when startled. Smoltification involves physiological, behavioral and morphological changes that prepare healthy chinook salmon for seawater residence. However, disease, stress and aggressive interactions can decrease the SWP of fish at this life history stage. Avoidance of salt water during estuarine outmigration is likely maladaptive, and may have ecological ramifications including increased risk of avian predation during outmigration and decreased fitness in the marine environment.
Download or read book Behavior of Juvenile Chinook Salmon and Steelhead Relative to the Log Boom at Lower Granite Dam written by John M. Plumb and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Behavior of Radio tagged Juvenile Chinook Salmon and Steelhead in the Forebay of Lower Granite Dam Relative to the 2000 Surface Bypass and Behavioral Guidance Structure Tests written by John M. Plumb and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Behavior and Ecology of Pacific Salmon and Trout written by Thomas P. Quinn and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 2011-11-01 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Behavior and Ecology of Pacific Salmon and Trout explains the patterns of mate choice, the competition for nest sites, and the fate of the salmon after their death. It describes the lives of offspring during the months they spend incubating in gravel, growing in fresh water, and migrating out to sea to mature. This thorough, up-to-date survey should be on the shelf of everyone with a professional or personal interest in Pacific salmon and trout. Written in a technically accurate but engaging style, it will appeal to a wide range of readers, including students, anglers, biologists, conservationists, legislators, and armchair naturalists.
Download or read book Changes in the Swimming Performance Behavior and Physiology of Juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytcha After Exposure to One Two Or Three Acute Handling Stresses written by Linda A. Sigismondi and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The performance of an organism or organismic subsystem is the result of the interaction between the performance capacity of the system and Its environment. Environmental conditions can stress an organism and thus affect it's performance. In this study, three whole organism performances were examined: critical swimming speed, fatigue time and response time to a sudden bright light. In addition, subsystem performances were examined by measuring changes in hematocrit and plasma levels of cortisol, glucose, lactic acid, osmolarity, sodium and potassium. Performance tests were made on juvenile chinook salmon stressed 0, 1, 2 or 3 times, with 1 or 3 h between stresses, and on fish allowed to recover 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after each level of stress. A stress consisted of holding the fish in a dip net in the air for 30 sec. The physiological responses and the swimming tests were conducted on salt water adapted fish while the behavioral response was measured with fish in fresh water. Plasma levels of cortisol, lactic acid, osmolarity and sodium increased cumulatively following several acute handling stresses spaced I h apart, though each parameter returned to control levels in 6-12 h. Plasma glucose rose significantly by 1 h after the first stress and remained higher than control levels at all levels of stress and through 24 h after stress. Plasma potassium increased initially following one and two stresses, dropped below control levels within 1-6 h after the last stress, and then increased above control levels for the remainder of the 24 h. Following three stresses potassium was lower than controls initially and then was similar to the levels for one and two stresses throughout the rest of the 24 h recovery period. There was a decrease in hematocrit 3-6 h after each level of stress followed by a return to control levels within 12 h of the last stress. Critical swimming speed was measured by increasing the water velocity in a flow-through swim tube and noting the velocity at which each fish stopped swimming. Critical swimming speeds after handling were highly variable and no differences were found between stressed fish and unstressed fish at any level of stress or any recovery time. Fatigue time was measured as the time a fish can maintain position in a swim tube at a given constant water velocity (60 cm/sec). Following each fatigue test, fish were killed and blood samples were obtained. Unlike unstressed fish, which all fatigued within13 min, the times to fatigue of stressed fish varied with some fish fatiguing within a few minutes and some fish swimming the 60 min period. There was a depression in fatigue times immediately following one and three handling stresses spaced 1 h apart. Immediately after two stresses and with all groups given time to recover from stress, fatigue times were similar to or higher than for unstressed fish. Plasma levels of cortisol, glucose, osmolarity and sodium were higher in swimming fish than in non-swimming controls. Plasma concentrations of cortisol, glucose and lactic acid were all highly variable in fish following fatigue and no differences were found betweeen fish handled in a dip net and unhandled fish at any level of stress or any time after stress. Plasma osmolarity and sodium levels in fatigued fish immediately after one stress were higher than levels in unstressed fatigued fish. Plasma potassium was higher in fatigued fish than in unstressed fatigued controls at several time periods after one and three stresses. The behavior test consisted of exposing groups of salmon in fresh water to a sudden bright light and measuring the time it took each fish to reach cover. Unstressed fish reached cover within 15 sec. Stressed fish took longer to reach cover, with the greatest delay immediately after stress and a gradual decrease in response time with recovery from stress. Exposure to two and three consecutive stress with 3 h between stresses increased the response times and the recovery times indicating that the effects of stress were cumulative.
Download or read book Winter Concealment Habitat and the Behavior of Juvenile Spring Chinook Salmon in the Grande Ronde River Basin Oregon written by Erick S. Van Dyke and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Early Self sorting Behavior in Chinook Salmon is Correlated with Variation in Growth Behavior and Morphology Later in Life written by Julia R. Unrein and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exhibit an array of life history tactics in Oregon's Willamette River Basin, yet we do not know to what extent it is driven by phenotypic plasticity or whether it is predetermined and how conditions in the early rearing environment may affect phenotype expression. We have found hatchery-origin fry sort themselves into distinct surface and bottom oriented phenotypes within days of first feeding and this orientation persists after separation. Surface and bottom phenotypes demonstrated differences in head and body morphology at 2 months post-swim up across three brood years (BY). The surface phenotype exhibits a shorter head and deeper body compared to bottom phenotype. The BY 2012 surface phenotype spent 3 times longer, on average, interacting with their mirror image in an open arena than the bottom phenotype. Tests conducted with BY 2013 fish indicated that bottom-oriented fish engaged in swimming-against-mirror behavior 5 times more than the surface phenotype when the mirror was near gravel refuge. After 8 months of rearing, the BY 2012 surface phenotype was 10% larger than bottom fish and morphometric differences persisted. Surface and bottom phenotypes from BY 2013, were reared under two temperatures and as either separate or combined phenotype groups. The two phenotypes grew at the same rate at 12°C, irrespective of separate or combined rearing, but at 7°C surface fish were significantly larger than bottom fish after three months until temperatures increased after which the two phenotypes converged. While equal in size, the morphologies of the BY 2013 orientation phenotypes were consistent with previous findings. These differences seen in body shape between the surface and bottom oriented groups are similar to differences exhibited between wild subyearling and yearling life history types in the basin. Such phenotypic differences may offer potential for predicting juvenile life history trajectory early in life.
