Download or read book Logic and the Art of Memory written by Paolo Rossi and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2000-12-15 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mnemonic arts and the idea of a universal language that would capture the essence of all things were originally associated with cryptology, mysticism, and other occult practices. And it is commonly held that these enigmatic efforts were abandoned with the development of formal logic in the seventeenth century and the beginning of the modern era. In his distinguished book, Logic and the Art of Memory Italian philosopher and historian Paolo Rossi argues that this view is belied by an examination of the history of the idea of a universal language. Based on comprehensive analyses of original texts, Rossi traces the development of this idea from late medieval thinkers such as Ramon Lull through Bruno, Bacon, Descartes, and finally Leibniz in the seventeenth century. The search for a symbolic mode of communication that would be intelligible to everyone was not a mere vestige of magical thinking and occult sciences, but a fundamental component of Renaissance and Enlightenment thought. Seen from this perspective, modern science and combinatorial logic represent not a break from the past but rather its full maturity. Available for the first time in English, this book (originally titled Clavis Universalis) remains one of the most important contributions to the history of ideas ever written. In addition to his eagerly anticipated translation, Steven Clucas offers a substantial introduction that places this book in the context of other recent works on this fascinating subject. A rich history and valuable sourcebook, Logic and the Art of Memory documents an essential chapter in the development of human reason.

Download or read book The Conversos and Moriscos in Late Medieval Spain and Beyond written by Kevin Ingram and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2009 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Converso and Morisco are the terms applied to those Jews and Muslims who converted to Christianity (mostly under duress) in late medieval Spain. "Converso and Moriscos Studies" examines the manifold cultural implications of these mass convertions.

Download or read book Exotic Nation written by Barbara Fuchs and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2011-12-30 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Western imagination, Spain often evokes the colorful culture of al-Andalus, the Iberian region once ruled by Muslims. Tourist brochures inviting visitors to sunny and romantic Andalusia, home of the ingenious gardens and intricate arabesques of Granada's Alhambra Palace, are not the first texts to trade on Spain's relationship to its Moorish past. Despite the fall of Granada to the Catholic Monarchs in 1492 and the subsequent repression of Islam in Spain, Moorish civilization continued to influence both the reality and the perception of the Christian nation that emerged in place of al-Andalus. In Exotic Nation, Barbara Fuchs explores the paradoxes in the cultural construction of Spain in relation to its Moorish heritage through an analysis of Spanish literature, costume, language, architecture, and chivalric practices. Between 1492 and the expulsion of the Moriscos (Muslims forcibly converted to Christianity) in 1609, Spain attempted to come to terms with its own Moorishness by simultaneously repressing Muslim subjects and appropriating their rich cultural heritage. Fuchs examines the explicit romanticization of the Moors in Spanish literature—often referred to as "literary maurophilia"—and the complex, often silent presence of Moorish forms in Spanish material culture. The extensive hybridization of Iberian culture suggests that the sympathetic depiction of Moors in the literature of the period does not trade in exoticism but instead reminded Spaniards of the place of Moors and their descendants within Spain. Meanwhile, observers from outside Spain recognized its cultural debt to al-Andalus, often deliberately casting Spain as the exotic racial other of Europe.

Download or read book Wisconsin Medicine written by Ronald L. Numbers and published by Univ of Wisconsin Press. This book was released on 1981 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The March of medicine through Wisconsin is a fascinating story, full of triumph and failure, heroes and quacks, and -- overriding all -- stuttering steps toward a modern system of health care that has witnessed the doubling of life expectancies among Wisconsin citizens. This is the story of medicine in Wisconsin, told by professional historians, each speaking from his or her area of specialty. Since territorial times, the physician has risen from a position of marginal respectability to one of unparalleled admiration and trust. The hospital, unknown to residents just 150 years ago, has become a symbol of modern science and a source of civic pride. Knowledge of disease has revolutionized health practices. The purpose of this book is not to celebrate the achievements of Wisconsin's physicians, notable as they have been, but to look critically and sympathetically at the state's medical record. The contributors make no exaggerated claims for Wisconsin. Occasionally, the state led the nation in health matters, but more often it followed the example of others. With this book, the reader will come to understand how and why Wisconsin's medical practice evolved. - Jacket flap.

Download or read book Race and Blood in the Iberian World written by María Elena Martínez and published by LIT Verlag Münster. This book was released on 2012 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Racism Analysis is a research series by LIT Verlag that explores racial discrimination in all its varying historical, ideological, and cultural patterns. It examines the invention of race, as well as the dimensions of modern racism, and it inquires into racism avant la lettre. Race and Blood in the Iberian World is the third volume in the Race Analysis series. This collection offers an historical approach to the topics of race and blood in the Spanish Atlantic world, with extended comparative glances toward other Iberian imperial contexts (Portuguese India) and periods (the modern). The contributions include: a proposition to analyze processes of racialization in plural before the modern period * the question of whether it is analytically appropriate to apply the concept of race to early modern Spanish and Spanish American contexts * the intricate dynamics of race and blood in Iberian discourses of otherness * an analysis of the discourse of limpieza de sangre in relation to Spain's Muslims and moriscos in New Granada * the meanings of the Spanish notions of race and its relationships with gender in colonial Mexico * the meaning of casta, raza, and limpieza de sangre in Goa * the place of Gypsies, indigenous people, and blacks within discourses of citizenship and nativeness * a discussion about how to transform colonial subjects into citizens * an exploration of the works of two scientists of the inter-war period whose research in different ways contributed to what is called blood science. (Series: Racism Analysis - Series B: Yearbooks - Vol. 3)

Download or read book Before the Most Noble and Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of Appeals in Prize Causes written by Great Britain. High Court of Appeals for Prizes and published by . This book was released on 1788 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Culture and Belief in Europe 1450 1600 written by Joan Bellamy and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Adonais written by Percy Bysshe Shelley and published by . This book was released on 1821 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Keepers of the City written by Marvin Lunenfeld and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1987 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through its study of the corregidores, this book offers a panoramic view of Castile during the late medieval and Renaissance eras.

Download or read book The Acharnians written by Aristophanes and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2012-11-01 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Writing at the time of political and social crisis in Athens, Aristophanes was an eloquent yet bawdy challenger to the demagogue and the sophist. The Achanians is a plea for peace set against the background of the long war with Sparta.

Download or read book All Can Be Saved written by Stuart B. Schwartz and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2008-10-01 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It would seem unlikely that one could discover tolerant religious attitudes in Spain, Portugal, and the New World colonies during the era of the Inquisition, when enforcement of Catholic orthodoxy was widespread and brutal. Yet this groundbreaking book does exactly that. Drawing on an enormous body of historical evidence—including records of the Inquisition itself—the historian Stuart Schwartz investigates the idea of religious tolerance and its evolution in the Hispanic world from 1500 to 1820. Focusing on the attitudes and beliefs of common people rather than those of intellectual elites, the author finds that no small segment of the population believed in freedom of conscience and rejected the exclusive validity of the Church. The book explores various sources of tolerant attitudes, the challenges that the New World presented to religious orthodoxy, the complex relations between “popular” and “learned” culture, and many related topics. The volume concludes with a discussion of the relativist ideas that were taking hold elsewhere in Europe during this era.

Download or read book Before the Most Noble and Right Honorable the Lords Commissioners of Appeals in Prize Causes written by Great Britain Lords Commissioners of Appeals in Prize Causes and published by . This book was released on 1788 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Islam and the West written by Anwar G. Chejne and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 1984-06-30 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shortly after the conquest of Granada in 1492 by the Catholic kings, Muslim subjects in Spain became known derogatorily as Moriscos, Moros, Muhammadans, Hagarans, and Saracens, despite the fact that they were forced to accept the sacrament of baptism. They were relegated to the margin of Christian society, considered aliens in their own land, and subjected to strictures and persecution. In turn, the Moriscos developed their own attitude, which they expressed in an extensive literature in Alijamiado, their Spanish dialect written in Arabic script. This literature was for the most part inspired by Arabic models reiterating Islamic values through the vehicles of history, legends, epic tales, stories, wisdom sayings, and sorcery. Written mostly during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, Aljamiado literature is significant for the study of cultural change. Islam and the West: The Moriscos is the first comprehensive study of this long-neglected subject. Chejne surveys and analyzes the self-expression of the Moriscos and assesses their status as a minority struggling for survival, placing them in the social context of ideological conflict, the clash of religions and cultures, and differing perceptions. This book provides a more complete picture of the literatures and cultures of medieval Spain.

Download or read book Guardians of Islam written by Kathryn A. Miller and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Kathryn A. Miller radically reconceptualizes what she calls the exclave experience of medieval Muslim minorities. By focusing on the legal scholars (faqihs) of fifteenth-century Aragonese Muslim communities and translating little-known and newly discovered texts, she unearths a sustained effort to connect with Muslim coreligionists and preserve practice and belief in the face of Christian influences. Devoted to securing and disseminating Islamic knowledge, these local authorities intervened in Christian courts on behalf of Muslims, provided Arabic translations, and taught and advised other Muslims. Miller follows the activities of the faqihs, their dialogue with Islamic authorities in nearby Muslim politics, their engagement with islamic texts, and their pursuit of traditional ideals of faith.

Download or read book Description of Malta and Gozo written by George Percy Badger and published by . This book was released on 1851 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Heresy and the Politics of Community written by Marina Rustow and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2014-10-03 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a book with a bold new view of medieval Jewish history, written in a style accessible to nonspecialists and students as well as to scholars in the field, Marina Rustow changes our understanding of the origins and nature of heresy itself. Scholars have long believed that the Rabbanites and Qaraites, the two major Jewish groups under Islamic rule, split decisively in the tenth century and from that time forward the minority Qaraites were deemed a heretical sect. Qaraites affirmed a right to decide matters of Jewish law free from centuries of rabbinic interpretation; the Rabbanites, in turn, claimed an unbroken chain of scholarly tradition. Rustow draws heavily on the Cairo Geniza, a repository of papers found in a Rabbanite synagogue, to show that despite the often fierce arguments between the groups, they depended on each other for political and financial support and cooperated in both public and private life. This evidence of remarkable interchange leads Rustow to the conclusion that the accusation of heresy appeared sporadically, in specific contexts, and that the history of permanent schism was the invention of polemicists on both sides. Power shifted back and forth fluidly across what later commentators, particularly those invested in the rabbinic claim to exclusive authority, deemed to have been sharply drawn boundaries. Heresy and the Politics of Community paints a portrait of a more flexible medieval Eastern Mediterranean world than has previously been imagined and demonstrates a new understanding of the historical meanings of charges of heresy against communities of faith. Historians of premodern societies will find that, in her fresh approach to medieval Jewish and Islamic culture, Rustow illuminates a major issue in the history of religions.

Download or read book The Muslims of Valencia in the Age of Fernando and Isabel written by Mark D. Meyerson and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-11-10 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The kingdom of Valencia was home to Christian Spain's largest Muslim population during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs, Fernando and Isabel. How did Muslim-Christian coexistence in Valencia remain relatively stable in this volatile period that saw the establishment of the Spanish Inquisition, the Expulsion of the Jews, the conquest of Granada, and the conversion of the Muslims of Granada and Castile? In explanation, Mark Meyerson achieves the first thorough analysis of Fernando and Isabel's policy toward both Muslims and Jews. His findings will stimulate much discussion among Hispanists, Arabists, and historians. Meyerson argues that the key to the persistence of Muslim-Christian coexistence in Valencia lies in the hitherto unexamined differences between the royal couple concerning matters of religion. More than a study of the minority policy of the Catholic Monarchs, however, The Muslims of Valencia is an exemplary analysis of the economic life of Valencia's Muslims and the complex institutional and social network that held them suspended "between coexistence and crusade." This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1991.