Download or read book Beam dynamics in the Fermilab booster in the presence of space charge written by Steven M. Stahl and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Error Induced Beam Degradation in Fermilab s Accelerators written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Part I, three independent models of Fermilab's Booster synchrotron are presented. All three models are constructed to investigate and explore the effects of unavoidable machine errors on a proton beam under the influence of space-charge effects. The first is a stochastic noise model. Electric current fluctuations arising from power supplies are ubiquitous and unavoidable and are a source of instabilities in accelerators of all types. A new noise module for generating the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (O-U) stochastic noise is first created and incorporated into the existing Object-oriented Ring Beam Injection and Tracking (ORBIT-FNAL) package. After being convinced with a preliminary model that the noise, particularly non-white noise, does matter to beam quality, we proceeded to measure directly current ripples and common-mode voltages from all four Gradient Magnet Power Supplies (GMPS). Then, the current signals are Fourier-analyzed. Based upon the power spectra of current signals, we tune up the Ornstein-Uhlnbeck noise model. As a result, we are able to closely match the frequency spectra between current measurements and the modeled O-U stochastic noise. The stochastic noise modeled upon measurements is applied to the Booster beam in the presence of the full space-charge effects. This noise model, accompanied by a suite of beam diagnostic calculations, manifests that the stochastic noise, impinging upon the beam and coupled to the space-charge effects, can substantially enhance the beam degradation process throughout the injection period. The second model is a magnet misalignment model. It is the first time to utilize the latest beamline survey data for building a magnet-by-magnet misalignment model. Given as-found survey fiducial coordinates, we calculate all types of magnet alignment errors (station error, pitch, yaw, roll, twists, etc.) are implemented in the model. We then follow up with statistical analysis to understand how each type of alignment errors are currently distributed around the Booster ring. The ORBIT-FNAL simulations with space charge included show that rolled magnets, in particular, have substantial effects on the Booster beam. This survey-data-based misalignment model can predict how much improvement in machine performance can be achieved if prioritized or selected realignment work is done. In other words, this model can help us investigate different realignment scenarios for the Booster. In addition, by calculating average angular kicks from all misaligned magnets, we expect this misalignment model to serve as guidelines for resetting the strengths of corrector magnets. The third model for the Booster is a time-structured multi-turn injection model. Microbunch-injection scenarios with different time structures are explored in the presence of longitudinal space-charge force. Due to the radio-frequency (RF) bucket mismatch between the Booster and the 400-MeV transferline, RF-phase offsets can be parasitically introduced during the injection process. Using the microbunch multiturn injection, we carry out ESME-ORBIT-combined simulations. This combined simulation allows us to investigate realistic charge-density distribution under full space-charge effects. The growth rates of transverse emittances turned out to be 20 % in both planes. This microbunch-injection scenarios is also applicable to the future 8-GeV Superconducting Linac Proton Driver and the upgraded Main Injector at Fermilab. In Part II, the feasibility of momentum-stacking method of proton beams is investigated. When the Run2 collider program at Fermilab comes to an end around year 2009, the present antiproton source can be available for other purposes. One possible application is to convert the antiproton accumulator to a proton accumulator, so that the beam power from the Main Injector could be enhanced by a factor of four. Through adiabatic processes and optimized parameters of synchrotron motion, we demonstrate with an aid of the ESME code that up to four proton batches can be stacked in the momentum acceptance available for the Accumulator ring. This momentum-stacking method is expected to be a part of Fermilab's SuperNuMI (SNuMI) project.

Download or read book Measurement and Simulations of Intensity dependent Effects in the Fermilab Booster Synchrotron written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fermilab Booster is a nearly 40-year-old proton synchrotron, designed to accelerate injected protons from a kinetic energy of 400 MeV to 8 GeV for extraction into the Main Injector and ultimately the Tevatron. Currently the Booster is operated with a typical intensity of 4.5 x 1012 particles per beam, roughly twice the value of its design, because of the requirement for high particle flux in various experiments. Its relatively low injection energy provides certain challenges in maintaining beam quality and stability under these increasing intensity demands. An understanding of the effects limiting this intensity could provide enhanced beam stability and reduced downtime due to particle losses and subsequent damage to the accelerator elements. Design of future accelerators can also benefit from a better understanding of intensity effects limiting injection dynamics. Chapter 1 provides a summary of accelerator research during the 20th century leading to the development of the modern synchrotron. Chapter 2 puts forth a working knowledge of the terminology and basic theory used in accelerator physics, and provides a brief description of the Fermilab Booster synchrotron. Synergia, a 3d space-charge modeling framework, is presented, along with some simulation benchmarks relevant to topics herein. Emittance, a commonly used quantity characterizing beam size and quality in a particular plane, is discussed in Chapter 3. Space-charge fields tend to couple the motion among the planes, leading to emittance exchange, and necessitating a simultaneous measurement to obtain a complete emittance description at higher intensities. A measurement is described and results are given. RMS beam emittances are shown to be in keeping with known Booster values at nominal intensities and emittance exchange is observed and accounted for. Unmeasurable correlation terms between the planes are quantified using Synergia, and shown to be at most an 8% effect. Results of studies on the coherent and incoherent shifts of transverse (betatron) frequencies with beam intensity at injection energies are presented. In Chapter 4 the coherent frequency shifts are shown to be due to dipole- and quadrupole-wakefield effects. The asymmetry of the Booster beam chamber through the magnets, as well as the presence of magnet laminations, are responsible for the magnitudes and for the opposing signs of the horizontal and vertical tune shifts caused by these wakefields. Chapter 5 details the procedures for obtaining a linear coherent-tune-shift intensity dependence, yielding -0.009/1012 in the vertical plane and +0.001/1012 in the horizontal plane. Data demonstrate a requirement of several hundred turns to accumulate to its maximal value. Two independent studies are compared, corroborating these results. In Chapter 6, a measure of the incoherent tune shift with intensity puts an upper limit on the magnitude of the direct space-charge effect in the Fermilab Booster. A prediction is made for the representative incoherent particle tune shift using a realistic Gaussian distribution, allowing for growth of the beam envelope with intensity, and found to be 0.004/1012. The tune-spread dependence obtained by quantification of the resonant stopband width from beam-extinction measurements was measured at 0.005/1012, similar to the predicted value. These will be shown to be one order of magnitude smaller than the space-charge term from the Laslett tune shift for a fixed-size, uniform beam.

Download or read book Measurement and Simulations of Intensity dependent Effects in the Fermilab Booster Synchrotron written by Daniel McCarron and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fermilab Booster is a nearly 40-year-old proton synchrotron, designed to accelerate injected protons from a kinetic energy of 400 MeV to 8 GeV for extraction into the Main Injector and ultimately the Tevatron. Currently the Booster is operated with a typical intensity of 4.5 x 10¹² particles per beam, roughly twice the value of its design, because of the requirement for high particle flux in various experiments. Its relatively low injection energy provides certain challenges in maintaining beam quality and stability under these increasing intensity demands. An understanding of the effects limiting this intensity could provide enhanced beam stability and reduced downtime due to particle losses and subsequent damage to the accelerator elements. Design of future accelerators can also benefit from a better understanding of intensity effects limiting injection dynamics. Chapter 1 provides a summary of accelerator research during the 20th century leading to the development of the modern synchrotron. Chapter 2 puts forth a working knowledge of the terminology and basic theory used in accelerator physics, and provides a brief description of the Fermilab Booster synchrotron. Synergia, a 3d space-charge modeling framework, is presented, along with some simulation benchmarks relevant to topics herein. Emittance, a commonly used quantity characterizing beam size and quality in a particular plane, is discussed in Chapter 3. Space-charge fields tend to couple the motion among the planes, leading to emittance exchange, and necessitating a simultaneous measurement to obtain a complete emittance description at higher intensities. A measurement is described and results are given. RMS beam emittances are shown to be in keeping with known Booster values at nominal intensities and emittance exchange is observed and accounted for. Unmeasurable correlation terms between the planes are quantified using Synergia, and shown to be at most an 8% effect. Results of studies on the coherent and incoherent shifts of transverse (betatron) frequencies with beam intensity at injection energies are presented. In Chapter 4 the coherent frequency shifts are shown to be due to dipole- and quadrupole-wakefield effects. The asymmetry of the Booster beam chamber through the magnets, as well as the presence of magnet laminations, are responsible for the magnitudes and for the opposing signs of the horizontal and vertical tune shifts caused by these wakefields. Chapter 5 details the procedures for obtaining a linear coherent-tune-shift intensity dependence, yielding -0.009/10¹² in the vertical plane and +0.001/10¹² in the horizontal plane. Data demonstrate a requirement of several hundred turns to accumulate to its maximal value. Two independent studies are compared, corroborating these results. In Chapter 6, a measure of the incoherent tune shift with intensity puts an upper limit on the magnitude of the direct space-charge effect in the Fermilab Booster. A prediction is made for the representative incoherent particle tune shift using a realistic Gaussian distribution, allowing for growth of the beam envelope with intensity, and found to be 0.004/10¹². The tune-spread dependence obtained by quantification of the resonant stopband width from beam-extinction measurements was measured at 0.005/10¹², similar to the predicted value. These will be shown to be one order of magnitude smaller than the space-charge term from the Laslett tune shift for a fixed-size, uniform beam.

Download or read book Accelerator Physics at the Tevatron Collider written by Valery Lebedev and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-29 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the developments in accelerator physics and technology implemented at the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider, the world’s most powerful accelerator for almost twenty years prior to the completion of the Large Hadron Collider. The book covers the history of collider operation and upgrades, novel arrangements of beam optics and methods of orbit control, antiproton production and cooling, beam instabilities and feedback systems, halo collimation, and advanced beam instrumentation. The topics discussed show the complexity and breadth of the issues associated with modern hadron accelerators, while providing a systematic approach needed in the design and construction of next generation colliders. This book is a valuable resource for researchers in high energy physics and can serve as an introduction for students studying the beam physics of colliders.

Download or read book Electron Cloud and Space Charge Effects in the Fermilab Booster written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stable region of the Fermilab Booster beam in the complex coherent-tune-shift plane appears to have been shifted far away from the origin by its intense space charge making Landau damping appear impossible. Simulations reveal a substantial buildup of electron cloud in the whole Booster ramping cycle, both inside the unshielded combined-function magnets and the beam pipes joining the magnets, whenever the secondary-emission yield (SEY) is larger than (almost equal to)1.6. The implication of the electron-cloud effects on the space charge and collective instabilities of the beam is investigated.

Download or read book Fermilab Booster Modeling and Space Charge Study written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fermilab Booster is a bottleneck limiting the proton beam intensity in the accelerator complex. A study group has been formed in order to have a better understanding of this old machine and seek possible improvements. The work includes lattice modeling, numerical simulations, bench measurements and beam studies. Based on newly obtained information, it has been found that the machine acceptance is severely compromised by the orbit bump and dogleg magnets. This, accompanied by emittance dilution from space charge at injection, is a major cause of the large beam loss at the early stage of the cycle. Measures to tackle this problem are being pursued.

Download or read book Measurement of Transverse Emittance in the Fermilab Booster written by William Sproull Graves and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Landau Damping of Space charge Dominated Fermilab Booster Beam written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stable region of the Fermilab Booster beam in the complex coherent-tune-shift plane appears to have been shifted far away from the origin by its intense space-charge making Landau damping impossible. However, it is shown that the bunching structure of the beam reduces the mean space-charge tune shift. As a result, the beam can be stabilized by suitable octupole-driven tune spread.

Download or read book Simulation of the Fermilab Booster Using Synergia written by Panagiotis Spentzouris and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High precision modeling of space-charge effects is essential for designing future accelerators as well as optimizing the performance of existing machines. Synergia is a high-fidelity parallel beam dynamics simulation package with fully three dimensional space-charge capabilities and a higher-order optics implementation. We describe the Synergia framework, developed under the auspices of the DOE SciDAC program, and present Synergia simulations of the Fermilab Booster accelerator and comparisons with experiment. Our studies include investigation of coherent and incoherent tune shifts and halo formation.

Download or read book Space charge Effects of the Proposed High intensity Fermilab Booster written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Space-charge effects on beam stabilities are studied for the proposed two-ring high-intensity Fermilab booster destined for the muon collider. This includes microwave instabilities and rf potential-well distortions. For the first ring, ferrite insertion is suggested to cancel the space-charge distortion of the rf wave form. To control the inductance of the ferrite during ramping and to minimize resistive loss, perpendicular biasing to saturation is proposed.

Download or read book Beam Dynamics In High Energy Particle Accelerators Second Edition written by Andrzej Wolski and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2023-05-12 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-energy particle accelerators are as diverse as their uses, which range from scientific research in fields such as high-energy physics, materials science and the life sciences, to applications in industry and medicine. Despite the diversity of accelerators, the particle beams that they are designed to produce behave in ways that share many common features. Beam Dynamics in High Energy Particle Accelerators aims to provide an introduction to phenomena regularly encountered when working with beams in accelerators; from the basic principles of motion of relativistic particles in electromagnetic fields, to instabilities that can affect beam quality in machines operating at high current. This book assumes no prior experience with accelerator physics and develops the subject in a way that provides a solid foundation for more advanced study of specific topics.As well as including numerous revisions and improvements in the text, this second edition features substantial new material, including sections on fringe fields in multipole magnets, Verlet integration for particle tracking, and measurement of beam emittances. References and discussions of current topics have been updated. As with the first edition, the aim is to provide practical and powerful tools and techniques for the study of beam dynamics, while emphasizing the elegance of the subject and helping the reader develop a deep understanding of the relevant physics.

Download or read book The Effect of Space charge and Wake Fields in the Fermilab Booster written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We calculate the impedance and the wake functions for laminated structures with parallel-planes and circular geometries. We critically examine the approximations used in the literature for the coupling impedance in laminated chambers and find that most of them are not justified because the wall surface impedance is large. A comparison between the flat and the circular geometry impedance is presented. We use the wake fields calculated for the Fermilab Booster laminated magnets in realistic beam simulations using the Synergia code. We find good agreement between our calculation of the coherent tune shift at injection energy and the experimental measurements. In this paper we calculate the impedance and the wake functions for laminated structures with parallel-planes and circular geometries. First the coupling impedance is derived as a function of the wall surface impedance. Then the surface impedance is calculated by solving Maxwell's equations inside the lamination and the crack regions. We find that the commonly used resistive-wall approximations, good for metallic pipes with small surface impedance, are not valid in the laminated structures where the surface impedance is large. Realistic Synergia simulations of the Booster machine with wake fields predict transverse coherent tune shifts in good agreement with the experiment.

Download or read book Simulations of Space Charge in the Fermilab Main Injector written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fermilab Project X plan for future high intensity operation relies on the Main Injector as the engine for delivering protons in the 60-120 GeV energy range. Project X plans call for increasing the number of protons per Main Injector bunch from the current value of 1.0 x 1011 to 3.0 x 1011. Space charge effects at the injection energy of 8 GeV have the potential to seriously disrupt operations. We report on ongoing simulation efforts with Synergia, MARYLIE/Impact, and IMPACT, which provide comprehensive capabilities for parallel, multi-physics modeling of beam dynamics in the Main Injector including 3D space-charge effects.

Download or read book Space Charge Experiments and Simulation in the Fermilab Booster written by P. Spentzouris and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have studied space charge effects in the Fermilab Booster. Our studies include investigation of coherent and incoherent tune shifts and halo formation. We compare experimental results with simulations using the 3-D space charge package Synergia.

Download or read book Performance and Measurements of the Fermilab Booster written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We will describe measurements of the beam in the Fermilab Booster during the first five milliseconds. Most of the particle losses in the Booster are over after the first few milliseconds. At high intensity of 4 x 1012 the transmission is 75%. Such high beam loss can be a limiting factor for future high repetition rate operation of the Booster. The evidence, although indirect, suggests that the losses are the result of incoherent space-charge effects at low energy.

Download or read book Simulation of Space Charge Effects and Transition Crossing in the Fermilab Booster written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The longitudinal phase space program ESME, modified for space charge and wall impedance effects, has been used to simulate transition crossing in the Fermilab Booster. The simulations yield results in reasonable quantitative agreement with measured parameters. They further indicate that a transition jump scheme currently under construction will significantly reduce emittance growth, while attempts to alter machine impedance are less obviously beneficial. In addition to presenting results, this paper points out a serious difficulty, related to statistical fluctuations, in the space charge calculation. False indications of emittance growth can appear if care is not taken to minimize this problem.