Download or read book Basic Pricing Principles in Two Sided Markets written by Aaron Schiff and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper illustrates basic pricing issues in two-sided markets using some simple linear models based on Rochet & Tirole (2006) and Armstrong (2006). Monopoly, first-best and second-best prices when a single platform charges either usage fees or membership fees are examined. Some implications for competition policy and regulation of two-sided markets are are also discussed.
Download or read book Two sided markets and their relevance for competition policy written by Jitendra Jain and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2009-05-11 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Politics - Topic: European Union, grade: Good, Ruhr-University of Bochum, course: MA (ECUE), language: English, abstract: Two-sided markets consist of two or more exclusive groups, present simultaneously on a single platform. They both need each other. In order to succeed the platform provider must ensure active participation of both groups. In the beginning these bazaars face chicken-and-egg problem, which should be solved, sometimes even by providing free chicken. These markets include some of the most important industries in new economy such as mobile telephony companies, free TV services, OS suppliers, software providers, gaming companies, credit card companies, auction sites etc. Ebay and amazon are good examples of two-sided markets. In such two-sided markets buyers and sellers first trade with the intermediary/ies so as to gain access to the functionalities of a platform and then trade with each other under oligopolistic conditions. In chapter 1 of this paper an attempt has been made to describe finer nuances of two-sided markets. Thereafter I proceed to discuss the various dynamics of two-sided markets in chapter 2. Two-sided firms differ from traditional industries and they follow totally different business economics. Marginal cost does not help them in deciding optimal price. Pricing policies and other business strategies must be formulated in such a way that it should ensure active interaction of both groups. Pricing strategy should get both sides on board and should also solve chicken-and-egg problem. Chapter 3 describes the pricing policy adopted by two-sided markets. Chapter 4 deals with relevance of two-sided markets for competition policy. Competition Authorities do not need different set of rules to regulate these industries. However Competition Authorities must consider various economic principles that influence pricing and investment decisions in two-sided markets. Chapter 5 concludes with various observations and suggestions.
Download or read book Handbook of Industrial Organization written by Richard Schmalensee and published by North Holland. This book was released on 1989-09-11 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of industrial organization/Schmalensee.-V.2.
Download or read book Platform Pricing in Mixed Two Sided Markets written by Ming Gao and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When a consumer can appear on both sides of a two-sided market, such as a user who both buys and sells on eBay, the platform may want to bundle the services it provides to two sides. I develop a general model for such "mixed" two-sided markets, and show that a monopolist platform's incentive to bundle and its optimal pricing strategy are determined by simple formulas using familiar price elasticities of demand, which embody the bundling effect, and price-cost margins adjusted for network externalities, which incorporate "two-sidedness". The optimal pricing rule in such markets generalizes the familiar Lerner formula.
Download or read book Exclusionary Pricing in a Two sided Market written by Massimo Motta and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper we provide a new way of modelling two-sided markets, and we then use this model to study anti-competitive conduct in an asymmetric two-sided market which captures the main features of some recent antitrust cases. We show that below-cost pricing on one market side can allow an incumbent firm to exclude a more efficient rival which does not have a customer base yet. This exclusionary behaviour is the more likely to occur the more mature the market and the stronger the established customer base of the incumbent.
Download or read book Strategic Decisions written by Vassilis Papadakis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past ten years, there has been growing interest in the process of strategic decision-making among both managers and researchers. Strategic decisions are important for five main reasons: They are large-scale, risky and hard to reverse; they are a bridge between deliberate and emerging strategies; they can be a major source of organizational learning; they play an important part in the development of individual managers and they cut accross functions and academic disciplines. Strategic Decisions summarizes the current state of the art in research on strategic decision-making, with chapters prepared by leading strategy researchers. The editors also present implications for current application and proposed directions for future research.
Download or read book Fundamental Principles of Law and Economics written by Alan Devlin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-10-17 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook places the relationship between law and economics in its international context, explaining the fundamentals of this increasingly important area of teaching and research in an accessible and straightforward manner. In presenting the subject, Alan Devlin draws on the neoclassical tradition of economic analysis of law while also showcasing cutting- edge developments, such as the rise of behavioural economic theories of law. Key features of this innovative book include: case law, directives, regulations, and statistics from EU, UK, and US jurisdictions are presented clearly and contextualised for law students, showing how law and economics theory can be understood in practice; succinct end- of-chapter summaries highlight the essential points in each chapter to focus student learning; further reading is provided at the end of each chapter to guide independent research. Making use of tables and diagrams throughout to facilitate understanding, this text provides a comprehensive overview of law-and-economics that is ideal for those new to the subject and for use as a course text for law-and-economics modules.
Download or read book Exclusionary Pricing in Two sided Markets written by Andrea Amelio and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the incentives to engage in exclusionary pricing in the context of two-sided markets. Platforms are horizontally differentiated, and seek to attract users of two groups who single-home and enjoy indirect network externalities from the size of the opposite user group active on the same platform. The entrant incurs a fixed cost of entry, and the incumbent can commit to its prices before the entry decision is taken. The incumbent has thus the option to either accommodate entry, or to exclude entry and enjoy monopolistic profits, albeit under the constraint that its price must be low enough to not leave any room for an entrant to cover its fixed cost of entry. We find that, in the spirit of the literature on limit pricing, under certain circumstances even platforms find it profitable to exclude entrants if the fixed entry cost lies above a certain threshold. By studying the properties of the threshold, we show that the stronger the network externality, the lower the thresholds for which incumbent platforms find it profitable to exclude. We also find that entry deterrence is more likely to harm consumers the weaker are network externalities, and the more differentiated are the two platforms.
Download or read book Two Sided Market R D and Payments System Evolution written by Bin Grace Li and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-03-18 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It takes many years for more efficient electronic payments to be widely used, and the fees that merchants (consumers) pay for using those services are increasing (decreasing) over time. We address these puzzles by studying payments system evolution with a dynamic model in a twosided market setting. We calibrate the model to the U.S. payment card data, and conduct welfare and policy analysis. Our analysis shows that the market power of electronic payment networks plays important roles in explaining the slow adoption and asymmetric price changes, and the welfare impact of regulations may vary significantly through the endogenous R&D channel.
Download or read book Market Definition in Two Sided Markets written by Mihai Stahie and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the theory of two-sided markets was first introduced it was common to hear a theory of everything, and therefore nothing, since everything seems to be two-sided. One of the problems with two-sided market analysis is that is hard to find formal limiting principles to market definition since the 'small significant non-transitory increase in price test' (SSNIP test) cannot be applied in its traditional form. In particular, we argue whether one or two relevant markets need to be defined and whether the presence of another side of the market should influence market definition.
Download or read book Two Sided Platform Markets and the Application of the Traditional Antitrust Analytical Framework written by Renata B. Hesse and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It only takes working through a single matter that involves a two-sided market to recognize that the antitrust analysis can be a bit more complicated than with standard one-sided markets. The principle reason for the complication is evident from the descriptive moniker given these markets: they have two sides or, put more practically, they have two sets of independent customers. Generally, two-sided markets are characterized by(1) the presence of two distinct classes of customers for a vendor's product or service, both of which are necessary for the existence of the product or service, and(2) indirect positive externalities between different classes of customers, meaning that the value of the product or service to one class of customer increases with the level of usage by the other customer class, at least up to a point.But why do these features make a difference in terms of the application of standard antitrust principles to these markets? Or, more colloquially, why is everyone talking about two-sided markets?
Download or read book The Antitrust Economics of Two Sided Markets written by David S. Evans and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Two-sided" markets have two different groups of customers that businesses have to get on board to succeed - there is a "chicken-and-egg" problem that needs to be solved. These industries range from dating clubs (men and women), to video game consoles (game developers and users), to credit cards (cardholders and merchants), and to operating system software (application developers and users). They include some of the most important industries in the economy.Two-sided firms behave in ways that seem surprising from the vantage point of traditional industries, but in ways that seem like plain common sense once one understands the business problems they must solve. Prices do not and prices cannot follow marginal costs in each side of the market. Price levels, price structures, and investment strategies must optimize output by harvesting the indirect network effects available on both sides. By doing so, businesses in two-sided industries get both sides on board and solve the chicken-and-egg problem. There is no basis for asking regulators or antitrust enforcers to steer clear of these industries or to spend extra effort on them. The antitrust analysis of these industries, however should heed the economic principles that govern pricing and investment decisions in these industries.
Download or read book Predatory Pricing in Two Sided Markets written by Amelia Fletcher and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past few years, there has been a burgeoning literature on two-sided markets and economic understanding of such markets has improved hugely. Less attention has, however, been paid to how competition policy should be applied in two-sided markets.This short note does not attempt to provide a comprehensive analysis of this issue, but merely presents a brief comment on the implications of two-sided market theory for one possible abuse of a dominant position under Article 82 of the EC Treaty: predatory pricing.
Download or read book Principles of Pricing written by Rakesh V. Vohra and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-05 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Many businesses focus on driving volume or reducing costs rather than increasing price under the mistaken belief they have greater control over volume and costs than price. Yet, a 1% increase in price (holding volume fixed) has a greater impact on operating profit than a 1% increase in volume or a 1% decrease in cost. By not seizing the initiative on price, businesses abrogate decisions about price to competitors, customers, and the channel. A careful analysis and understanding of those same actors could help them price in a more profitable manner. Hence, this book, which is designed to communicate the fundamental principles of pricing. In marked contrast to other books on pricing, this one is based on economic theory. This is not to deny the value to be had from looking at pricing through other lenses. It is simply that these other lenses do not yet provide a systematic and organized way to think about pricing. Economic theory does. Its power is not in the provision of to-do lists or the Gradgrind-like accumulation of facts.8 Rather, it is in generating the right questions to be asked. Both our own experiences and that related to us by our students who have taken our classes has confirmed us in this view. A second point of contrast with other treatments of pricing is that we convey principles through stylized examples rather than anecdotes"--Provided by publisher.
Download or read book The Antitrust Paradox written by Robert Bork and published by . This book was released on 2021-02-22 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most important book on antitrust ever written. It shows how antitrust suits adversely affect the consumer by encouraging a costly form of protection for inefficient and uncompetitive small businesses.
Download or read book Understanding the Federal Reserve s Proposed Rule on Interchange Fees written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Financial Services. Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Quality signaling Rationale for Aftermarket Tying written by Marius Schwartz and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
