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Book Basic Emirati Arabic

Download or read book Basic Emirati Arabic written by Tommi Tsz-Cheung Leung and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-03-26 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic Emirati Arabic: A Grammar and Workbook is an elementary-level grammar book of the variety of Gulf Arabic spoken in the United Arab Emirates. In this book, a series of compact units provide brief and concise descriptions of the fundamental grammatical structures, accompanied by examples drawn from Emirati native language speakers and several exercises assessing the learner’s understanding and mastery of the grammatical structure discussed. A key to these exercises is also provided so that learners can self-assess their progress and obtain immediate feedback. This book is intended for beginner learners who would like to engage with this variety of Arabic and learn its basic grammatical structure through practice. It is additionally a valuable tool for language teachers of Emirati and Gulf Arabic as well as learners of Modern Standard Arabic who would like access to a basic reference of the dialect.

Book Emirati Arabic

Download or read book Emirati Arabic written by Tommi Tsz-Cheung Leung and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-12-30 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emirati Arabic: A Comprehensive Grammar offers readers a reference tool for discovering and studying in detail the specific dialect of Arabic spoken in the United Arab Emirates. It covers all major areas of Emirati Arabic grammar, describing in detail its phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic systems. Each grammatical point is illustrated with numerous examples drawn from native Emirati Arabic speakers and is thoroughly discussed providing both accessible and linguistically informed grammatical description. This book is a useful reference for students of Gulf Arabic and/or Modern Standard Arabic or other Arabic dialects with an interest in the dialect spoken in the UAE, researchers interested in Arabic language and linguistics as well as graduate students and scholars interested in Arabic studies.

Book Conversational Arabic Quick and Easy

Download or read book Conversational Arabic Quick and Easy written by Yatir Nitzany and published by Yatir Nitzany. This book was released on 2019-01-13 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THIS BOOK DOESN'T CONTAIN ANY ARABIC LETTERS! ALL ARABIC WORDS IN THIS BOOK WERE WRITTEN IN ENGLISH-TRANSLITERATION! IF YOUR CONCERN IS PRONUNCIATION THEN PLEASE PURCHASE THE AUDIO VERSION. Have you always wanted to learn how to speak the Emirati Arabic Dialect but simply didn’t have the time? Well if so, then, look no further. You can hold in your hands one of the most advanced and revolutionary method that was ever designed for quickly becoming conversational in a language. In creating this time-saving program, master linguist Yatir Nitzany spent years examining the twenty-seven most common languages in the world and distilling from them the three hundred and fifty words that are most likely to be used in real conversations. These three hundred and fifty words were chosen in such a way that they were structurally interrelated and, when combined, form sentences. Through various other discoveries about how real conversations work—discoveries that are detailed further in this book—Nitzany created the necessary tools for linking these words together in a specific way so that you may become rapidly and almost effortlessly conversant—now. If your desire is to learn complicated grammatical rules or to speak perfectly proper and precise Arabic, this book is not for you. However, if you need to actually hold a conversation while on a trip to Dubai or Abu Dhabi, to impress that certain someone, or to be able to speak with your grandfather or grandmother as soon as possible, then the Nitzany Method is what you have been looking for. This book is recommended for those who already have some prior knowledge of the pronunciation of Arabic accents (such as the Arabic accents: ayin, ghayn, ha, and khaf). For those of you who do not, this book does indeed provide some great, in-depth techniques on the pronunciation and recognition of these accents, that you will encounter throughout the program. These techniques have proven extremely beneficial for beginner students who were previously unfamiliar with these accent pronunciations. But keep in mind this isn’t a pronunciation book. This method is designed for fluency in a foreign language, while communicating in the first person present tense. Nitzany believes that what’s most important is actually being able to understand and be understood by another human being right away. Therefore, unlike other courses, all words in this program are taught in English transliteration, without having to learn the complex alphabet. More formalized training in grammar rules, etc., can come later. This is one of the several, in a series of instructional language guides, the Nitzany Method’s revolutionary approach is the only one in the world that uses its unique language technology to actually enable you to speak and understand native speakers in the shortest amount of time possible. No more depending on volumes of books of fundamental, beginner, intermediate, and advanced levels, all with hundreds of pages in order to learn a language. With Conversational Arabic Quick and Easy, all you need are fifty-three pages. Learn the Arabic Dialect of the United Arab Emirates today, not tomorrow, and get started now!

Book Spoken Emirati Conversation

Download or read book Spoken Emirati Conversation written by Abdulla Alkaabi and published by . This book was released on 2020-02-26 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With this E-book learn the most basic commonly used intermediate-level sentences and improve your Emirati Arabic vocabulary!This book contains the day to day Emirati arabic conversations on different topics. These arethe situations that you are most like to come across if staying in the gulf. The conversationshave been written in just the right length for any intermediate learner, and each line has an English translation and Arabizy (Emirati text written in English for a better pronunciation) on the same page.

Book Conversational Arabic Quick and Easy

    Book Details:
  • Author : Yatir Nitzany
  • Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
  • Release : 2015-11-02
  • ISBN : 9781518755279
  • Pages : 46 pages

Download or read book Conversational Arabic Quick and Easy written by Yatir Nitzany and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2015-11-02 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Have you always wanted to learn how to speak the Arabic dialect of the United Arab Emirates but simply didn't have the time? Well look no further. You hold in your hands the most advanced and revolutionary method that was ever designed for QUICKLY becoming conversational in a language. In creating this time saving program, master linguist Yatir Nitzany spent nearly three years examining the 27 most common languages in the world and distilling from them the 350 words that are most likely to be used in real conversations. These 350 words were chosen in such a way that they are structurally interrelated, and when combined, they form sentences. Through various other discoveries about how real conversations work, that are detailed further in this book, Nitzany created the necessary tools for linking these words together in a specific way so that you may to become fluent NOW. If your desire is to learn complicated grammatical rules, or to speak Shakespearean Arabic, this book is NOT for you. However, if you need to actually hold a conversation whilst on a trip to Dubai, Abu Dhabi, or other places in the UAE, to impress that certain someone, or to be able to speak with your grandfather or grandmother as soon as possible, then the Nitzany Method is what you have been looking for. This book is recommended for those who already have prior knowledge in pronunciation of Arabic accents (such as the Arabic accents: "ayin," "ghayn," "ha," and "khaf"). For those of you that DO NOT, this book does indeed provide some great, in depth techniques (page #15) as to the pronunciation and recognition of these accents that you will encounter throughout the program. These techniques have proven extremely beneficial for beginner students who were previously unfamiliar with these accent pronunciations. In Jordanian dialect, verb conjugation is irregular and this book will NOT teach you those skills since this is NOT a grammar book. In most languages, including Classical Arabic, a conjugated verb is always followed by an infinitive verb, but this is NOT the case in the Jordanian colloquial dialect since every verb in the sentence must be conjugated. Keep in mind that Jordanian Arabic is not an official language, but rather is a colloquial dialect. The purpose of my method is solely to give you the tools to create your own sentences in order to become conversational, while in regards to grammar, pronunciation, etc.. you are on your own! This method is designed for fluency in a foreign language, while communicating in the first person. Nitzany believes that what's most important is actually being able to understand and be understood by another human being right away. Therefore, unlike other courses, all words in this program are taught in English transliteration, without having to learn a complex foreign alphabet. More formalized training in grammar rules, learning to write in a foreign alphabet, etc. can all come later. This is one of the many in a series of instructional language guides, the Nitzany Method's revolutionary approach is the only one in the world that uses it's unique language technology to actually enable you to speak and understand native speakers in the shortest amount of time possible. No more depending on volumes of books of fundamental, beginner, intermediate, and advanced levels, all with hundreds of pages in order to learn a language. With "Conversational Arabic Quick and Easy" all you need are 45 pages. This book has proven useful for beginners, intermediate, and advanced speakers of the Arabic language. Learn the spoken Emirati Arabic today, not tomorrow, and get started NOW! Note from the Author: This book is by NO means, shape, NOR form a phrase book! Please start at the beginning of program (page#16) and fully master one page at a time prior to proceeding to the next, otherwise you will overwhelm yourself and fail. Method is similar to Paul Pimsleur tech, and better than the Rosetta St

Book Morphosyntactic Development in Child Emirati Arabic

Download or read book Morphosyntactic Development in Child Emirati Arabic written by Dimitrios Ntelitheos and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2024-09-23 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates selected aspects of the grammatical development of Emirati Arabic, the variety of Gulf Arabic spoken in the United Arab Emirates and closely related to the varieties spoken in the rest of the Gulf States. While the acquisition of Arabic as a second language has been widely studied, first language acquisition of different Arabic dialects has received much less attention. Ntelitheos addresses this disparity by presenting a number of systematic studies on the acquisition of Emirati Arabic grammar based on a two-year longitudinal corpus of six children. He discusses the acquisition of the nominal domain, including definiteness and possession; the acquisition of verbal functional structure and agreement; and the acquisition of word order and negation in the syntactic domain. In addition, he defines several developmental stages for Emirati Arabic, based on established diagnostic tests. The discussion is framed within a general survey of the relevant literature in Arabic acquisition studies and combines new empirical data with rigorous discussion of several long-standing theoretical problems in the broader field of child language development.

Book The Most Basic Arabic

    Book Details:
  • Author : James McGlasson
  • Publisher : CreateSpace
  • Release : 2015-02-18
  • ISBN : 9781508499701
  • Pages : 82 pages

Download or read book The Most Basic Arabic written by James McGlasson and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-02-18 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Most Basic Arabic teaches all the language you need to survive, enabling you to learn everything you need as simply and effortlessly as possible. Arabic can seem a little daunting for most people, but this is mainly because we are unfamiliar with it, and the language sounds very different from English. However, by learning certain parts of speech and a few rules, it is possible to converse quite a lot and to get by in Arabic-speaking countries for an extended period of time. While Arabic is somewhat different to English, the basics can be mastered language quite simply and you can easily learn all that you will need if you are intending to live, work or travel in the Arab world This book gives you that language and is presented in a simple way. It can be studied over a relatively short space of time, and will enable you to get by in Arabic on arrival. Once you have mastered this small amount of Basic Arabic, you will be able to get around and converse a bit with locals. The book begins with the very simple (10 most useful phrases for a newcomer), then builds on this in stages to break down the building blocks of Arabic, such as Pronouns, Verbs and Nouns, giving you the language and knowledge to speak basic Arabic by yourself. With this book, you will have picked up a great deal of the language and grammar, be able to get around speaking Arabic, as well as impress your hosts with a little bit of their own language. The Most Basic Arabic also includes Basic Conversation and you will find it an invaluable tool to keep with you for its simple presentation of the Language and Phrases needed for various situations: - In a Taxi - In a Restaurant - In a Bar or Coffee Shop - In a Shop. Good luck and enjoy your trip!

Book Emirati Arabic

Download or read book Emirati Arabic written by Tommi Tsz-Cheung Leung and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-12-30 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emirati Arabic: A Comprehensive Grammar offers readers a reference tool for discovering and studying in detail the specific dialect of Arabic spoken in the United Arab Emirates. It covers all major areas of Emirati Arabic grammar, describing in detail its phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic systems. Each grammatical point is illustrated with numerous examples drawn from native Emirati Arabic speakers and is thoroughly discussed providing both accessible and linguistically informed grammatical description. This book is a useful reference for students of Gulf Arabic and/or Modern Standard Arabic or other Arabic dialects with an interest in the dialect spoken in the UAE, researchers interested in Arabic language and linguistics as well as graduate students and scholars interested in Arabic studies.

Book Learn Arabic 1  lower beginner Arabic

Download or read book Learn Arabic 1 lower beginner Arabic written by Mohd Mursalin Sa'ad and published by LETS Learn effective training skills. This book was released on 2022-04-21 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Start speaking Arabic immediately in your first lesson. Step by step, from simple and basic Arabic. Great for absolute beginner or adults who just starting in Arabic. No fear of learning a new foreign language. What you get in Lower Beginner Arabic: You will get our full support hands on with: - 80 pages of Arabic learning material - 10 Arabic lessons: with simple dialogues, answer lots of learners questions regarding Arabic and giving simple guidelines to master Arabic. Start learning the fundamentals of speaking Arabic and knowing whatever the Arab locals are speaking on the streets. Hands on: Reading and writing. You can merge and join Arabic letters into words. -Spoken Arabic in Modern Arabic whilst street Arabic with the local dialects Content of lessons: Lesson 1: What’s your name? Lesson 2: How are you? Lesson 3: What is this? Lesson 4: This is? Lesson 5: Who are you? Lesson 6: Who is this? Lesson 7: Where do you live? Lesson 8: I speak little Arabic? Lesson 9: What’s the number? Lesson 10: Who lives with you? This book is the most powerful way to learn Arabic to from basic Arabic and simple speaking and Arabic dialogues. Learn the Arabic 1 book and gain confidence speaking Arabic. Why are the content effective? - Learn Arabic grammar with clear and simple explanation -Speak Arabic in your first lesson - simple phrases and expressions to expand Arabic sentence and dialogues - expand your word power with 3 or 4 new words and not to pressure you in learning and memorizing new words. Benefit of this book; Learn Arabic 1 for lower beginner - Read less but learn more, simple and stress free - Build proper fundamentals and simple words to expand word power and vocabularies - The author answered questions from students in clear and simple explanation. Here are some facts to achieve your potential: □ You need to allocate time to revise new lessons □ A phone to save audios and listen when you travel □ A small pocket notebook to write down new words □ Practice writing and spelling Arabic words □ Aspiration to learn Arabic □ Books as reference □ Engaged with the Arabic language by Speaking Arabic daily and reading more reference books □ Believed that you can achieve the foreign language feat, because others in Arabs continents and across the globe in Asia and Indonesia speak Arabic.

Book The Easy Way to Learn Arabic

Download or read book The Easy Way to Learn Arabic written by Abbas Said and published by . This book was released on 2013-03 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most frequently used 2,000 Arabic words divided for ease of learning into 100 units of 20 words each with transliteration, script and translation plus indexes and a detailed introduction. In practical terms, anyone who masters the basic vocabulary in "The Easy Way to Learn Arabic" will need only another 15% or so to cover the entire vocabulary encountered in newspapers, magazines, books, radio and television. Provides an easy route to mastering good, usable, basic Arabic. Easy-to-learn Unit Structure gets you the words you need to know quickly and easily. One hundred easy-to-master units of 20 words each. These words are the essential foundation stones on which you intuitively build your language framework: The first five units (100 words) account for 50% of normal conversational usage - the first 500 words account for 75% of normal conversational usage The full 2,000 words will equip you for nearly all word occurrences in modern Arabic usage in speech, newspapers, books, television etc. Also provides an all-in-one basic Arabic-English dictionary in transliteration and an All-in-one basic English-Arabic Dictionary The simplest, most logical way to pick up an Arabic vocabulary of ten thousand words from two thousand. Presents you with the 2,000 word basic vocabulary ordered by frequency of occurrence in modern usage - in one hundred simple units. A learning aid for those living in Arab countries, visiting the Arab world or doing business with the nations of the Middle East from Morocco to Jordan and the Arabian Peninsula. The Arabic script has been transliterated throughout to aid quick assimilation, and the commonest two thousand key words in Arabic, with their meanings in English, have been arranged in decreasing order of frequency. A simple, fast, proven way to learn Arabic with ease.

Book Emirati Arabic Verbs

    Book Details:
  • Author : Hanan Fardan
  • Publisher :
  • Release : 2018
  • ISBN : 9789948240211
  • Pages : 149 pages

Download or read book Emirati Arabic Verbs written by Hanan Fardan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Colloquial Arabic of the Gulf

Download or read book Colloquial Arabic of the Gulf written by Clive Holes and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-08-27 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of Colloquial Arabic of the Gulf has been revised and updated to make learning this variety of Arabic easier and more enjoyable than ever before. Specially written by an expert for self-study and classroom use, the course offers you a step-by-step approach to spoken Arabic of the Gulf, together with an introduction to reading signs, business cards, advertisements and other realia. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Each unit presents numerous grammatical points that are reinforced with a wide range of exercises for regular practice. A full answer key can be found at the back as well as useful vocabulary summaries throughout. Features new to this edition include: a ‘Cultural Point’ section in each unit on important aspects of Gulf culture, society and history, with photographs and realia a ‘Reading Arabic’ section in each unit, plus a special appendix on the Arabic script comprehensive glossaries, both English-Arabic and Arabic-English, containing all the words in the book extra notes on the dialects of Oman. By the end of this rewarding course you will be able to communicate confidently and effectively in Arabic in a broad range of situations. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills. .

Book Conversational Arabic Quick and Easy

Download or read book Conversational Arabic Quick and Easy written by Yatir Nitzany and published by . This book was released on 2015-11-02 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THIS ISN'T A PHRASEBOOK! BUT RATHER THIS IS A SYSTEM DESIGNED TO TEACH THE READER HOW TO COMBINE WORDS IN ORDER TO CREATE THEIR OWN SENTENCES! THIS BOOK DOESN'T CONTAIN ANY ARABIC LETTERS! ALL ARABIC WORDS IN THIS BOOK WERE WRITTEN IN ENGLISH-TRANSLITERATION! Have you always wanted to learn how to speak the Emirati Arabic Dialect but simply didn't have the time? Well if so, then, look no further. You can hold in your hands one of the most advanced and revolutionary method that was ever designed for quickly becoming conversational in a language. In creating this time-saving program, master linguist Yatir Nitzany spent years examining the twenty-seven most common languages in the world and distilling from them the three hundred and fifty words that are most likely to be used in real conversations. These three hundred and fifty words were chosen in such a way that they were structurally interrelated and, when combined, form sentences. Through various other discoveries about how real conversations work--discoveries that are detailed further in this book--Nitzany created the necessary tools for linking these words together in a specific way so that you may become rapidly and almost effortlessly conversant--now. If your desire is to learn complicated grammatical rules or to speak perfectly proper and precise Arabic, this book is not for you. However, if you need to actually hold a conversation while on a trip to Dubai or Abu Dhabi, to impress that certain someone, or to be able to speak with your grandfather or grandmother as soon as possible, then the Nitzany Method is what you have been looking for. This book is recommended for those who already have some prior knowledge of the pronunciation of Arabic accents (such as the Arabic accents: ayin, ghayn, ha, and khaf). For those of you who do not, this book does indeed provide some great, in-depth techniques on the pronunciation and recognition of these accents, that you will encounter throughout the program. These techniques have proven extremely beneficial for beginner students who were previously unfamiliar with these accent pronunciations. But keep in mind this isn't a pronunciation book. This method is designed for fluency in a foreign language, while communicating in the first person present tense. Nitzany believes that what's most important is actually being able to understand and be understood by another human being right away. Therefore, unlike other courses, all words in this program are taught in English transliteration, without having to learn the complex alphabet. More formalized training in grammar rules, etc., can come later. This is one of the several, in a series of instructional language guides, the Nitzany Method's revolutionary approach is the only one in the world that uses its unique language technology to actually enable you to speak and understand native speakers in the shortest amount of time possible. No more depending on volumes of books of fundamental, beginner, intermediate, and advanced levels, all with hundreds of pages in order to learn a language. With Conversational Arabic Quick and Easy, all you need are fifty-three pages. Learn the Arabic Dialect of the United Arab Emirates today, not tomorrow, and get started now!

Book West Greenlandic

Download or read book West Greenlandic written by Lily Kahn and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-21 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This grammar provides a clear and comprehensive overview of contemporary West Greenlandic. It follows a systematic order of topics beginning with the alphabet and phonology, continuing with nominal and verbal morphology and syntax, and concluding with more advanced topics such as complex sentences and word formation. Grammatical points are illustrated with authentic examples reflecting current life in Greenland. Grammatical terminology is explained fully for the benefit of readers without a background in linguistics. Features include: Full grammatical breakdowns of all examples for ease of identifying individual components of complex words. A detailed contents list and index for easy access to information. An alphabetical list of the most commonly used West Greenlandic suffixes. A glossary of grammatical abbreviations used in the volume. The book is suitable for a wide range of users, including independent and classroom-based learners of West Greenlandic, as well as linguists and anyone with an interest in Greenland’s official language.

Book Arabic Phrases For Dummies

Download or read book Arabic Phrases For Dummies written by Amine Bouchentouf and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-03-09 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A portable guide to help you quickly learn common phrases in Modern Standard Arabic Today, Arabic is spoken throughout the Middle East, from Morocco to Iraq. The language of the Koran and Islam, Arabic is also studied by more than one billion people for religious reasons. This practical guide offers help on basic Arabic words and phrases and eases communication with Arabic speakers. Written as a companion to Arabic For Dummies, Arabic Phrases For Dummies provides readers with the tools to converse with others in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) on a basic level. The most widely used and understood form of Arabic in the world, MSA is used in schools, news broadcasts, and other formal settings. If you want to brush up on your Arabic language skills or have little to no experience with the language, this book can help you quickly learn everyday expressions so you can communicate basic information in Arabic. Although Arabic Phrases For Dummies focuses on MSA, this concise book includes examples from regional dialects, the most informal type of Arabic. You'll have many opportunities to practice Arabic language skills in various scenarios: Counting days and money Telling the time Introducing yourself and making small talk Ordering meals and shopping Engaging in leisure or work activities Finding transportation and lodging Taking care of emergencies Additionally, the book has plenty of real-world phrases to illustrate grammatical concepts, and a chapter on proverbs to emphasize the poetic nature of Arabic. To start speaking conversational Arabic, get your copy today.

Book LET s LEARN ARABIC   Basic Arabic Phrases

Download or read book LET s LEARN ARABIC Basic Arabic Phrases written by Kunil Arts and published by . This book was released on 2021-07-12 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LET'S LEARN ARABIC : Basic Arabic Phrases Arabic is super easy!! We'll proof to you in this book!! LET'S LEARN ARABIC : Basic Arabic Phrases features easy basic phrases & colorful pictures and many more! It comes with plenty of simple Arabic phrases that including 16 TOPICS from basic Arabic daily phrases. It can be used for kid from any age level! . This book is 8.5" x 11" (Letter size) and has 34 pages (17 Sheets). Features : 34 pages (17 Sheets). Simple for understanding. Equipped with Arabic latin alphabet. Identify Arabic words and writing correctly. Capable of communicate with these simple phrases. Including 16 Topic for daily Arabic phrases. Cover material : Glossy Measurement : 8.5" x 11" (Letter size). Suitable for : Homeschooling Preschool Kindergarten Nursery Daycare Arabic School Beginner in the Arabic Language

Book A Basic Course in Gulf Arabic

Download or read book A Basic Course in Gulf Arabic written by Hamdi A. Qafisheh and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Valuable for anyone with communicative, linguistic, historical, political, or social interest in the Persian Gulf area. Utilizes the Abu Dhabi dialect of the language spoken in the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, and the eastern provinces of Saudi Arabia.