Download or read book Barter when It s Booming written by Orla Stapleton and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Existing theory suggests barter is peripheral, a remnant of the pre-market era, or called upon when things go wrong. Barter has typically been examined in contexts where the market: has collapsed, is emerging, or is transforming. These contexts suggest barter is a temporary substitute for money until a functioning market has been restored. Comparatively little research exists on bartering among businesses in an established functioning economy. Yet, as I show, barter is embedded in the market economy. Barter is in the tax code. Barter is not something to which people revert, but is part of their economic life. Admittedly, the practical benefits of money over barter have been established. Money standardized the value of products and services, is more efficient, is accepted currency globally, and modernized trade. Surprisingly then, given the option of using money or barter, small-business owners use both. This dissertation therefore asks: why and how do small-business owners barter in the context of a developed, functioning market economy? The study takes place in Midwest College Town. I surveyed 77 small-business owners in the Midwest College Town area and of those, interviewed 47. I draw mainly from four industries: food and beverage, personal care, farming, and construction, but include other sectors. The data reveal that barter among small-business owners is a necessary and symbiotic component of - rather than a substitute for - the market economy. It is an economic and social action, influenced by the context and personal relations of the small-business owner. A challenge in explaining economic action, has been to find the sweet spot between what is "economic" and what is "social" (Granovetter 1992, Granovetter 2017). Traditionally, gift exchange (Kula) has been credited with creating social cohesion (Malinowski 1922, Mauss 1925), while barter (Gimwali) has been dismissed as commodity exchange or relegated to fringe societies or alternative markets (Humphrey and Jones 1992). Barter among small-business owners is an economically purposive action that draws on meaning, symbols and personal relations in the barter interaction. Through this interaction, barter results in social outcomes such as the reification of trust, the creation of social bonds and the emergence of social solidarity.
Download or read book Trade Reform written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trade and Poverty written by Jeffrey G. Williamson and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2011-01-07 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How the rise of globalization over the past two centuries helps explain the income gap between rich and poor countries today. Today's wide economic gap between the postindustrial countries of the West and the poorer countries of the third world is not new. Fifty years ago, the world economic order—two hundred years in the making—was already characterized by a vast difference in per capita income between rich and poor countries and by the fact that poor countries exported commodities (agricultural or mineral products) while rich countries exported manufactured products. In Trade and Poverty, leading economic historian Jeffrey G. Williamson traces the great divergence between the third world and the West to this nexus of trade, commodity specialization, and poverty. Analyzing the role of specialization, de-industrialization, and commodity price volatility with econometrics and case studies of India, Ottoman Turkey, and Mexico, Williamson demonstrates why the close correlation between trade and poverty emerged. Globalization and the great divergence were causally related, and thus the rise of globalization over the past two centuries helps account for the income gap between rich and poor countries today.
Download or read book The Spread of Modern Industry to the Periphery Since 1871 written by Kevin H. O'Rourke and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Ever since the Industrial Revolution of the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries, industrialization has been the key to modern economic growth. The fact that modern industry originated in Britain, and spread initially to north-western Europe and North America, implied a dramatic divergence in living standards between the industrial North (or West) and a non-industrial, or even de-industrializing, South (or Rest). This nineteenth-century divergence, which had profound economic, military, and geopolitical implications, has been studied in great detail by many economists and historians. Today, this divergence between the West and the Rest is visibly unraveling, as economies in Asia, Latin America and even sub-Saharan Africa converge on the rich economies of Europe and North America. This phenomenon, which is set to define the twenty-first century, both economically and politically, has also been the subject of a considerable amount of research. Less appreciated, however, are the deep historical roots of this convergence process, and in particular of the spread of modern industry to the global periphery. This volume fills this gap by providing a systematic, comparative, historical account of the spread of modern manufacturing beyond its traditional heartland, to Southern and Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Asia, Africa, and Latin America, or what we call the poor periphery. It identifies the timing of this convergence, finding that this was fastest in the interwar and post-World War II years, not the more recent miracle growth years. It also identifies which driving forces were common to all periphery countries, and which were not.
Download or read book Marijuana Boom written by Lina Britto and published by University of California Press. This book was released on 2020-03-24 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before Colombia became one of the world’s largest producers of cocaine in the 1980s, traffickers from the Caribbean coast partnered with American buyers in the 1970s to make the South American country the main supplier of marijuana for a booming US drug market, fueled by the US hippie counterculture. How did Colombia become central to the creation of an international drug trafficking circuit? Marijuana Boom is the story of this forgotten history. Combining deep archival research with unprecedented oral history, Lina Britto deciphers a puzzle: Why did the Colombian coffee republic, a model of Latin American representative democracy and economic modernization, transform into a drug paradise, and at what cost?
Download or read book Merchant Sail written by William Armstrong Fairburn and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Incentives and Economic Behaviour written by Rolf Hasse and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2016-09-12 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DIE REIHE: SCHRIFTENREIHE ZU ORDNUNGSFRAGEN DER WIRTSCHAFT herausgegeben von Thomas Apolte, Martin Leschke, Albrecht F. Michler, Christian Müller, Rahel M. Schomaker und Dirk Wentzel Die Reihe diskutiert aktuelle ordnungspolitische und institutionenökonomische Fragestellungen. Durch die methodische Vielfalt richtet sie sich an Fachleute, an die Öffentlichkeit und an die Politikberatung.
Download or read book International Commerce written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 1204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book US Department of State Dispatch written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Coca Boom and Rural Social Change in Bolivia written by Harry Sanabria and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the socioeconomic ramifications of a Bolivian peasant community's progressive incorporation into the international cocaine market
Download or read book The Dutch Century written by Carl Douglass and published by Publication Consultants. This book was released on 2019-12-05 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 17th century belonged to the Dutch and was an exciting era of commerce, discovery, and conflict—above all else, adventure. This first book of the Dutchman Trilogy is about adventure, triumph, conquest, failure, fighting—pirates, rioters, Christians, and Muslims. It is also about young love that became timeless, bonds of friendship that persisted lifetimes, and a raw exposition of what 17th century life and times were really like.
Download or read book China Deconstructs written by David S. G. Goodman and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1994. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book Literary Digest a Repository of Contemporaneous Thought and Research as Presented in the Periodical Literature of the World written by Edward Jewitt Wheeler and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 1068 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Financial Liberalization in Developing Countries written by Abdullahi Dahir Ahmed and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-10-03 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent global ?nancial crisis has made ?nancial liberalization a topic of great academic and practical interest. This book makes new contributions to the topic by combining fact-?nding, empirical analysis, and theory to examine the relationship between ?nancial liberalization and economic growth. Among its contributions, the book provides detailed country assessments on the effects of ?nancial liberalization, including its striking impact on the banking sector. Although an important goal of ?nancial deregulation has been to help ?nancial institutions better perform their role in intermediating resources, the book models how deregulation may fail to achieve that goal in countries with underdeveloped ?nancial markets and institutions. For that purpose, the book draws on actual experience in Kenya, Malawi, Botswana, and Thailand. This book should constitute important reading for students of ?nancial economics, researchers and general academics, ?nancial practitioners, policymakers, and teachers of economics. North Carolina, USA Steven L. Schwarcz December 2008 Stanley A. Star Professor of Law & Business, Duke University Founding Director, Duke Global Capital Markets Center Durham vii Abstract and Preface The latest global ?nancial and economic crisis of 2008 shows the need to - examine the desirability of ?nancial liberalization and the basis for the view that ?nancial deregulation by itself cannot be considered as a substitute for better economic management. The literature on ?nancial liberalization has identi?ed various mechanisms through which removing controls on interest rates may impact economic growth.
Download or read book Fallen From Ashes written by Megan Linski and published by Gryfyn Publishing. This book was released on 2015-10-10 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Love blazes eternal. I am Queen Bennua. I thought war was over once I began my rule, with the Raider Prince at my side as sultan. I was wrong. War has just begun. To some within my kingdom, a woman in power is dangerous, and I have become a target. An unknown enemy with ties to Zahid’s past has risen up against me, erupting a civil war within my nation that shatters all sense of peace. To defeat my newest rival, I’ll have to seek out the god of this world. I must find Alshams, the legendary deity of Sahrahn, and bring the phoenix to my sultanate so that my people may know peace once again. When I find an abandoned lamp, filled with a magically inept djinn who needs a master, it only complicates things. My love for Zahid is strong, but the desert is treacherous, and I am powerless against the wrath of demons, monsters, and the devil himself. If I want this war to end, I have to offer a devastating sacrifice. The greatest pain I have ever known will cause me to fall to ashes. But I will rise from them once again, and the phoenix will take flight as I ignite my foes into flames.
Download or read book Literary Digest written by and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 1148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Literary Digest written by Edward Jewitt Wheeler and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 1188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
