Download or read book Bank of Japan s Quantitative and Credit Easing written by Mr.Ugo Fasano-Filho and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper asks whether the BoJ's recent experience with unconventional monetary easing has been effective in supporting economic activity and inflation. Using a structural VAR model, the paper finds some evidence that BoJ's monetary policy measures during 1998-2010 have had an impact on economic activity but less so on inflation. These results are stronger than those in earlier studies looking at the quantitative easing period up to 2006 and may reflect more effective credit channel as a result of improvements in the banking and corporate sectors. Nevertheless, the relative contribution of monetary policy measures to the variation in output and inflation is rather small.

Download or read book Size and Composition of the Central Bank Balance Sheet written by Shigenori Shiratsuka and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This paper re-examines Japan's experience of the quantitative easing policy in light of the policy responses against the current financial and economic crisis. Central banks use various unconventional measures in the range of financial assets being purchased and in the scale of such purchases. As the scope of such unconventional measures expands, it is often emphasized that the U.S. Federal Reserve policy reactions focus more on the asset side of its balance sheet, the so-called credit easing . By contrast, the Bank of Japan's quantitative easing policy from 2001 to 2006 set a target for the current account balances, the liability side of its balance sheet. It is crucial to understand that central banks combine the two elements of their balance sheets, size and composition, to enhance the overall effects of unconventional policy measures, given constraints on policy implementation.--Author's abstract.

Download or read book Japanese Monetary Policy written by Kenneth J. Singleton and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How has the Bank of Japan (BOJ) helped shape Japan's economic growth during the past two decades? This book comprehensively explores the relations between financial market liberalization and BOJ policies and examines the ways in which these policies promoted economic growth in the 1980s. The authors argue that the structure of Japan's financial markets, particularly restrictions on money-market transactions and the key role of commercial banks in financing corporate investments, allowed the BOJ to influence Japan's economic success. The first two chapters provide the most in-depth English-language discussion of the BOJ's operating procedures and policymaker's views about how BOJ actions affect the Japanese business cycle. Chapter three explores the impact of the BOJ's distinctive window guidance policy on corporate investment, while chapter four looks at how monetary policy affects the term structure of interest rates in Japan. The final two chapters examine the overall effect of monetary policy on real aggregate economic activity. This volume will prove invaluable not only to economists interested in the technical operating procedures of the BOJ, but also to those interested in the Japanese economy and in the operation and outcome of monetary reform in general.

Download or read book Bank of Japan S Monetary Easing Measures written by Mr.Waikei W. Lam and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-11-01 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With policy rates near the zero bound, the Bank of Japan (BoJ) has introduced a series of unconventional monetary easing measures since late 2009 in response to lingering deflation and a weakening economy. These measures culminated in a new Asset Purchase Program under the Comprehensive Monetary Easing (CME) which differs from typical quantitative easing in other central banks by including purchases of risky asset in an effort to reduce term and risk premia. This note assesses the impact of monetary easing measures on financial markets using an event study approach. It finds that the BoJ's monetary easing measures has had a statistically significant impact on lowering bond yields and improving equity prices, but no notable impact on inflation expectations.

Download or read book Quantitative Easing and Japanese Bank Equity Values written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Princes of the Yen written by Richard Werner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-03-04 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eye-opening book offers a disturbing new look at Japan's post-war economy and the key factors that shaped it. It gives special emphasis to the 1980s and 1990s when Japan's economy experienced vast swings in activity. According to the author, the most recent upheaval in the Japanese economy is the result of the policies of a central bank less concerned with stimulating the economy than with its own turf battles and its ideological agenda to change Japan's economic structure. The book combines new historical research with an in-depth behind-the-scenes account of the bureaucratic competition between Japan's most important institutions: the Ministry of Finance and the Bank of Japan. Drawing on new economic data and first-hand eyewitness accounts, it reveals little known monetary policy tools at the core of Japan's business cycle, identifies the key figures behind Japan's economy, and discusses their agenda. The book also highlights the implications for the rest of the world, and raises important questions about the concentration of power within central banks.

Download or read book Quantitative Easing by the Bank of Japan written by Mark Spiegel and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quantitative Easing and Its Impact in the US Japan the UK and Europe written by Kjell Hausken and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-06 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume empirically analyzes the effects of quantitative easing (QE) on interest rates and the economy in the US, Japan, UK and Europe. Using an event-study methodology, the authors find that the measures undertaken by the Federal Reserve and Bank of England, which focus primarily on bond purchases, are much more effective in lowering interest rates than those undertaken by the Bank of Japan and the European Central Bank, which have relied more heavily on lending to private financial institutions. Using large Bayesian vector autoregression (BVAR) models they also analyze the impact of QE on the wider economy. They produce no-QE counterfactual forecasts that are compared with their corresponding baseline forecasts, incorporating the effects of QE on government bond spreads. Despite the failure of stimulating economic activities as a whole, the simulation results suggest that the unconventional monetary policies have a positive influence on industrial production in the US, UK and Japan. The authors’ analysis finds that QE contributes to the reduction in unemployment in the US and Japan, and a rise in inflation-expectations in the US, UK and Euro zone. However, evidence on QE’s effect on house prices, stock prices, consumer confidence, and exchange rate, is mixed and thus inconclusive.

Download or read book Interest Rate Credit and Monetary Policy in a Low Interest Rate Environment written by Chim Man Lau and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation seeks to better understand the unconventional monetary policies that the Federal Reserve and the Bank of Japan have been conducting for the past decade and how these policies influence the markets of government securities, money, and credit. In the first chapter, I study market friction and its implication for the Federal Reserve's quantitative easing policies. Given sufficient market friction, changes in the supply of Treasury securities can affect yields. This research adds to our understanding of the supply effects of quantitative easing because the mechanics of Treasury auctions and the Federal Reserve's implementation of quantitative easing are similar. I examine the slopes of Treasury auction demand based on the bids and the changes in interest rates around the times of Treasury auctions between January 2000 and January 2011. From the implied quantity impact of these estimates, I infer an upper bound on the supply effects of quantitative easing. The finding suggests that quantitative easing is more effective when market frictions are high. Forward guidance is another way a central bank can ease the economy. My second chapter uses the Svensson yield curve model to fit and calculate a measure of policy duration to infer the effects of central bank guidance. Using the policy duration and interest rate time series for both the US and Japan, I attribute their movements to various types of news from newswire reporting. I find that much of the movements from the time series are due to non-central bank events. Monetary policy ultimately seeks to affect the real economy. My final chapter (co-authored with Ulrike Schaede) looks at the real effects of monetary policies in Japan. The Japanese Tankan survey is used to disentangle the change in bank lending and the change in firm borrowing at the industry level. Thus, we can examine how policy variables correlate with trade credit as well as bank lending needs from the 1980s to 2009. We find that the relationship of trade credit and bank loan is different depending on whether firms are constrained on the supply or demand side.

Download or read book Did Quantitative Easing by the Bank of Japan Work written by Mark Spiegel and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book History of Bank of Japan s More Than Two Decades of Unconventional Monetary Easing with Special Emphasis on the Frameworks Pursued in the Last 10 Years written by Pawel Kowalewski and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low inflation hit the Japanese economy shortly after the burst of the bubble in stocks and real estate in 1991 and has haunted the domestic economy ever since. The bubbles were partly attributable to prolonged monetary easing in the second half of 1980s, which was conducted to increase domestic demand and mitigate the recession induced by the appreciation of the Japanese yen. Furthermore, the country was adversely affected by US pressure to reduce trade deficits and resolve the prolonged trade dispute. In the early 1990s, Japan faced sluggish economic growth and low inflation, as well as severe structural financial and corporate sector balance sheet problems. Reflecting global trends regarding providing central banks with operational independence and the lessons learnt from Japan's bubble experience, meanwhile, the Bank of Japan (BOJ) was granted independence under the new 1997 Bank of Japan Act. Japan's economic problems starting from the 1980s also coincided with the period when the global Great Moderation was only it its early stages. The newly independent BOJ, in order not to put its credibility at risk, opted for cautiousness, which proved to be excessive. Not only was there a reversal in the August 2000 rate increase, but the BOJ also launched an unprecedented monetary experiment in 2001 called Quantitative Easing Policy. Moving the main operational target from short-term interest rates to current account balances at the BOJ and supplying sufficient liquidity beyond the required reserves was a milestone in the history of central banking. This shift was accompanied by subsequent novel monetary easing policies that were pursued over the last 20 years. Ever since, the BOJ has become not only a pioneer in pursuing unconventional monetary policies, but also a reference point for other central banks. At this stage, it is difficult to judge the effectiveness and efficiency of the BOJ's policy tools, as achievement of inflation beyond the 2% price stability target since last year is clouded by doubts regarding its sustainability. This paper provides a detailed description of the BOJ's policy, especially under Haruhiko Kuroda's 10-year governorship.

Download or read book The Case For People s Quantitative Easing written by Frances Coppola and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-07-26 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, central banks created trillions of dollars of new money, and poured it into financial markets. ‘Quantitative Easing’ (QE) was supposed to prevent deflation and restore economic growth. But the money didn’t go to ordinary people: it went to the rich, who didn’t need it. It went to big corporations and banks – the same banks whose reckless lending caused the crash. This led to a decade of stagnation, not recovery. QE failed. In this book, Frances Coppola makes the case for a ‘people’s QE’, in which the money goes directly to ordinary people and small businesses. She argues that it is the fairest and most effective way of restoring crisis-hit economies and helping to solve the long-term challenges of ageing populations, automation and climate change.

Download or read book Japan s Great Stagnation written by Michael M. Hutchison and published by CESifo Seminar. This book was released on 2006 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experts on the Japanese economy examine Japan's prolonged period of economic underperformance, analyzing the ways in which the financial system, monetary policy, and international financial factors contributed to its onset and duration. After experiencing spectacular economic growth and industrial development for much of the postwar era, Japan plunged abruptly into recession in the early 1990s and since then has suffered a prolonged period of economic stagnation, from which it is only now emerging. Japan's malaise, marked by recession or weak economic activity, commodity and asset price deflation, banking failures, increased bankruptcies, and rising unemployment, has been the most sustained economic downturn seen in the industrial world since the 1930s. In Japan's Great Stagnation, experts on the Japanese economy consider key questions about the causes and effects of Japan's prolonged period of economic underperformance and what other advanced economies might learn from Japan's experience. They focus on aspects of the financial and banking system that have contributed to economic stagnation, the role of monetary policy, and the importance of international financial factors--in particular, the exchange rate and the balance of payments. Among the topics discussed are bank fragility and the inaccuracy of measuring it by the "Japan premium," the consequences of weak banking regulation, the controversial policy of "quantitative easing," and the effectiveness of currency devaluation for fighting deflation. Taken together, the contributions demonstrate the importance of a sound financial sector in fostering robust growth and healthy economies--and the enormous economic costs of a dysfunctional financial system. Contributors Yoichi Arai, Robert Dekle, Zekeriya Eser, Eiji Fujii, Kimie Harada, Takeo Hoshi, Michael M. Hutchison, Takatoshi Ito, Ken Kletzer, Nikolas Müller-Plantenberg, Kunio Okina, Joe Peek, Eric S. Rosengren, Shigenori Shiratsuka, Mark M. Spiegel, Frank Westermann, Nobuyoshi Yamori

Download or read book Transmission Channels and Welfare Implications of Unconventional Monetary Easing Policy in Japan written by Hiroshi Ugai and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the effects of the Quantitative and Qualitative Monetary Easing Policy (QQE 2013-current) of the Bank of Japan (BOJ) by transmission channels in comparison with those of the Comprehensive Monetary Easing Policy (CE) and the subsequent monetary easing policies (2010-2012), based on the event study using financial market data. As for the QQE under normal market conditions, depreciation of foreign exchange rate in the context of portfolio balance channel functions quite strongly, while as for the CE, signaling channel through the commitment and credit easing channel at the dysfunctional markets work. The direct inflation expectation channel is weak for both QQE and CE, although the QQE has adopted various ways to exert a direct and strong influence on inflation expectation. It can be conjectured that the gradual rise in inflation expectation comes mainly from other channels like the depreciation of the yen.The most crucial characteristic of the QQE is to maximize the potential effects of easing policy by explicitly doubling and later tripling the purchased amount of JGBs and then the monetary base proportionally. The amount of JGB purchases by the BOJ surpasses the issuance amount of JGBs, thereby reducing the outstanding amount of JGBs in the markets. Shortage of safety assets would increase the convenience yield, which itself would reduce the economic welfare and not permeate the yields of other risky assets theoretically. This paper then examines the impact of reduction in JGBs on yield spreads between corporate bonds and JGBs based on money-in-utility type model applied to JGBs, and finds that at least severe scarcity situations of JGBs as safe assets are avoided, since the size of Japan's public debt outstanding is the largest in the world. Even so, the event study shows no clear evidence that the decline in the yield of long-maturity JGBs induced by the QQE permeates the yields of corporate bonds. Recently demands for JGBs have been increasing from both domestic and foreign investors as collaterals after the Global Financial Crisis and from financial institutions that have to correspond to strengthened global liquidity regulation, while the Government of Japan is planning to consolidate the public debts. These recent changes as well as market expectation for future path of JGB amounts should also be taken account of to examine the scarcity of safe assets in case of further massive purchases of JGBs.

Download or read book Misunderstandings and Illusions about Quantitative Easing written by Eiji Fukasawa and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fiscal Cost to Exit Quantitative Easing written by Hiroshi Fujiki and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper simulates the cash flows and balance sheets of the Bank of Japan (BoJ) before and after exiting from Quantitative and Qualitative Monetary Easing (QQE) under various scenarios. The simulations show that the BoJ will record significant accounting losses after exiting QQE. These losses are fiscal costs for the consolidated Japanese government as they represent increased interest expenses to the public and will arise because the BoJ will acquire a large amount of Japanese government bonds at very low interest rates during QQE, whose interest payments will then be insufficient to cover interest expenses on excess reserves after exiting QQE. Moreover, any cumulative accounting losses will ensure the BoJ's net asset position remains negative for a sustained period of time. We also find that the BoJ's accounting losses will increase with the duration of QQE and the interest rate elasticity of banknote demand, and decrease if the BoJ conducts tapering following the ending of QQE. Finally, the effect of tapering will be significantly stronger if there is no safety channel for the long-term interest rate.

Download or read book One Year Under quantitative Easing written by Masaaki Shirakawa and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: