Download or read book Baltic Cluster Report written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-05-08 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper focuses on the Baltic model, Baltic–Nordic links, and convergence. The Baltic countries form a distinct group within a tightly integrated Nordic–Baltic region. They are following similar approaches to economic policy, broadly in line with those of Northern European and the Anglo-Saxon countries. Their macroeconomic policies are generally robust. The paper examines the possible causes of the creditless recoveries in the Baltic countries. It characterizes their experience in comparison with other episodes of creditless recoveries in both advanced and emerging market economies, and also investigates demand and supply constraints to credit expansion in the Baltics.
Download or read book Baltic Cluster Report written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-05-08 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2014 Cluster Consultation report examines common themes and challenges facing the three Baltic countries—Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. It identifies common features and common challenges, and discusses policies—both national and joint—that could help to address these challenges. The Baltic economies have performed well during the last two decades. The global financial crisis exposed vulnerabilities that had built up in the Baltics, but the postcrisis recovery revealed inherent strengths as well. This report highlights that national policies are necessary to address all of the challenges, but collaboration is also important in some areas.
Download or read book Baltic Cluster Report written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-05-08 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2014 Cluster Consultation report examines common themes and challenges facing the three Baltic countries—Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. It identifies common features and common challenges, and discusses policies—both national and joint—that could help to address these challenges. The Baltic economies have performed well during the last two decades. The global financial crisis exposed vulnerabilities that had built up in the Baltics, but the postcrisis recovery revealed inherent strengths as well. This report highlights that national policies are necessary to address all of the challenges, but collaboration is also important in some areas.
Download or read book Baltic Cluster Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Baltic Cluster Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Baltic economies have performed well in the last two decades relative to other transition and emerging market economies, but they face some common challenges calling for national and regional policy responses. These challenges relate to their ability to sustain economic growth going forward, particularly as members (or prospective members) of the euro area. The Baltic economies have all experienced creditless recoveries following the global financial crisis, though with some underlying differences. In Estonia, real credit is no longer contracting. In Latvia and Lithuania, where credit expansion is yet to resume, measures aimed at reducing the private sector debt overhang - such as improvements in insolvency regimes - could spur credit demand, while reducing credit risk and thus encouraging supply. Over the medium term, the Baltic economies could explore initiatives to deepen capital markets and reduce dependence on bank credit. The Baltics aspire to move into high-skill, high value-added, exports in rapidly growing markets, but they are competing with other countries in search of the same markets. National policies to improve education and training would help, but collective efforts to improve infrastructure links to the rest of the European Union are also necessary to improve competitiveness. While labor markets have shown considerable resilience and flexibility, the Baltics appear to be at or near full structural employment but with still high unemployment rates (around 10 percent). This suggests scope for policies to reduce structural employment, including reductions in the labor tax wedge (particularly for lower-wage workers) and emphasis on education, training, and other active labor market policies that have shown cost-effectiveness in the Baltics or their Nordic neighbors"--Abstract.
Download or read book Geo Regional Competitiveness in Central and Eastern Europe the Baltic Countries and Russia written by Zhuplev, Anatoly and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2014-05-31 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The changing dynamics in the European region and beyond, the unfolding political-economic challenges across the European Union, and the rising global power of emerging economic powers require knowledge, skills, and methodological platforms inducing strategies and operations in the new and ever-changing business landscape. Geo-Regional Competitiveness in Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic Countries, and Russia seeks to address East Central Europes (ECE), the Baltics, and Russias increasingly important roles as emerging markets and competitive economic players in the European region. This premier reference work is designated for scholars, professionals, government agencies, think tanks, and other individuals, organizations, and institutions interested in gaining a deeper understanding of the geo-regional strategic business dynamics and landscape involving ECE, the Baltics, and Russia.
Download or read book 2014 Triennial Surveillance Review Staff Background Studies written by International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-07-30 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NULL
Download or read book The Economic Crisis and its Aftermath in the Nordic and Baltic Countries written by Hilmar Hilmarsson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-09-25 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nordic-Baltic region has become highly integrated. The Nordic countries have been successful in balancing competitiveness and economic growth with social inclusiveness, while the Baltic States have grown economically but remain vulnerable with weak social systems and highly unequal income distribution. European Union (EU) membership and inter-linkages with the continental Nordic banking systems appear to have affected the 2008/09 crisis response of the Baltic States. In spite of their strengths, including their social systems, continental Nordic states are faced with a challenging mix of large, cross-border banks and highly indebted households at a time of rather weak global growth. The Baltic States are challenged by slow economic growth post-crisis, security concerns, and large-scale outward migration of the youngest and most highly educated people. It is now a decade since the Baltic States were hit by the global crisis. It is time to take stock of their progress and assess their relations with other countries in the region and with the EU. This book focuses on the Baltics and their Nordic partners pre- and post-crisis: successes, failures, lessons learned, and future challenges, examining and comparing the crisis response of these various small states that enjoy different income levels, operate different welfare and tax systems, and seek different levels of integration with the EU.
Download or read book Seventh Periodic Monitoring Report on the Status of Implementation Plans in Response to Board Endorsed IEO Recommendations written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-04-09 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Seventh PMR includes: (i) a discussion of progress made over the last year on the actions corresponding to four Management Implementation Plans (MIPs) that were classified as still “in progress” in the previous PMR; and (ii) an assessment of the progress made in achieving the high-level objectives in three areas directly related to those MIPs. In addition, an update on substantive issues related to five older MIPs agreed since 2007 is provided at the end of the report. Three new evaluations have been completed by the IEO since March 2014. In July and August 2015, Management issued the MIPs in response to these evaluations. Given that only a short time has passed since their completion, progress in addressing the actions contemplated in those MIPs will be discussed in the next PMR.
Download or read book European Yearbook of International Economic Law 2016 written by Marc Bungenberg and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-16 with total page 847 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 7 of the EYIEL focusses on critical perspectives of international economic law. Recent protests against free trade agreements such as the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) remind us that international economic law has always been a politically and legally contested field. This volume collects critical contributions on trade, investment, financial and other subfields of international economic law from scholars who have shaped this debate for many years. The critical contributions to this volume are challenged and sometimes rejected by commentators who have been invited to be “critical with the critics”. The result is a unique collection of critical essays accompanied by alternative and competing views on some of the most fundamental topics of international economic law. In its section on regional developments, EYIEL 7 addresses recent megaregional and plurilateral trade and investment agreements and negotiations. Short insights on various aspects of the Transpacific Partnership (TPP) and its sister TTIP are complemented with comments on other developments, including the African Tripartite FTA und the negotiations on a plurilateral Trade in Services Agreement (TiSA). Further sections address recent WTO and investment case law as well as recent developments concerning the IMF, UNCTAD and the WCO. The volume closes with reviews of recent books in international economic law.
Download or read book International Monetary Fund Annual Report 2015 written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-10-01 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past year has been a time of unexpected challenges for the international community. Amid the continued focus on spurring stronger and more inclusive growth and strengthening global cooperation, the IMF faced economic developments that required rapid adjustments. Highlights of the IMF’s work during the year included insight into the international impact of falling oil prices, financing and policy advice for countries in difficulties, emergency funding to combat the Ebola crisis in West Africa, a new relief fund for the poor and most vulnerable countries hit by natural or public health disasters, research on fiscal policy to reduce inequality, free online training for the public and government officials, and online statistical data free of charge for all users. This report covers the work of the IMF’s Executive Board and contains financial statements for the year May 1, 2014, to April 30, 2015. It describes the IMF’s support for its 188 member countries, with an emphasis on the core areas of IMF responsibility.
Download or read book Handbook of European Homicide Research written by Marieke C. A. Liem and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-17 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive work provides a sourcebook of information about the substantive, methodological, and policy-oriented aspects of homicide research in Europe. Part one of this work covers the most recent substantive and methodological information about European homicide research. The second part will contains detailed case studies on homicide research in 15-20 individual European nations. This work will be both conceptual and practical. conceptual and practical. Conceptual aspects will focus on theoretical frameworks and patterns and trends of violence in Europe. Practical aspects will examine the results of empirical research, topics relating to different data sources and the variation of legal definitions of violence throughout Europe, and policy issues relating to variation in homicide prevention and punishment of homicide offenders throughout Europe. This handbook will not only provide an up-to-date reference that brings together known information, but will also offer previously unpublished comprehensive literature reviews and original research findings. The editors’ distinctive approach is to provide readers with an English-language central source of information about the voluminous literature on European homicide research that is currently spread widely in dozens of different European and American journals.
Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys Latvia 2015 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2015-02-25 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This OECD Economic Survey of Latvia examines recent economic developments, policies and prospects. Special chapters cover improving public sector efficiency and raising productivity.
Download or read book Republic of Latvia written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-06-16 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this paper is to examine selected issues related to Latvia’s economic development. Latvia experienced a large macroeconomic adjustment in the aftermath of the crisis in 2007. The adjustment was characterized by internal devaluation via a combination of wage restraint and productivity gains. Latvia’s creditless recovery has taken unusually long to turn compared to international experience. Although lack of credit has not undermined recovery so far, support from the financial sector will be crucial for its continuation going forward. Emphasis on resuscitating credit growth is key to maintaining recovery. Focus should be on facilitating access to credit for small- and medium-sized enterprises and first-time borrowers, where market failures are the largest.
Download or read book Republic of Latvia written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-08-23 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selected Issues
Download or read book Republic of Belarus written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-12-18 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper considers the relatively low level of diversification of Belarusian exports relative to peers, and barriers to higher export potential. Belarus faces different trade regimes vis-à-vis its largest trading partner, Russia, in the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU); and its second-largest, the European Union (EU). The paper discusses tariff and nontariff barriers within the EEU; the more restrictive trade relations with the EU; and other potential barriers to trade, including logistics and limited trade facilitation. WTO accession would help improve export competitiveness. Further EEU integration could also boost trade potential, but with the attendant risk that trading links become more concentrated rather than diversified. Belarus’s largest revealed comparative advantages are in areas where it is difficult to move into new products. Belarus’s trade patterns are significantly more concentrated than those of peer countries. Belarus has lowered tariffs in recent years, including in the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU).
Download or read book Banking on Markets written by Rachel A. Epstein and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: States and banks have traditionally maintained close ties. At various points in time, states have used banks to manage their economies and soak up government debt, while banks enjoyed regulatory forbearance, restricted competition, and implicit or explicit guarantees from their home markets. The political foundations of banks have thus been powerful and enduring, with actors on both sides of the aisle reluctant to sever relations. The central argument of this book, however, is that in the world's largest integrated market, Europe, the traditional political ties between states and banks have been transformed. Specifically, through a combination of post-communist transition, monetary union, and economic crisis, states in Europe no longer wield preponderant influence over their banks. Banking on Markets explains why we have witnessed the radical denationalization of this politically vital sector, as well as the consequences for economic volatility and policy autonomy. The findings in Europe have implications for other world regions, which, to varying degrees, have also experienced intensified pressure on their traditional models of domestic political control over finance. Through an investigation of foreign bank behavior in economic crises, the developmental consequences of political control over banks and the emergence of European Banking Union in the Eurozone, the book advances three main findings. First is that foreign bank ownership need not necessarily lead to economic vulnerability of host states. Second is that marketized bank-state ties do, however, limit pathways to catching up in the global economy. And third is that European Banking Union has strengthened the euro's credibility while cutting down substantially on Eurozone member states' economic policy discretion. This book details the intense political struggles that have underpinned all three outcomes.
