Download or read book Balancing Between T Cell Tolerance and Immunity written by Linda Diehl and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Balancing Between Immunity and Tolerance written by Nathalie Cools and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past 10 years, important progress has been made in the field of immunology, leading to a better notion of the relationship between the immune system and disease. While new immunotherapeutic efforts pave the way for the treatment of old diseases, understanding the biology, function and mechanisms of immune cell populations is of utmost concern for the development and optimisation of cellular immune therapies for the induction of effective immune responses in cancer and chronic infections on the one hand, and for the induction of T cell tolerance in autoimmune disorders and transplantation on the other hand. With the data presented in this book, we believe to have contributed to the knowledge on the role of immune effector cells, such as dendritic cells, in maintaining the subtle balance between immunity and tolerance. The data presented clearly open up new avenues in order to improve dendritic cell-based immunotherapies for immune stimulation and tolerance and should be especially usefull to professionals in immunology or anyone else interested in cell-based therapies.
Download or read book Tuning Immune Responses written by Li-Fan Lu and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Balancing Between Immunity and Tolerance written by Nathalie Cools and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Janeway s Immunobiology written by Kenneth Murphy and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.
Download or read book The Balance Between Immunity and Tolerance Determines the Outcome of H Pylori Infection written by Isabelle Catherine Arnold and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Respiratory Syncytial Virus Triggers Immune Tolerance Through Induction of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells and Expansion of Regulatory T Cells written by Haisu Guo and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dendritic cells have the ability to control the balance between immunity and tolerance. Upon viral exposure, dendritic cells (DCs) steadily detect pathogens and exert their antigen presentation function to induce adaptive T cell response. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is an important respiratory pathogen in infants and young children worldwide. Here we show that RSV exposure polarizes DC maturation to a tolerogenic state. RSV exposed DCs (RSV-DCs) are unable to prime allogeneic CD4+ T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Strikingly, RSV exposed DCs are able to efficiently inhibit on-going Mixed Leukocyte Reaction (MLR) in trans. Phenotypic characterization of RSV-DCs indicates that they express a variety of surface inhibitory molecules and secrete high amount of the cytokine IL-10. Autocrine IL-10 receptor signaling is required for tolerogenic conversion. A direct comparison with pharmacologically generated tolerogenic DCs indicates RSV-DCs are much more potent at inhibiting CD4+ T cell alloproliferation. Furthermore, we find that RSV-DCs propagate their tolerogenic signal through expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs). RSV-DCs induce the selective expansion of CD4+/CD25+/FoxP3+/CTLA+/GITR+ Tregs in the bulk T cell population. These Tregs are able to inhibit on-going MLR in trans, indicating their functional potency. An analysis of the non-proliferating target CD4+ T cells indicates that they are in a state of phenotypic and functional anergy. These T cells express anergy markers and are unresponsive to secondary anti-CD3/CD28 restimulation. Interaction of B7 negative co-stimualtor PD-L1 and its receptor PD-1 are required for Treg expansion and function as blockade led to a reversal of anergy induction in the target population. These in vitro observations led us to investigate the impact of RSV-DCs on immune tolerance in vivo. We did preliminary studies demonstrating RSV exposure induces BALB/c bone marrow derived DCs (BM-DCs) tolerogenic characterized by inhibition of C57BL/6 CD4 T cell alloproliferation and upregulation of mouse PD-L1 molecule. Similarly to what we observed in human cells, RSV-mouse DCs are able to expand a population of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. These cells with immune suppressive function can then be adoptively transferred into murine models of autoimmune diseases and organ transplantion to suppress antigen-specific immune activation in vivo.
Download or read book Vaccine Safety Forum written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-08-10 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On November 6, 1995, the Institute of Medicine's Vaccine Safety Forum convened a workshop on detecting and responding to adverse events following vaccination. Workshop speakers and participants discussed the difficulties in detecting adverse events, current adverse events detection and response methods and procedures, suggestions for improving the means of detecting and responding to adverse events following vaccination, and future areas of research. This document represents a summary of that workshop.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Immune Regulation written by Richard D. Granstein and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 1994 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the topics reviewed are T and B cell tolerance, clonal deletion, suppressor cells, mechanisms of immune privileged sites and experimental models of tumor immunity. Oral tolerance, ultraviolet radiation and photosensitized effects on immunity, allograft management, T cell vaccination and regulation of immunity with T cell epitopes are discussed from the point of view of possible therapeutic application.
Download or read book Immune Regulation written by Marc Feldmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leukocyte culture conferences have a long pedigree. This volume records some of the scientific highlights of the 16th such annual con ference, and is a witness to the continuing evolution and popularity of leukocyte culture and of immunology. There is strong evidence of the widening horizons of immunology, both technically, with the obviously major impact of molecular biology into our understanding of cellular processes, and also conceptually. Traditionally, the 'proceedings' of these conferences have been published. But have the books produced really recorded the major part of the conference, the informal, friendly, but intense and some times heated exchanges that take place between workers in tackling very similar problems and systems and which are at the heart of every successful conference? Unfortunately this essence cannot be incorpo rated by soliciting manuscripts. For this reason, we have changed the format of publication, retaining published versions of the symposium papers, but requesting the workshop chairmen to produce a summary of the major new observations and areas of controversy highlighted in their sessions, as a vehicle for defining current areas of interest and debate. Not an easy task, as the workshop topics were culled from the abstracts submitted by the participants, rather than being on predefined topics. The unseasonal warmth in Cambridge was reflected in the atmos phere of the conference, the organization of which benefited from the administrative skills of Jean Bacon, Philippa Wells, Mr. Peter Irving, and Mrs.
Download or read book Nutrition and Immunity written by Maryam Mahmoudi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-30 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides readers with a systematic assessment of current literature on the link between nutrition and immunity. Chapters cover immunonutrition topics such as child development, cancer, aging, allergic asthma, food intolerance, obesity, and chronic critical illness. It also presents a thorough review of microflora of the gut and the essential role it plays in regulating the balance between immune tolerance and inflammation. Written by experts in the field, Nutrition and Immunity helps readers to further understand the importance of healthy dietary patterns in relation to providing immunity against disorders and offering readily available immunonutritional programming in clinical care. It will be a valuable resource for dietitians, immunologists, endocrinologists and other healthcare professionals.
Download or read book CD4 CD25 Regulatory T Cells Origin Function and Therapeutic Potential written by B. Kyewski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-09 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vertebrate immune system defends the organism against invading pathogens while at the same time being self-tolerant to the body’s own constituents thus preserving its integrity. Multiple mechanisms work in concert to ensure self-tolerance. Apart from purging the T cell repertoire from auto-reactive T cells via negative selection in the thymus dominant tolerance exerted by regulatory T cells plays a major role in tolerance imposition and maintenance. Among the various regulatory/suppressive cells hitherto described, CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and interleukin-10 producing T regulatory 1 (Tr1) cells have been studied in most detail and are the subject of most articles in this issue. Treg, also called "natural" regulatory T cells, will be traced from their intra-thymic origin to the site of their action in peripheral lymphoid organs and tissues. The repertoire of Treg is clearly biased towards recognition of self-antigens, thereby potentially preventing autoimmune diseases such as gastritis and oophoritis. Regulatory T cells, however also control infections, allergies and tolerance to transplanted tissues and this requires their induction in the periphery under conditions which are not yet fully understood. The concept of dominant tolerance, by far not novel, will offer new insights and hopefully tools for the successful treatment of autoimmune diseases, improved cancer immunotherapy and transplant survival. The fulfillment of these high expectations will, however, require their unambiguous identification and a better understanding of their mode of action.
Download or read book Signals Required for the Induction of Antigen based Therapeutic Tolerance written by Joanne Elizabeth Konkel and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the actions of central tolerance during thymic selection, it is clear that the peripheral T cell repertoire contains significant numbers of self-reactive T cells. The immune system needs to curtail the risk of autoimmune disease by controlling the activity of these self-reactive T cells. Various mechanisms are in place to achieve this control (peripheral tolerance). Activation of CD4+ T cells requires two signals; engagement of the T cell receptor (TCR) with an appropriate peptide:MHC complex (signal 1), and the aggregate effect of multiple signals generated following ligation of costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules (signal 2). Both signals are required for the generation of a productive T cell response and both are provided by the professional antigen presenting cell, the dendritic cell (DC). T cells are fully activated upon receiving both signal 1 and 2, but are rendered tolerant when they receive only signal 1. This can be exploited therapeutically through the administration of peptides to induce tolerance in peptidereactive T cells. Administration of peptide with an adjuvant provides both signal 1 and 2, and leads to a sustained T cell response against the administered peptide (immunity). However, if the same peptide is administered in soluble form, only signal 1 is provided, leading to the establishment of T cell tolerance. The studies in this thesis explore the role of both signal 1 and signal 2 in peptide-induced T cell tolerance. Previous data from our laboratory have highlighted PD-1 and RANKL as costimulatory molecules which could play a role in peptide-induced T cell tolerance. Here we show that PD-1, an important coinhibitory molecule, plays a vital role in restraining peripheral T cell expansion under conditions leading to T cell immunity. However, in contrast to data from other studies, we demonstrate that PD-1 plays no role in the induction, establishment or maintenance of peptide-induced T cell tolerance. We show that the costimulatory receptor ligand pair RANK:RANKL plays a role in the balance between T cell tolerance and immunity; as administration of anti-RANKL was seen to potentiate both tolerance and immunity. We also explored the effect of altering the affinity of a peptide for MHC on the induction of peptide tolerance. We demonstrate that use of a peptide with a high-affinity for MHC induces tolerance via a novel, non-deletional mechanism of peptide-tolerance induction. Importantly, we show that the high-affinity peptide can form peptide- MHC complexes which persist in a biologically relevant form for fourteen days following peptide administration. We suggest that this leads to chronic stimulation of peptide-reactive T cells which promotes acquisition of a novel tolerant phenotype. Collectively the work described in this thesis demonstrates the important roles both signal 1 and 2 play in therapeutic-tolerance induction and how the qualitative and quantitative alteration of these signals can alter T cell fate and/or responsiveness.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation VIII written by Sudhir Gupta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in biochemistry, cell biology, genome-wide mutagenesis - coupled with molecular technology, including gene microarray and transgenic and knock-out animals - have been instrumental in understanding the cellular processes and molecular pathways of self-tolerance and autoimmune diseases. The molecular definition of these pathways and processes has led to novel treatments for certain auto-immune diseases that are based on the pathogenesis of diseases rather than on broad-spectrum immunosuppression. This book reviews many of these current developments and proposes future novel approaches for understanding the pathogenesis of auto-immune diseases and designing novel therapy. This book covers three major areas of auto-immunity: the basic mechanisms of immunological tolerance, pathogenesis of auto-immune diseases, and some novel therapies. This book should be useful for immunologists, molecular biologists, rheumatologists, and clinical scientists.
Download or read book Frontiers in Transplantology written by Hesham Abdeldayem and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-09-07 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is addressed to researchers, practicing physicians, and surgeons in the field of organ transplantation, as well as the medical students, residents, and fellows. The topics covered include the religious concepts in organ transplantation, embryonic organ transplantation, tolerance, normothermic graft perfusion, pharmacogenetics of immunosuppressors, viral transmission in organ transplantation, pediatric and split-liver transplantation, portopulmonary hypertension, mechanical circulatory support, ex vivo lung perfusion, and ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation.
Download or read book Autophagy Biology and Diseases written by Zheng-Hong Qin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-27 with total page 727 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book series consists of 3 volumes covering the basic science (Volume 1), clinical science (Volume 2) and the technology and methodology (Volume 3) of autophagy. Volume 1 focuses on the biology of autophagy, including the signaling pathways, regulating processes and biological functions. Autophagy is a fundamental physiological process in eukaryotic cells. It not only regulates normal cellular homeostasis, and organ development and function, but also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of human diseases. Thanks to the rapid development of molecular biology and omic technologies, research on autophagy has boomed in recent decades, and more and more cellular and animal models and state-of the-art technologies are being used to shed light on the complexity of signaling networks involved in the autophagic process. Further, its involvement in biological functions and the pathogenesis of various diseases has attracted increased attention around the globe. Presenting cutting-edge knowledge, this book series is a useful reference resource for researchers and clinicians who are working on or interested in autophagy.
