Download or read book B Cell Biology in Autoimmunity written by David Ahmad Nemazee and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: B cells play a central role not only in adaptive immunity, but also in autoimmunity. To understand how B cells are normally prevented from reacting to self-tissue, what goes wrong in autoimmunity, and how B cells contribute to it is the aim of this book. This volume includes more than a dozen in-depth reviews by researchers specializing in various aspects of basic B cell biology that have relevance to autoimmune diseases. These up-to-date chapters present the latest information on B cell signal transduction, apoptosis, genetics and molecular biology. Also featured are chapters with special reference to particular autoimmune diseases in which B cells have been shown to play a critical role, such as type 1 diabetes, chronic graft-versus-host disease and lupus erythematosus. Further topics covered include the role of the complement system, rheumatoid factors, and anti-DNA autoantibodies as well as important related areas such as natural autoantibodies, B cell immune tolerance, Toll receptor signaling, and the immunobiology of BAFF/BLyS. Both basic researchers and clinician scientists who wish to understand the role of B lymphocytes in immune tolerance and autoimmunity will benefit from this timely publication.
Download or read book B Cell Trophic Factors and B Cell Antagonism in Autoimmune Disease written by William Stohl and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The understanding of B cell biology has increased and expanded enormously in the last three decades. It is now known that B cells, in addition to just differentiating into antibody-secreting cells, serve many other vital functions. For example, their roles as antigen-presenting cells and cytokine-producing cells as well as effector cells and regulatory cells are well appreciated now. Indeed, the pathologic role of B cells in many autoimmune disorders may be largely autoantibody-independent. Today, the B cell is of considerable interest not only to immunologists but also to mainstream clinicians and scientists. The current volume covers the latest information on the functions of B cells in normal and disease states, and their therapeutic antagonism. Chapters cover cutting-edge topics from the basic to the clinical, including B cells in infection and autoimmunity, CD19-CD21 signal transduction complex, marginal zone B cell physiology and disease, B cell growth and differentiation, their role in rheumatoid arthritis, SLE treatment, the BAFF/APRIL system and B lymphocyte malignancies. This book is recommended reading for cellular and molecular immunologists as well as for rheumatologists, hematologists and clinical immunologists, and all those interested in human diseases in which B cells play an important contributory role.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of B Cells written by Tasuku Honjo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-10-09 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition is a comprehensive reference to how B cells are generated, selected, activated and engaged in antibody production. All of these developmental and stimulatory processes are described in molecular, immunological, and genetic terms to give a clear understanding of complex phenotypes. Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition offers an integrated view of all aspects of B cells to produce a normal immune response as a constant, and the molecular basis of numerous diseases due to B cell abnormality. The new edition continues its success with updated research on microRNAs in B cell development and immunity, new developments in understanding lymphoma biology, and therapeutic targeting of B cells for clinical application. With updated research and continued comprehensive coverage of all aspects of B cell biology, Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition is the definitive resource, vital for researchers across molecular biology, immunology and genetics. Covers signaling mechanisms regulating B cell differentiation Provides information on the development of therapeutics using monoclonal antibodies and clinical application of Ab Contains studies on B cell tumors from various stages of B lymphocytes Offers an integrated view of all aspects of B cells to produce a normal immune response
Download or read book Molecular Biology of B Cells written by Tasuku Honjo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-02-19 with total page 629 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Biology of B Cells is a comprehensive reference to how B cells are generated, selected, activated and engaged in antibody production. All these developmental and stimulatory processes are described in molecular and genetic terms to give a clear understanding of complex phenotyes. The molecular basis of many diseases due to B cell abnormality is also discussed. This definitive reference is directed at research level immunologists, molecular biologists and geneticists.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation XI written by Sudhir Gupta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-21 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, major developments have increased understanding of various genetic and epigenetic regulatory processes that are critical for the generation of B cell repertoires. These include the role of chromatin regulation and nuclear organization in understating the IgH gene regulation. These proceedings highlight recent developments in lymphocyte development, Ig gene rearrangements and somatic hypermutation, chromatin structure modification, B lymphocyte signaling and fate, receptor editing, and autoimmunity.
Download or read book Drugs Targeting B Cells in Autoimmune Diseases written by Xavier Bosch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed overview of B-cell directed therapies in patients with rheumatic and systemic autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, ANCA-associated vasculitis and cryoglobulinemia. Organ-specific autoimmune diseases are discussed with respect to the use of B-cell directed therapies in neurological autoimmune diseases and autoimmune cytopenias. Situations in which B-cell targeted therapy may be indicated are identified, thereby offering comprehensive support for therapeutic decisions on the basis of the latest published evidence. The book also offers a valuable reference tool for rheumatologists, internists, nephrologists, immunologists, and all specialists involved in the multidisciplinary care of patients with rheumatic and systemic autoimmune diseases.
Download or read book B Cells in Immunity and Tolerance written by Ji-Yang Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-22 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains twelve chapters contributed by prestigious international experts who are at the forefront of B cell research, and aims to provide a cutting-edge and comprehensive overview of all aspects of B cells, including B cell development, maturation and activation, germinal center reaction, memory and plasma cell differentiation, and antibody-mediated positive and negative regulation of humoral immune responses. There are also three chapters describing human diseases caused by B cell abnormalities, including primary antibody deficiencies, autoimmune diseases, and B cell malignancies. We hope that this book will become a standard and routine reference for both basic researchers and clinicians.
Download or read book B Cell Protocols written by Hua Gu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-04 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: B-lymphocyte development and function remains an exciting area of research for those interested in the physiology and pathology of the immune system in higher animals. While recent advances in genetics and cellular and molecular biology have provided a large spectrum of powerful new experimental tools in this field, it is both time consuming and often very difficult for a student or just any bench-side worker to identify a reliable experimental protocol in the ocean of the literature. The aim of B Cell Protocols is to provide a collection of diverse protocols ranging from the latest inventions and applications to some classic, but still frequently used methods in B-cell biology. The authors of the various chapters are all highly qualified scientists who are either the inventors or expert users of these methods. Their extensive experience in mastering a particular method provides not only the step-by-step details of a reproducible protocol, but also useful troubleshooting tips that readers will appreciate in their daily work. We hope that this book will be helpful for both beginning and experienced researchers in the field in designing or modifying an experimental approach, and exploring a biological question from multiple angles.
Download or read book Janeway s Immunobiology written by Kenneth Murphy and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.
Download or read book B Cell Receptor Signaling written by Tomohiro Kurosaki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-26 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume details our current understanding of the architecture and signaling capabilities of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) in health and disease. The first chapters review new insights into the assembly of BCR components and their organization on the cell surface. Subsequent contributions focus on the molecular interactions that connect the BCR with major intracellular signaling pathways such as Ca2+ mobilization, membrane phospholipid metabolism, nuclear translocation of NF-kB or the activation of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase and MAP kinases. These elements orchestrate cytoplasmic and nuclear responses as well as cytoskeleton dynamics for antigen internalization. Furthermore, a key mechanism of how B cells remember their cognate antigen is discussed in detail. Altogether, the discoveries presented provide a better understanding of B cell biology and help to explain some B cell-mediated pathogenicities, like autoimmune phenomena or the formation of B cell tumors, while also paving the way for eventually combating these diseases.
Download or read book TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF B CELL RESPONSES IN PROTECTION AND AUTOIMMUNITY written by Adam James Fike and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humoral immunity plays a pivotal role in both protective and autoimmune responses. Following a vaccination or pathogenic challenge, B lymphocytes respond by differentiating through germinal center (GC) or extrafollicular (EF) pathways to ultimately become antibody forming cells, which produce antibodies to protect the host. In autoimmune diseases, like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), these pathways become dysregulated which allows autoreactive B cells to produce antibodies against self-antigen. Thus, deciphering the transcriptional networks that regulate protective and aberrant responses in autoimmune diseases is paramount to guiding insights for new vaccines or therapeutics for autoimmune conditions. The GC is a site of B cell evolution and is the dominant source of high-affinity long lived plasma cells (LLPCs). GCs are canonically organized into two distinct niches, the dark (DZ) and light (LZ) zone. A bottle neck for the selection of high-affinity B cells within the GC is at the T cell-mediated selection stage in the light zone (LZ) of the GC. STAT3 is a transcription factor activated by several cytokines and signals critical to B cell biology and has a known role in plasma cell maturation. How STAT3 influences the GC reaction remains incompletely understood. Using numerous stage-specific and inducible B cell intrinsic systems, we determined that STAT3 is not required for the initiation or maintenance of a GC reaction, but rather is required for the zonal organization of the GC. STAT3-deficient GCs have an expansion of the LZ and reduction of the DZ. STAT3 exerts its functions independent of any effects on proliferation, cell cycle progression, DNA damage, or apoptosis. Further, we identified that STAT3 is not required for memory B cell (MBC) formation or the initial progression towards a plasma cell but is required for post-GC PC maturation. We discovered that STAT3 is activated in the LZ of the GC in a T-dependent manner, which permits STAT3 to orchestrate the transcriptional program required for LZ GC B cells to progress into DZ GC B cells. We next sought to delineate the functions of another STAT transcription factor, STAT4, in regulating SLE and Th1-mediated B cell responses. STAT4 has been suggested to be involved in autoimmune and protective B cell responses, but its exact contribution remains undefined. Further, numerous GWAS identified polymorphisms in or near the Stat4 locus in SLE patients. To examine the role of STAT4 in the regulation of B cell responses in SLE-like autoimmunity, we investigated the effects of STAT4 deficiency in three autoimmune- or lupus-prone mouse models: Fc[gamma]RIIB-/-, B6.Sle1b, and imiquimod treated B6.Sle1b.We found no significant effects of STAT4 on autoimmune B and T cell responses, and SLE-like autoimmunity. We next investigated if STAT4 deficiency impacted B cell responses to immunization or influenza viral infection. Again, we identified no significant impact on B or T cell responses in the absence of STAT4. From these results, we conclude that STAT4 is not required for autoimmune or protective B cell responses. Finally, B cell responses in SLE are heavily dependent upon Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) signaling. TLR7 activation results in the activation of several transcription factors, including interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7). IRF7 has been generally suspected to be involved in promoting autoimmunity, but its functions in various immune cells remain unexplored. We utilized mouse models of SLE autoimmunity and scRNAseq to delineate the mechanisms by which IRF7 in B cells drives autoimmune B cell differentiation into GC B cells and autoantibody producing antibody forming cells (AFC). Specifically, IRF7 regulates activated B cell differentiation into GC and antibody forming cell (AFC) pathways during an autoimmune response by controlling the metabolic and transcriptional program required for differentiation. These findings highlight the critical involvement of IRF7 as a primary driver of dysregulated B cell responses in systemic autoimmunity. Collectively, the findings presented in this body of work advance in our understanding of the transcriptional control of protective and autoimmune B cell responses.
Download or read book Autoimmunity written by Moncef Zouali and published by Springer. This book was released on 1994 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book B Cells written by Robert L. Montes and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: B cells belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes, making them a vital part of the immune system. The human body makes millions of different types of B cells each day that circulate in the blood and lymphatic system performing the role of immune surveillance. They do not produce antibodies until they become fully activated. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the molecular biology, developmental origin and impact on the immune system of B cells. Topics discussed include the role of B cells in intracellular bacterial pathogen infections; dynamic clustering of BCR-lipid rafts in antigen affinity discrimination by B cells; and B cells as a key player in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
Download or read book BLyS Ligands and Receptors written by Michael P. Cancro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-18 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discovery of the BLyS (also known as BAFF) family of ligands and receptors has yielded a paradigm shift in our view of B-lymphocyte selection, survival, activation, and homeostasis. Previously, the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) was viewed as the sole mediator of these parameters, in which BCR signals were not only dominant but were also linearly related to consequent outcomes. However, appreciating that BLyS signaling is an equal partner in establishing and maintaining B-cell pools in- cated that additional regulatory complexity – apparently based on population density and homeostatic demands – had to be included in models of B-cell behavior. This mounting interest was ampli?ed by evidence of a clear relationship to autoim- nity. The resulting ?urry of research activity has yielded a wealth of information and insights, impacting basic concepts in B-cell tolerance and activation as well as revealing novel translational strategies for autoimmunity, neoplasia, and transplant tolerance. This book includes 12 chapters that together yield an overview of these advances and ideas. The initial excitement generated by associations with humoral autoimmunity, coupled with profound B lineage phenotypes in knockout mouse models, prompted immediate questions: What do these receptors and cytokines look like, how do they interact, what cells express them, and how does this inform our understating of their biology? Indeed, probing the structural features of BLyS family ligands and rec- tors has afforded substantial insight, as have studies directed toward understanding the basic biological actions of these molecules.
Download or read book Cell Biology of the B Cell Receptor written by Hidde Ploegh and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-16 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Immunology, a long-established and highly respected publication, presents current developments as well as comprehensive reviews in immunology. Articles address the wide range of topics that comprise immunology, including molecular and cellular activation mechanisms, phylogeny and molecular evolution, and clinical modalities. Edited and authored by the foremost scientists in the field, each volume provides up-to-date information and directions for the future. Contributions from leading authorities Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
Download or read book Innovative Medicine written by Kazuwa Nakao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-13 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to innovative medicine, comprising the proceedings of the Uehara Memorial Foundation Symposium 2014. It remains extremely rare for the findings of basic research to be developed into clinical applications, and it takes a long time for the process to be achieved. The task of advancing the development of basic research into clinical reality lies with translational science, yet the field seems to struggle to find a way to move forward. To create innovative medical technology, many steps need to be taken: development and analysis of optimal animal models of human diseases, elucidation of genomic and epidemiological data, and establishment of “proof of concept”. There is also considerable demand for progress in drug research, new surgical procedures, and new clinical devices and equipment. While the original research target may be rare diseases, it is also important to apply those findings more broadly to common diseases. The book covers a wide range of topics and is organized into three complementary parts. The first part is basic research for innovative medicine, the second is translational research for innovative medicine, and the third is new technology for innovative medicine. This book helps to understand innovative medicine and to make progress in its realization.
Download or read book Antibody Fc written by Elizabeth R. Walsh and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-08-06 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of the ever-increasing number of pathogenic organisms and their rapid mutation rates, the humoral immune system must have the ability to adapt and change along with evolving pathogens. The ability to rearrange germline antibody receptors during B-cell development and then modify these receptors in germinal centers is a means of ensuring that the antibody repertoire diversifies to be able to expunge a broad range of pathogens. However, the randomness of the mechanisms involved in diversifying the antibody repertoire can also generate specificities that attack the host. Because of this, strict regulation of B-cell development and activation is utilized to maintain humoral self tolerance. In this chapter, we broadly overview B-cell biology and the mechanisms used to introduce diversity into the antibody repertoire. We also discuss checkpoints that occur during development that ensure maintenance of self-tolerance. Finally, we discuss the special role that the inhibitory Fc receptor, FcγRIIB, plays in maintaining humoral tolerance.
