Download or read book The Limits of Matter written by Hjalmar Fors and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2015-01-06 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Europeans raised a number of questions about the nature of reality and found their answers to be different from those that had satisfied their forebears. They discounted tales of witches, trolls, magic, and miraculous transformations and instead began looking elsewhere to explain the world around them. In The Limits of Matter, Hjalmar Fors investigates how conceptions of matter changed during the Enlightenment and pins this important change in European culture to the formation of the modern discipline of chemistry. Fors reveals how, early in the eighteenth century, chemists began to view metals no longer as the ingredients for “chrysopoeia”—or gold making—but as elemental substances, or the basic building blocks of matter. At the center of this emerging idea, argues Fors, was the Bureau of Mines of the Swedish State, which saw the practical and profitable potential of these materials in the economies of mining and smelting. By studying the chemists at the Swedish Bureau of Mines and their networks, and integrating their practices into the wider European context, Fors illustrates how they and their successors played a significant role in the development of our modern notion of matter and made a significant contribution to the modern European view of reality.
Download or read book Transnational Cultures of Expertise written by Lothar Schilling and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-09-23 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building on the new critical historiography about the evolution of the European state, the book analyses how administrators, scientists, popular publicists and other actors tried to redefine the realms of state action in the "Sattelzeit" (Koselleck). By focussing on the specific strategies of these actors and on the transnational circulation and dissemination of state related knowledge itself, the contributors of the book highlight the fluidity and the interconnections of the European debate in the crucial period of the development of the modern nation-state and its administration. They study the common European features of the evolution of a new type of statehood built upon multiple circulations and transfers that forged administrative practices in the different fields of state action. Analysing important fields of expertise ranging from agricultural knowledge, mining sciences to anthropological knowledge, which laid the basis for the new "scientific" foundations of administration, the book underlines the necessity of a re-evaluation of the classical approaches to the history of state in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Download or read book Bibliography on the History of Chemistry and Chemical Technology 17th to the 19th Century written by Valentin Wehefritz and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-06-24 with total page 1784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metallic Resources 1 written by Sophie Decrée and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-02-13 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metallic resources play a huge role in many fields: in the energy transition, the development of new technologies and the production and storage of green energy. Metallic Resources 1 presents various studies in notable European metallogenic regions or deposits that enable us to tackle the question of the concentration of metals, especially strategic metals, in various geodynamic settings. An understanding of the geological processes that lead to the formation of deposits and influence their concentrations in the Earth's crust is of the utmost importance when it comes to uncovering new mineral resources. This book puts forward various different methodological approaches necessary in the study of deposits of metallic resources, from field observations to microanalysis. A study of specific geo-politico-economic frameworks is also presented.
Download or read book Information Circular written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 1126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Rare earth Elements Yttrium and Thorium written by John G. Parker and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Eureka written by Gavin Weightman and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2015-07-23 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tracing the long pre-history of five twentieth-century inventions which have transformed our lives, Gavin Weightman reveals a fantastic cast of scientists and inspired amateurs whose ingenuity has given us the airplane, television, bar code, personal computer, and mobile phone. Not one of these inventions can be attributed to a lone genius who experiences a moment of inspiration. Nearly all innovations exist in the imagination before they are finally made to work by the hard graft of inventors who draw on the discoveries of others. While the discoveries of scientists have provided vital knowledge which has made innovation possible, it is a revelation of Weightman’s study that it is more often than not the amateur who enjoys the “eureka moment” when an invention works for the first time. Filled with fascinating stories of struggle, rivalry, and the ingenuity of both famous inventors and hundreds of forgotten people, Weightman’s captivating work is a triumph of storytelling that offers a fresh take on the making of our modern world.
Download or read book Thomas Reid on Mathematics and Natural Philosophy written by Thomas Reid and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2017-07-28 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reconstructs Reid's career as a mathematician and natural philosopher for the first time
Download or read book O Mg How Chemistry Came To Be written by Stephen M Cohen and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2022-03-16 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a graphic introduction to how chemistry developed, from ancient times to now. Led by cartoon host, Ben Zene — with occasional interjections by eccentric Greek philosopher Democritus — readers learn about ancient Greek and Chinese elements, alchemists, and the development of chemistry as we know it today, from Robert Boyle and Antoine Lavoisier, from Elizabeth Fulhame and John Dalton, to Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Friedrich Wöhler, to Rosalind Franklin, Linus Pauling, and Mario Molina. The book delves into topics like nanochemistry, environmental chemistry, and how the structure of atoms and molecules was uncovered, all with good humor, bright colors, and lively drawings. There are occasional sidebars on chemical-related history and the arts, and factoids such as how President of the USA Herbert Hoover and President of Israel Chaim Weizmann influenced chemistry, how personal politics may have denied Gilbert Lewis the Nobel Prize, a Japanese tale of intrigue mingling with chemistry, and which chemist was the first living person to have an element named for him.
Download or read book A Language of Things written by Devin P. Zuber and published by University of Virginia Press. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long overlooked, the natural philosophy and theosophy of the Scandinavian scientist-turned-mystic Emanuel Swedenborg (1688–1772) made a surprising impact in America. Thomas Jefferson, while president, was so impressed with the message of a Baltimore Swedenborgian minister that he invited him to address both houses of Congress. But Swedenborgian thought also made its contribution to nineteenth-century American literature, particularly within the aesthetics of American Transcendentalism. Although various scholars have addressed how American Romanticism was affected by different currents of Continental thought and religious ideology, surprisingly no book has yet described the specific ways that American Romantics made persistent recourse to Swedenborg for their respective projects to re-enchant nature. In A Language of Things, Devin Zuber offers a critical attempt to restore the fundamental role that religious experience could play in shaping nineteenth-century American approaches to natural space. By tracing the ways that Ralph Waldo Emerson, John Muir, and Sarah Orne Jewett, among others, variously responded to Swedenborg, Zuber illuminates the complex dynamic that came to unfold between the religious, the literary, and the ecological. A Language of Things situates this dynamic within some of the recent "new materialisms" of environmental thought, showing how these earlier authors anticipate present concerns with the other-than-human in the Anthropocene.
Download or read book Solid State Chemistry written by Lesley E. Smart and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building a foundation with a thorough description of crystalline structures, Solid State Chemistry: An Introduction, Fourth Edition presents a wide range of the synthetic and physical techniques used to prepare and characterize solids. Going beyond basic science, the book explains and analyzes modern techniques and areas of research. The book covers: A range of synthetic and physical techniques used to prepare and characterize solids Bonding, superconductivity, and electrochemical, magnetic, optical, and conductive properties STEM, ionic conductivity, nanotubes and related structures such as graphene, metal organic frameworks, and FeAs superconductors Biological systems in synthesis, solid state modeling, and metamaterials This largely nonmathematical introduction to solid state chemistry includes basic crystallography and structure determination, as well as practical examples of applications and modern developments to offer students the opportunity to apply their knowledge in real-life situations and serve them well throughout their degree course. New in the Fourth Edition Coverage of multiferroics, graphene, and iron-based high temperature superconductors, the techniques available with synchrotron radiation, and metal organic frameworks (MOFs) More space devoted to electron microscopy and preparative methods New discussion of conducting polymers in the expanded section on carbon nanoscience
Download or read book A History of Platinum and its Allied Metals written by Donald McDonald and published by Johnson Matthey Plc. This book was released on 1982-01-01 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the history of platinum and its associated metals, covering important discoveries and scientific work on the platinum group metals up to the early twentieth century. With twenty-four chapters, 450 pages, over 600 references and 235 illustrations (20 in colour) including 100 portraits, “A History of Platinum and its Allied Metals” by Donald McDonald and Leslie B. Hunt is the definitive description of how science was able to progress by means of the unique properties of these metals.
Download or read book Antimony Gold and Jupiter s Wolf written by Peter Wothers and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The iconic Periodic Table of the Elements is now in its most satisfyingly elegant form. This is because all the 'gaps' corresponding to missing elements in the seventh row, or period, have recently been filled and the elements named. But where do these names come from? For some, usually the most recent, the origins are quite obvious, but in others - even well-known elements such as oxygen or nitrogen - the roots are less clear. Here, Peter Wothers explores the fascinating and often surprising stories behind how the chemical elements received their names. Delving back in time to explore the history and gradual development of chemistry, he sifts through medieval manuscripts for clues to the stories surrounding the discovery of the elements, showing how they were first encountered or created, and how they were used in everyday lives. As he reveals, the oldest-known elements were often associated with astronomical bodies, and connections with the heavens influenced the naming of a number of elements. Following this, a number of elements, including hydrogen and oxygen, were named during the great reform of chemistry, set amidst the French Revolution. While some of the origins of the names were controversial (and indeed incorrect - some saying, for instance, that oxygen might be literally taken to mean 'the son of a vinegar merchant'), they have nonetheless influenced language used around the world to this very day. Throughout, Wothers delights in dusting off the original sources, and bringing to light the astonishing, the unusual, and the downright weird origins behind the names of the elements so familiar to us today.
Download or read book Ordering Colours in 18th and Early 19th Century Europe written by Tanja C. Kleinwächter and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-05 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the international effort to give order to colours and thus facilitate communication about it, two topics deemed essential to a modernising world that were also recognizably complex. Expert essays will enhance readers' understanding of the struggle to coordinate nature with art at a time when approaches to both were undergoing rapid change. Ordering Colours shows how such seemingly trivial concerns as identifying the basic colours and disseminating appropriate colour diagrams had to meet philosophical, scientific and professional needs across Europe. Contributors detail the many schemes for colour systematization and their real-world applications; questions of concern to both academic- and manufacturing-focused investigators throughout the long 18th century. They bring together original research and new thinking about landmark early modern studies to address important developments as well as neglected historical contributions of European arts, sciences, and economies. This collection is an important addition to the libraries of all who are interested in public culture and manufacturing developments in the early modern period and is aimed at historians of art, technology, philosophy and physics.
Download or read book Before the Public Library written by Mark Towsey and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2017-10-23 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before the Public Library explores the emergence of community-based lending libraries in the Atlantic World before the advent of the Public Library movement in the mid-nineteenth century. Essays by eighteen scholars from a range of disciplines seek to place, for the first time, community libraries within an Atlantic context over a two-century period. Taking a comparative approach, this volume shows that community libraries played an important – and largely unrecognized – role in shaping Atlantic social networks, political and religious movements, scientific and geographic knowledge, and economic enterprise. Libraries had a distinct role to play in shaping modern identities through the acquisition and circulation of specific kinds of texts, the fostering of sociability, and the building of community-based institutions.
Download or read book Elements of Life and Death written by Lars Olof Björn and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2023-07-05 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans consist of about 98% of six chemical elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus. But what remains is equally important. This book is about the other elements that are vitally important for some animals, plants, or microorganisms, as well as a few elements that are deadly for some organisms, and used as protection by others, are also included.
Download or read book Instruments and Experimentation in the History of Chemistry written by Frederic Lawrence Holmes and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume moves chemical instruments and experiments into the foreground of historical concern, in line with the emphasis on practice that characterizes current work on other fields of science and engineering.
