Download or read book Avoiding Runs in Money Market Mutual Funds Have Regulatory Reforms Reduced the Potential for a Crash written by Sean S. Collins and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Avoiding Runs in Money Market Mutual Funds written by Sean Collins and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since their inception in the early 1970s, money market mutual funds have been relatively safe investments. Indeed, the money fund industry itself has noted that no investor has ever lost a dollar in a money market fund. Nevertheless, money funds have been buffeted by a series of defaults on commercial paper backing their assets. These losses would have been passed on to money fund investors, but stockholders of the management firms advising these money funds absorbed the losses. Given such difficulties, some industry experts viewed money funds as susceptible to runs--large-scale withdrawals--that could precipitate macroeconomic shocks. To reduce risks to unwary investors, in 1991 the Securities and Exchange Commission tightened the rules under which money market funds operate. This paper uses panel data on over 200 money funds to examine the effects of these regulatory changes on money funds. We find that these changes did in fact reduce the riskiness of money funds, but, at the same time, drove down their yields by an average of about 10 basis points. The new rules also significantly prevented some money funds from extending their average maturities over months that saw the steepest yield curve in recent history. Another group of funds were able to offset some of the new, tighter provisions of the Rule by extending their average maturities beyond their previous preferred level. Finally, the amendments had disparate effects; money funds that held mostly commercial paper were hardest hit, while those that held mostly short- term Treasury securities were little affected.

Download or read book Avoiding Runs in Money Market Mutual Funds written by Sean S. Collins (Economiste.) and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Swing Pricing and Fragility in Open end Mutual Funds written by Dunhong Jin and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-11-01 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How to prevent runs on open-end mutual funds? In recent years, markets have observed an innovation that changed the way open-end funds are priced. Alternative pricing rules (known as swing pricing) adjust funds’ net asset values to pass on funds’ trading costs to transacting shareholders. Using unique data on investor transactions in U.K. corporate bond funds, we show that swing pricing eliminates the first-mover advantage arising from the traditional pricing rule and significantly reduces redemptions during stress periods. The positive impact of alternative pricing rules on fund flows reverses in calm periods when costs associated with higher tracking error dominate the pricing effect.

Download or read book Reducing Systemic Risk written by Jonathan R. Macey and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the wake of the events of September 2008, money market mutual funds have made significant changes to the way they invest. Those changes have been driven by business and investment needs as well as by substantial revisions to the regulatory framework in which funds operate. Yet, some policymakers and market participants are calling for additional regulatory or legislative action. This paper lays out the important role that money market mutual funds play in the short-term capital markets, traces the successful regulatory history of money market mutual funds and argues that more reforms could create, rather than reduce, systemic risk. The first phase of these changes involved a number of amendments to Rule 2a-7, which governs the operation of mutual funds. The final rule changes released by the SEC in February 2010 included, among other things, tightened limits on portfolio maturity, greater disclosure obligations and heightened responsibilities for boards of money market funds. When announcing the new rules in January 2010, SEC Chairman Schapiro indicated a possible second phase of reform that could include other “more fundamental” changes that the SEC would examine: a floating net asset value (or NAV), more frequent disclosure of mark-to-market NAVs, mandatory redemptions-in-kind for large redemptions, a private liquidity facility and a two-tiered system of money market funds in which the NAVs for some funds would float and the NAVs for others would not. The Obama administration is also examining possible changes to money market funds. In June 2009, the administration instructed the President's Working Group on Financial Markets to study whether fundamental changes are needed to reduce the susceptibility of money market funds to runs, including possibly prohibiting money market funds from relying on a stable NAV. These reforms are being considered at a time when others, such as former Federal Reserve Board Chairman Paul Volcker, have called for money market funds to be regulated like banks. Missing from the debate so far has been an acknowledgment of the enormous benefits that money market funds have provided over the last 40 years, both to investors and to the financial system as a whole. For both individual and institutional investors, money market mutual funds provide a commercially attractive alternative to bank deposits. Money market funds offer greater investment diversification, are less susceptible to collapse than banks and offer investors greater disclosure on the nature of their investments and the underlying assets than traditional bank deposits. For the financial system generally, money market mutual funds reduce pressure on the FDIC, reduce systemic risk and provide essential liquidity to capital markets because of the funds' investments in commercial paper, municipal securities and repurchase agreements. Despite these benefits, the changes under consideration, particularly a floating NAV, likely would curtail significantly, or potentially eliminate altogether, the money market fund industry as we know it. In this paper, I explore the advantages that funds have offered and the risks to the financial system from destabilizing the money market fund industry through these so-called reforms. After a brief introduction explaining the operations of money market funds and a summary of the history of the industry, I describe the experiences of money market funds during the financial crisis. While much attention rightfully has been paid to the problems of the Reserve Primary Fund, the money market fund industry as a whole weathered the crisis quite well. Except for remaining shareholders in the Reserve Primary Fund, who in the end received more than 98 cents on each dollar invested, no money market fund investor suffered a loss of principal during the financial crisis. That said, money market funds did come under pressure and the federal government responded with its Temporary Guarantee Program. Prior to that program, some general purpose institutional money market funds experienced significant redemptions as investors looked to other investments such as Treasury bills and government money market funds. In section IV of the paper, I describe in detail some of the advantages of money market funds, which I believed have been overlooked in the current policy debate. In particular, I discuss the following: •Money market funds reduce pressure on the FDIC: Banks suffer from a fundamental mismatch between their liabilities (which are deposits that can be withdrawn at any time) and their assets (which normally are in the form of much longer-term and illiquid commitments such as mortgages or commercial loans). Because of this mismatch, banks are susceptible to runs in the absence of deposit insurance. The FDIC has served as a back stop to protect depositors and, thus, has decreased the propensity for runs on banks. Still, the less pressure that is placed on the FDIC's limited resources the better, particularly in light of the alarming rate at which banks continue to fail. Money market funds provide an alternative to bank deposits without the need for FDIC insurance. The $2.9 trillion that investors have placed in money market mutual funds would likely be deposited at banks if money market mutual funds did not exist. A stable $1.00 NAV and features such as check writing and no limits on the number of withdrawals make money market funds an attractive investment for short-term cash management. At the same time, money market funds do not suffer from the same structural mismatch between their assets and liabilities because of the liquidity and maturity requirements of Rule 2a-7. •Money market funds reduce systemic regulatory risk: Having all short-term savings subject to one regulatory regime creates systemic risk. The different regulation of banks and money market funds serves as an important method to diversify the regulatory risks involved in protecting short-term savings. Some have called for money market funds to be regulated like banks, citing functional similarities such as check-writing services. Doing so would be a mistake. Imposing the bank regulatory scheme on money market funds would increase, rather than decrease, systemic risk. Homogenous regulatory practices create the possibility that the oversight practices miss the next potential financial crisis. •Money market funds provide valuable liquidity by investing in commercial paper, municipal securities and repurchase agreements: Money market funds are significant participants in the commercial paper, municipal securities and repurchase agreement (or repo) markets. Money market funds hold almost 40% of all outstanding commercial paper, which is now the primary source for short-term funding for corporations, who issue commercial paper as a lower-cost alternative to short-term bank loans. The repo market is an important means by which the Federal Reserve conducts monetary policy and provides daily liquidity to global financial institutions. In light of the many benefits that money markets funds provide, policymakers should be careful not to disrupt the operations of the money market industry by making more fundamental changes. These “reforms” are being discussed in the context of a regulatory structure that is already robust. In sections V and VI of the paper, I explain a number of the requirements in Rule 2a-7 and caution against making additional fundamental changes. The strength of Rule 2a-7 is underscored by the success and reliability of money market funds to investors over the last 40 years. Like all regulatory regimes, policymakers should evaluate periodically whether improvements can be made. In the case of money market funds, those improvements should come within the context of Rule 2a-7, should not alter the basic structure of the funds and should not seek to impose arbitrarily a regulatory regime designed for a fundamentally different type of entity. The proponents of more fundamental changes claim that they would reduce systemic risk. However, changes such as abandoning the stable $1.00 NAV could end the money market fund industry by causing a massive inflow of money to banks, which would increase the overall risk of the financial system.

Download or read book Cross Section of Money Market Fund Risks and Financial Crises written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Invest Wisely written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Perspectives on Money Market Mutual Fund Reforms written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Monetary Elite Vs Gold s Honest Discipline written by Vincent R. LoCascio and published by Weltanschauung Financial Press. This book was released on 2005-06 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many people believe that monetary gold inhibits the Fed from effectively managing money on behalf of the public interest. LoCascio presents evidence in support of an opposing view.

Download or read book Swing Pricing and Fragility in Open end Mutual Funds written by Dunhong Jin and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-11-01 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How to prevent runs on open-end mutual funds? In recent years, markets have observed an innovation that changed the way open-end funds are priced. Alternative pricing rules (known as swing pricing) adjust funds’ net asset values to pass on funds’ trading costs to transacting shareholders. Using unique data on investor transactions in U.K. corporate bond funds, we show that swing pricing eliminates the first-mover advantage arising from the traditional pricing rule and significantly reduces redemptions during stress periods. The positive impact of alternative pricing rules on fund flows reverses in calm periods when costs associated with higher tracking error dominate the pricing effect.

Download or read book Avoiding Investment Blunders written by James Grant CPA MS and published by Page Publishing Inc. This book was released on 2022-08-01 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are two parts to the investment equation: (1) How to make money from investing and (2) how to avoid losing it. This book deals with the second objective. Investors can prosper from small mistakes because they teach valuable lessons, but large mistakes (blunders) wipe out large amounts of capital and ruin lives. Blunders result in lost opportunities, children not going to college, or retirement being postponed or permanently abandoned. Severe losses can produce depression, failed marriages, and even suicide. How do investors stumble into blunders? They are not prepared, and they are ill-informed. They invest in inappropriate investments, and their timing is bad. They listen to bad forecasts by economists, portfolio managers, CEOs, journalists, and security analysts. Just because an investment product exists does not mean it should be bought. Some investments like mortgage bonds and variable annuities are structurally flawed and too dangerous for average investors. Blunders occur as a result of misleading statements by the media. They also occur due to scams. Investors are way too gullible and greedy. The investment landscape is treacherous, and it is important for investors to pay attention and employ healthy amounts of skepticism. Investors must employ less emotion and more reason. Investing is not a hobby! There are many resources to guide investors on how to make money in investing, but there are few guides on how to avoid losing money. The information deficit in Avoiding Investment Blunders is significant. This book contains detailed guidance and occasional colorful examples of the author s missteps and the mistakes of others. Investment blunders are, therefore, financial disasters that must be avoided at all cost. Investment blunders usually only happen once per person per lifetime. This book will help ensure that blunders do not happen at all!

Download or read book Never Buy Another Stock Again written by David Gaffen and published by FT Press. This book was released on 2010-09-09 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Want to build long-term, sustainable wealth? Then stay out of the stock market! That’s radically different advice from what the "experts" have served up for decades... but look at the miserable results those pundits have delivered! Investors who’ve chosen equity-based buy-and-hold approaches have seen their assets decline dramatically: not just for a year, but often for decades. Fortunately, there are better ways to invest — and Never Buy Another Stock Again reveals them. Renowned Reuters financial journalist David Gaffen first explains why stocks are an even worse short- and long-term investment than you realize. Next, he shows how to create a balanced portfolio that reflects a "big-picture," holistic approach, intelligently incorporating cash, real estate, retirement funds, savings, and other holdings. Gaffen’s strategies rely primarily on investments outside the stock market, while identifying strictly limited roles for mutual funds and ETFs. Readers will learn how to: dramatically reduce investing costs that can kill your returns; invest in an environment where double-digit returns can never be expected; overcome huge flaws in conventional diversification strategies; and offset risks associated with existing equity ownership.

Download or read book More Straight Talk on Investing written by John J. Brennan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-04-04 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical and pithy guide to investing to help everyday investors achieve their long-term goals The 21st century has been beset with three financial market shocks in its first 20 years, the bursting of the Tech Bubble in 2000-2002; the Global Financial Crisis of 2008-09; and 2020 COVID-19 crash. Given this backdrop, it is no wonder that investing can appear to be so daunting to individual investors. As Chairman and CEO of Vanguard, one of the largest and most respected investment management companies in the world, Jack Brennan has spent his career helping people invest their money. In the newly updated More Straight Talk on Investing, he shares with you the lessons he has learned over his over four decades at Vanguard from a variety of market participants—from Main Street investors and 401(k) plan holders to veteran portfolio managers at the helm of Vanguard funds and sophisticated investment professionals overseeing top endowments and foundations. This a comprehensive, but approachable book will help you develop the knowledge, confidence, and discipline to navigate the financial markets and attain investment success over the long term. While the financial planning and investing principles covered are timeless, a considerable amount has changed in the nearly 20 years since the first edition, including new products and services, lower costs, and ever-evolving regulation and legislation. An entire generation of investors has come of age over the past two decades and could benefit from understanding that sound and sensible investing is an effective way to achieve financial security. This book will assist your manage your “serious” money—the dollars that you set aside for long-term goals, such as retirement or the education of your children. The book also emphasizes the concept of thinking of yourself as a “financial entrepreneur”—managing your financial life like owner manages a business. In a straightforward, plain talk manner, the book demonstrates how to: Build a balanced, diversified portfolio that meets your needs and goals Evaluate mutual funds and ETFs with a discerning eye Adhere to a long-term, disciplined approach to investing Control your emotions and tune out the incessant “noise” in the media Understand the risks and rewards of financial markets Develop a prudent plan and investment policy statement to guide your path forward Avoid the pitfalls and mistakes that can derail your investment program With wit and wisdom, Brennan relays anecdotes and observations that demonstrate the enduring investment precepts that will serve as a guide to novice investors and as a practical refresher for seasoned investors. He has also added three new chapters focusing on evaluating advice options, garnering lessons from endowments, and dealing with the challenges of a low interest rate environment.

Download or read book Win By Not Losing A Disciplined Approach to Building and Protecting Your Wealth in the Stock Market by Managing Your Risk written by Nick Atkeson and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2013-10-18 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A DISCIPLINED STRATEGY FOR AVOIDING MAJOR DOWN MARKETS AND PARTICIPATING IN BULLISH MARKETS Your financial advisor's strategy to buy-and-hold a diversified equity portfolio sounded good. Diversification promised to protect your wealth. Now, however, more than a decade of hard data shows it didn't work. And, more than likely after a decade of multiple financial shocks and crashes, your account balance is not what you hoped it would be when you started saving years ago. Much of your investment life has been spent just trying to make back what was lost. Win By Not Losing reveals how you can make smarter, more profi table investments by first protecting your capital from major bear equity markets. It also shows you how to identify major bullish equity market trends and guides you on how best to participate. By avoiding the major downs and catching the ups, your portfolio compounds gains and allows you to achieve your financial goals. Chasing returns leads to the poorhouse. With this book's disciplined system for knowing when to buy, what to buy, and when to sell, you can build and protect your portfolio through active management techniques. It walks you step-by-step through growing your portfolio in bull and bear market cycles. You will master a concrete investing method that lets you trade with emotionless confidence and precision. Packed with links to online resources and personal tips from successful, high-profile traders, Win By Not Losing gives you everything you need to: Identify the market metrics that are important to building wealth Detect and measure the market signals foreshadowing major moves Build a portfolio with strong downside protection, full transparency, immediate liquidity, low fees, and incredible risk-adjusted returns Your portfolio returns will continue to be disappointing unless you act. It's time to make up for lost profits by taking an active, professional, and nonemotional portfolio management approach to avoid major losses and capture gains. Win By Not Losing provides everything you need to build wealth in today's stock market. Stop watching your money rise and fall without signifi cant net gain with a "buy-and-hold" strategy and optimize your positions as market sentiment changes. In a nonappreciating market, investors must actively manage equities to acquire gains. Win By Not Losing presents an active approach that uses rigorous risk-management techniques to preserve your wealth and generate high returns in all equity market environments. Prominent authors and lecturers Nick Atkeson and Andrew Houghton have culled the best of their work to help you revitalize your trading habits, protect your capital, and beat the market. Through real-world stories demonstrating fi nancial theory in action and how-to instructions for executing their strategic investment approach, these expert authors enable you to: Achieve sizable returns through an investment strategy equally focused on when to invest and when to sell Avoid major down markets and fully benefit from major up markets Access unique financial information to help you stay current, think ahead, and build and protect your wealth Whether you're an independent investor or a professional financial advisor, this refreshing look at investing will change the way you see the markets. Forget what you know about modern portfolio theory and trade to make money in today's markets with Win By Not Losing. "Anyone with some experience in the stock market, especially the person who wants to move beyond a buy and hold strategy, can find useful tidbits in this book.” ReadingTheMarkets.com

Download or read book Mutual Funds The Money Multiplier written by Lalitha Thamaraipandy and published by Notion Press. This book was released on 2017-05-15 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can you build wealth with the most elusive combination – COMMON SENSE and KNOWLEDGE? Mutual Funds: The Money Multiplier answers this question and takes you on a journey into the world of mutual funds. In a language that is both eloquent and understandable, this book cracks the code on building wealth the mutual fund way. A matrix (3×3) approach has been adopted, with the book having been divided into nine sections. All the topics have been analysed threadbare against the backdrop of investment planning, so as to offer a holistic view of wealth creation for you. With Mutual Funds: The Money Multiplier as your guide, you will discover how to make investing a winner’s game. With in-depth insights and practical advice, this book provides a timeless blueprint for effective and low-stress investing for the layman. This book can be a resource for generations to come.

Download or read book Money Market Funds Run Risk written by Jeffrey N. Gordon and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The instability of money market mutual funds, a relatively new form of financial intermediary that connects short term debt issuers with funders that want daily liquidity, became manifest in the financial crisis of 2007-2009. The bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers, a major issuer of money market debt, led one large fund to “break the buck” (that is, violate the $1 net asset valuation convention) and triggered a run on other funds that was staunched only by major interventions from the US Treasury and the Federal Reserve. One common reform proposal has been to substitute “floating NAV” for “fixed NAV,” on the view that MMF run risk was strongly affected by the potential to arbitrage between the “true” value of MMF assets and the $1 fixed NAV. It turns out that European MMFs are issued in two forms, “stable NAV” and “accumulating NAV,” which offer a reasonable proxy for the distinction between fixed and floating NAV. Thus the comparative run rate of these two MMF types during “Lehman week” offers a natural experiment of the effect of NAV “fixedness.” We find that the stable/accumulating distinction explains none of the cross-sectional variation in the run rate among these funds. Instead, two other variables are explanatory: yield in the period immediately prior to Lehman week, which we take as a proxy for the fund's portfolio risk, and whether the fund's sponsor is an investment bank, which we take as proxy for sponsor capacity to support the fund. We then argue that these findings indicate that other stability-enhancing reforms are necessary.

Download or read book Preventing the Next Financial Crisis written by Victor A. Beker and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2021-04-21 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The collapse of Lehman Brothers, the oldest and fourth-largest US investment bank, in September 2008 precipitated the global financial crisis. This deepened the contraction in economic activity that had already started in December 2007 and has become known as the Great Recession. Following a sluggish and uneven period of recovery, levels of private debt have recently been on the rise again making another financial crisis almost inevitable. This book answers the key question: can anything be done to prevent a new financial crisis or minimize its impact? The book opens with an analysis of the main elements responsible for the 2007/2009 financial crisis and assesses the extent to which they are still present in today ́s financial system. The responses to the financial crises - particularly the Dodd-Frank Act, the establishment of the Financial Stability Board, and attempts to regulate shadow banking – are evaluated for their effectiveness. It is found that there is a high risk of a new bubble developing, there remains a lack of transparency in the financial industry, and risk-taking continues to be incentivised among bankers and investors. Proposals are put forward to ameliorate the risks, arguing for the need for an international lender of last resort, recalling Keynes’ idea for an International Clearing Union. This book will be of significant interest to scholars and students of financial crises, financial stability, and alternative approaches to finance and economics.