Download or read book Autonomic Mechanisms Underlying Individual Differences in Response to Stress in an Animal Model of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder PTSD written by Ori Koresh and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Individual Differences in Response to Stress in a Previously Validated Animal Model of PTSD written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Purpose: To make use of an existing rat model for PTSD where individual differences in long-term behavioral responses to the scent of a predator results in extreme responses for 25% of animals thought to be analogous to "PTSD," while 25% of the animals show stress resistance. That the extreme behavioral effects can be blocked by cortisol administration prior to stress appears similar to observations in trauma survivors of the prophylactic effects of cortisol. The animal model has not been used to identify CNS gene expression patterns or other biomarkers underpinning biological mechanisms of individual differences in reactivity.
Download or read book Brain Mechanisms Underlying Individual Differences in Reaction to Stress written by United States. Department of the Army. Research Office and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Using Stress Based Animal Models to Understand the Mechanisms Underlying Psychiatric and Somatic Disorders written by Stefan O. Reber and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-01-13 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic or repeated stress, particularly psychosocial stress, is an acknowledged risk factor for numerous affective and somatic disorders in modern societies. Thus, there is substantial evidence showing that chronic stress can increase the likelihood of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders, as well as cardiovascular diseases, irritable bowel syndrome and pain syndromes, to name but a few, in vulnerable individuals. Although a number of pharmacological agents are available to treat such stress-related disorders, many patients do not respond to them, and those who do often report a number of side effects. Therefore, a major emphasis in modern basic research is to uncover the underlying aetiology of these disorders, and to develop novel efficacious treatment strategies. This has led to a resurgence in developing, and using, appropriate animal models to study a wide variety of stress-related disorders. Thus, the aim of this research topic “Using stress-based animal models to understand the mechanisms underlying psychiatric and somatic disorders” was to bring together novel research articles and comprehensive review articles from prominent stress researchers. In addition to describing the insights such models have provided relating to the aetiology of psychiatric and somatic disorders, these articles also encompass mechanisms that are believed to underlie stress resilience and stress-protection. Finally, given the current prominence on the role of the brain-gut axis in health and disease, the research topic covers the emerging evidence showing how the gut, particularly the microbiota, influences affective behaviour and physiology.
Download or read book Brain Mechanisms Underlying Individual Differences in Reaction to Stress An Animal Model written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans who are high risk takers and high sensation seekers show increasing amplitudes (augmenting) of the P1-N1 components of the visual evoked potential (VEP) increasing intensities of light flash, whereas low risk takers show VEP reducing. We developed an animal model of this important dimension of behavior in which we reported that cats and rats who display high levels of exploration, activity, aggression, and risk taking show VEP augmenting as do their human counterparts; similarly cats and rats that are low sensation seekers are VEP reducers. Our published papers describe a number of neurophysiological characteristics associated with VEP augmenting and reducing and thus high and low sensation seekers. We also demonstrated, in our rat model, that augmenting/reducing and the sensation seeking trait have a heritable basis.
Download or read book The Traumatic Neuroses of War written by Abram Kardiner and published by Martino Fine Books. This book was released on 2012-07-01 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2012 Reprint of 1941 Edition. Exact facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. Most PTSD authors agree that Abram Kardiner's "Traumatic Neuroses of War" is the seminal psychological work on PTSD. In this work Kardiner distilled much psychiatric thought on the traumatic syndrome resulting from World War II, with what he had termed "neurosis of war." The symptoms of this syndrome included features such as fixation on the trauma, constriction of personality functioning and atypical dream life. Kardiner provided powerful new insights in these classic texts on the phenomenology, nosology, and treatment of war-related stress, thereby anticipating virtually every aspect of contemporary research on PTSD. Although Kardiner had observed war neuroses since 1925, when he was attending specialist at the U.S. Veterans Hospital, he was only able to theorize them to his satisfaction after he had written "The Individual and His Society," which dealt with the problems of adaptation. He came to see that in the traumatic neurosis of the war the defensive maneuver to ward off the trauma sometimes destroyed the individual's adaptive capacity. Thus, the traumatic neurosis of war was the result of an adaptive failure, not a conflictual illness. So concluding, Kardiner re-introduced the concept of traumatic neurosis into psychoanalytic theory.
Download or read book Characterizing the Behavioral and Neural Mechanisms Underpinning Stress Enhanced Fear Learning a Rodent Model of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder written by Jennifer Elizabeth Tribble and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a complex, multi-faceted disease that affects a subset of individuals who undergo a traumatic experience. To understand the variety of psychological symptoms and their underpinning neural mechanisms, our laboratory has developed a rodent model of the disease in which animals experience an acute traumatic experience (15 unsignaled footshocks) that leads to a variety of changes in fear, anxiety, and depression (PTSD-like phenotypes). Through using a behavioral model of the disease, we can use pharmacological, behavioral, or genetic manipulations to dissect the neural mechanisms underlying the variety of changes in behavior seen following the acute stressor. In this dissertation, I seek to understand how these different symptoms (exaggerated subsequent fear conditioning, anxiety, and depression) manifest selectively and are driven by distinct neural mechanisms, each of which are sensitive to the effects of stress. As we begin to disentangle the variety of changes that occur in the brain following stress and how these changes in the brain manifest behaviorally, we can ultimately hope to better diagnose and treat individuals who are suffering from the debilitating symptoms associated with PTSD. In Chapter 2, I test for the effects of pair housing animals prior to, during, and following the acute stressor. Rodents are extremely social animals, and isolation housing has been shown to magnify or sufficiently cause effects of stress. Therefore, it was critical to understand whether isolation housing is necessary for developing the PTSD-like symptoms observed after an acute stressor. Interestingly, I found that housing condition (isolation versus pair) had no effect on subsequent fear and anxiety phenotypes in adult, male rats undergoing an acute stressor. In Chapter 3, I test for the role of kappa opioid receptors (KORs) in the subsequent expression of PTSD-like phenotypes following an acute stressor. The KOR antagonist JDTic was administered immediately after trauma, then animals were tested for exaggerated fear conditioning, and anxiety and depression assays. JDTic administration did not perturb the enhanced fear conditioning phenotype observed following stress, but it did mitigate anxiety behavior on the elevated plus maze (EPM). JDTic administered to stressed animals caused an increase in time spent in the open arms of the EPM across an 8 minute session. Shockingly, JDTic administered to unstressed animals caused an anxiogenic phenotype as seen by a failure to habituate to the EPM across an 8 minute session. Animals were also tested in the open field test and forced swim test, but there was no effect of JDTic on these measures. Together, these data indicate that KORs have a selective role in the anxiety-like phenotypes seen in rats following an acute stressor. These data are one example of how different neural circuits could contribute differentially to the array of phenotypes observed following acute stress. In Chapter 4, I use a variety of techniques to assess the neural mechanisms underlying the enhanced fear phenotype observed in our PTSD model. Specifically, I test for changes in excitatory receptors expressed in brain regions associated with fear and anxiety through Western blotting, RT-PCR, and a genetic manipulation to test the contribution of NMDA-R's to the sensitized fear response. Taken together, these studies begin to describe the neural and molecular changes that lead to the robust enhancement in subsequent fear conditioning observed in stressed animals. Collectively, these studies serve as a beginning of exploring the many behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying our rodent model of PTSD. Future and subsequent studies may build off of this work to further characterize the PTSD-like phenotypes of our model, and relate these behavioral changes to the specific neural changes that guide them.
Download or read book Stress Resilience written by Alon Chen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-11 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stress Resilience: Molecular and Behavioral Aspects presents the first reference available on the full-breadth of cutting-edge research being carried out in this field. It includes a wide range of basic molecular knowledge on the potential associations between resilience phenomenon and biochemical balance, but also focuses on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying stress resilience. World-renowned experts provide chapters that cover everything from the neural circuits of resilience, the effects of early-life adversity, and the transgenerational inheritance of resilience. This unique and timely book will be a go-to resource for neuroscientists and biological psychiatrists who want to improve their understanding of the consequences of stress and on how some people are able to avoid it. Approaches resilience as a process rather than as a static trait Provides basic molecular knowledge on the potential associations between resilience phenomenon and biochemical balance Presents thorough coverage of both the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to resilience
Download or read book Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide written by Hubert Vaudry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide is the first volume to be written on the neuropeptide PACAP. It covers all domains of PACAP from molecular and cellular aspects to physiological activities and promises for new therapeutic strategies. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide is the twentieth volume published in the Endocrine Updates book series under the Series Editorship of Shlomo Melmed, MD.
Download or read book Neural Plasticity and Memory written by Federico Bermudez-Rattoni and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-04-17 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, multidisciplinary review, Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging provides an in-depth, up-to-date analysis of the study of the neurobiology of memory. Leading specialists share their scientific experience in the field, covering a wide range of topics where molecular, genetic, behavioral, and brain imaging techniq
Download or read book The Loss of Sadness written by Allan V. Horwitz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-06-18 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description
Download or read book Comprehensive Guide to Post Traumatic Stress Disorders written by Colin R. Martin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-13 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an all-embracing reference that offers analyses and discussions of contemporary issues in the field of PTSD. The book brings together scientific material from leading experts in the field relating to a wide range of important current topics across disciplines. These include the early identification of PTSD and subsequent treatment, to social and behavioral studies, to biochemical, molecular and genetic research. With more than 125 chapters organized in 12 major sections, this is the most complete single resource on PTSD.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders written by J. Gayle Beck and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 1033 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In the second edition of this handbook, experts on traumatic stress have contributed chapters on topics spanning classification, epidemiology and special populations, theory, assessment, prevention/early intervention, treatment, and dissemination and treatment. This expanded, updated volume contains 39 chapters which provide research updates, along with highlighting areas that need continued clarification through additional research. The handbook provides a valuable resource for clinicians and investigators with interest in traumatic stress disorders"--
Download or read book Stress Challenges and Immunity in Space written by Alexander Choukèr and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-27 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains how stress – either psychological or physical – can activate and/or paralyse human innate or adaptive immunity. Adequate immunity is crucial for maintaining health, both on Earth and in space. During space flight, human physiology is specifically challenged by complex environmental stressors, which are most pronounced during lunar or interplanetary missions. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the book identifies the impact of these stressors – the space exposome – on immunity as a result of (dys-)functions of specific cells, organs and organ networks. These conditions (e.g. gravitation changes, radiation, isolation/confinement) affect immunity, but at the same time provide insights that may help to prevent, diagnose and address immune-related health alterations. Written by experts from academia, space agencies and industry, the book is a valuable resource for professionals, researchers and students in the field of medicine, biology and technology. The chapters “The Impact of Everyday Stressors on the Immune System and Health”, “Stress and Radiation Responsiveness” and “Assessment of Radiosensitivity and Biomonitoring of Exposure to Space adiation” are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Download or read book Heat Shock Proteins and Whole Body Physiology written by Alexzander A. A. Asea and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-10 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heat Shock Proteins and Whole Body Physiology is an exciting new book in the Heat Shock Proteins series which provides the most up-to-date review on novel mechanisms insights into the important role played by heat shock proteins in human physiology. Written by leaders in the field of heat shock protein exercise physiology, neuroscience and aging, the chapters systematically and in a step wise fashion takes the reader through the fascinating mechanisms by which heat shock proteins modulate human disease and pathophysiology and provides answers as to its biological significance to the host. Section I, introduces the readers to the role played by heat shock proteins in various diseases and disorders (Heat Shock Proteins and Disease). Section II, addresses the role heat shock proteins play in psychological disorders including post traumatic stress disorders and learning (Heat Shock Proteins and Psychological Stress). Section III, present a detailed review of the role played by heat shock proteins in exercise physiology (Heat Shock Proteins and Exercise Physiology). This book is a must read for heat shock protein researchers, graduate and postgraduate fellows in the field of Medicine in general and specialities in Excersie Physiology, Neuroscience, Immunology, Aging and Pathology.
Download or read book Neurobiology of PTSD written by Israel Liberzon and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurobiology of PTSD outlines the basic neural mechanisms that mediate complex responses and adaptations to psychological trauma; describes how these biological processes are impaired in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); and discusses how the environmental exposure to trauma interacts with the brain to create the syndrome of PTSD.
Download or read book The Development of Psychopathology written by Bruce Franklin Pennington and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2005-06-20 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly readable volume illuminates the interplay among biological, psychological, and social-contextual processes in the development of such prevalent problems as depression, schizophrenia, ADHD, dyslexia, and autism. Leading developmental scientist Bruce F. Pennington explains the variety of methods currently being used to investigate the mind-brain connection, including behavioral and molecular genetics, studies of brain structure and function, neuropsychology, and treatment studies. Shedding new light on where mental disorders come from, how they develop, and why they are so common, the book also examines the implications for treatment and prevention. ?
