Download or read book Automatically Ordering Events and Times in Text written by Leon R.A. Derczynski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-18 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book offers a detailed guide to temporal ordering, exploring open problems in the field and providing solutions and extensive analysis. It addresses the challenge of automatically ordering events and times in text. Aided by TimeML, it also describes and presents concepts relating to time in easy-to-compute terms. Working out the order that events and times happen has proven difficult for computers, since the language used to discuss time can be vague and complex. Mapping out these concepts for a computational system, which does not have its own inherent idea of time, is, unsurprisingly, tough. Solving this problem enables powerful systems that can plan, reason about events, and construct stories of their own accord, as well as understand the complex narratives that humans express and comprehend so naturally. This book presents a theory and data-driven analysis of temporal ordering, leading to the identification of exactly what is difficult about the task. It then proposes and evaluates machine-learning solutions for the major difficulties. It is a valuable resource for those working in machine learning for natural language processing as well as anyone studying time in language, or involved in annotating the structure of time in documents.

Download or read book Innovations in Bio Inspired Computing and Applications written by Ajith Abraham and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-21 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights recent research on bio-inspired computing and its various innovative applications in Information and Communication Technologies. It presents 50 high-quality papers from the 9th International Conference on Innovations in Bio-Inspired Computing and Applications (IBICA 2018) and 7th World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies (WICT 2018), which was held at Toc H Institute of Science and Technology (TIST) on December 17–19, 2018. IBICA-WICT 2018 was a premier conference and brought together researchers, engineers and practitioners whose work involved bio-inspired computing, computational intelligence and their applications in information security, real-world contexts etc. Including contributions by authors from 22 countries, the book offers a valuable reference guide for all researchers, students and practitioners in the fields of Computer Science and Engineering.

Download or read book Text Speech and Dialogue written by Vaclav Matousek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-06-02 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Text, Speech and Dialogue, TSD 2003, held in Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic in September 2003. The 60 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited contributions were carefully reviewed and selected from 121 submissions. The papers present a wealth of state-of-the-art research and development results in the field of natural language processing with an emphasis on text, speech, and spoken language ranging from theoretical and methodological issues to applications in various fields, such as web information retrieval, the semantic web, algorithmic learning, and dialogue systems.

Download or read book Formal Representation and the Digital Humanities written by Paola Cotticelli-Kurras and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2018-12-14 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What do linguistics, philology and even cultural studies have in common? There can be many answers for this question; certainly, however, they all have to deal with the new technologies and methods that go by the name of “Digital Humanities”. Today, all human sciences are facing new challenges both from the methodological point of view and from their very scientific contents. Accordingly, the number of research fields and approaches represented in this volume is large, reflecting the complexity of the problems of formalization, computation and digitalization of data and resources. The future of human sciences will be marked by the ever-increasing importance of formal models and computational tools, and the effective communication among the specialists of different fields is crucial for the scientific success of every single area of research. This collection of cutting-edge, high-quality papers is a fundamental step towards a better definition of the role the “Digital Humanities” will play in the next years.

Download or read book Clinical Text Mining written by Hercules Dalianis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-14 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book describes the results of natural language processing and machine learning methods applied to clinical text from electronic patient records. It is divided into twelve chapters. Chapters 1-4 discuss the history and background of the original paper-based patient records, their purpose, and how they are written and structured. These initial chapters do not require any technical or medical background knowledge. The remaining eight chapters are more technical in nature and describe various medical classifications and terminologies such as ICD diagnosis codes, SNOMED CT, MeSH, UMLS, and ATC. Chapters 5-10 cover basic tools for natural language processing and information retrieval, and how to apply them to clinical text. The difference between rule-based and machine learning-based methods, as well as between supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods, are also explained. Next, ethical concerns regarding the use of sensitive patient records for research purposes are discussed, including methods for de-identifying electronic patient records and safely storing patient records. The book’s closing chapters present a number of applications in clinical text mining and summarise the lessons learned from the previous chapters. The book provides a comprehensive overview of technical issues arising in clinical text mining, and offers a valuable guide for advanced students in health informatics, computational linguistics, and information retrieval, and for researchers entering these fields.

Download or read book Annotating Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events written by Frank Schilder and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-10-06 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This state-of-the-art survey comprises a selection of the material presented at the International Dagstuhl Seminar on Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events, held in Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, in April 2005. The seminar centered around an emerging de facto standard for time and event annotation: TimeML. It features nine papers that detail current research and discuss open problems concerning annotation, temporal reasoning, and event identification.

Download or read book Natural Language Processing written by Yue Zhang and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-01-07 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a machine learning approach and less focus on linguistic details, this gentle introduction to natural language processing develops fundamental mathematical and deep learning models for NLP under a unified framework. NLP problems are systematically organised by their machine learning nature, including classification, sequence labelling, and sequence-to-sequence problems. Topics covered include statistical machine learning and deep learning models, text classification and structured prediction models, generative and discriminative models, supervised and unsupervised learning with latent variables, neural networks, and transition-based methods. Rich connections are drawn between concepts throughout the book, equipping students with the tools needed to establish a deep understanding of NLP solutions, adapt existing models, and confidently develop innovative models of their own. Featuring a host of examples, intuition, and end of chapter exercises, plus sample code available as an online resource, this textbook is an invaluable tool for the upper undergraduate and graduate student.

Download or read book Inducing Event Schemas and Their Participants from Unlabeled Text written by Nathanael William Chambers and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of information on the Internet is expressed in written text. Understanding and extracting this information is crucial to building intelligent systems that can organize this knowledge, but most algorithms focus on learning atomic facts and relations. For instance, we can reliably extract facts like "Stanford is a University" and "Professors teach Science" by observing redundant word patterns across a corpus. However, these facts do not capture richer knowledge like the way detonating a bomb is related to destroying a building, or that the perpetrator who was convicted must have been arrested. A structured model of these events and entities is needed to understand language across many genres, including news, blogs, and even social media. This dissertation describes a new approach to knowledge acquisition and extraction that learns rich structures of events (e.g., plant, detonate, destroy) and participants (e.g., suspect, target, victim) over a large corpus of news articles, beginning from scratch and without human involvement. As opposed to early event models in Natural Language Processing (NLP) such as scripts and frames, modern statistical approaches and advances in NLP now enable new representations and large-scale learning over many domains. This dissertation begins by describing a new model of events and entities called Narrative Event Schemas. A Narrative Event Schema is a collection of events that occur together in the real world, linked by the typical entities involved. I describe the representation itself, followed by a statistical learning algorithm that observes chains of entities repeatedly connecting the same sets of events within documents. The learning process extracts thousands of verbs within schemas from 14 years of newspaper data. I present novel contributions in the field of temporal ordering to build classifiers that order the events and infer likely schema orderings. I then present several new evaluations for the extracted knowledge. Finally, I apply Narrative Event Schemas to the field of Information Extraction, learning templates of events with sets of semantic roles. Most Information Extraction approaches assume foreknowledge of the domain's templates, but I instead start from scratch and learn schemas as templates, and then extract the entities from text as in a standard extraction task. My algorithm is the first to learn templates without human guidance, and its results approach those of supervised algorithms.

Download or read book Text Speech and Dialogue written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing III written by Nicolas Nicolov and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2004-11-30 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together revised versions of a selection of papers presented at the 2003 International Conference on “Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing”. A wide range of topics is covered in the volume: semantics, dialogue, summarization, anaphora resolution, shallow parsing, morphology, part-of-speech tagging, named entity, question answering, word sense disambiguation, information extraction. Various ‘state-of-the-art’ techniques are explored: finite state processing, machine learning (support vector machines, maximum entropy, decision trees, memory-based learning, inductive logic programming, transformation-based learning, perceptions), latent semantic analysis, constraint programming. The papers address different languages (Arabic, English, German, Slavic languages) and use different linguistic frameworks (HPSG, LFG, constraint-based DCG). This book will be of interest to those who work in computational linguistics, corpus linguistics, human language technology, translation studies, cognitive science, psycholinguistics, artificial intelligence, and informatics.

Download or read book Auto Biography and Auto Ethnography written by Wolff-Michael Roth and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a number of academic disciplines, auto/biography and auto/ethnography have become central means of critiquing of the ways in which research represents individuals and their cultures. Auto/biography and auto/ethnography are genres that blend ethnographic interests with life writing and they tell about a culture at the same time they tell about an individual life. This book presents educational researchers, in exemplary form, the possibilities and constraints of both auto/biography and auto/ethnography as methods of doing educational research. The contributors to this volume explore, by means of examples, auto/biography and auto/ethnography as means for critical analysis and as tool kit for the different stakeholders in education. The four thematic sections deal with: a. different possible uses and constraints of the two methods b. understanding teaching and teaching to learn c. institutional critiques d. experiences and trajectories as evidence of a sociology of everyday life. The book was written to be used by upper undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in research design; because of its practical approach, it is highly suitable for those contexts where research methods courses do not exist. The audience also includes professors, who want to have a reference on design and methodology, and those who have not yet had the opportunity to employ a particular method.

Download or read book The Past Web written by Daniel Gomes and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-30 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides practical information about web archives, offers inspiring examples for web archivists, raises new challenges, and shares recent research results about access methods to explore information from the past preserved by web archives. The book is structured in six parts. Part 1 advocates for the importance of web archives to preserve our collective memory in the digital era, demonstrates the problem of web ephemera and shows how web archiving activities have been trying to address this challenge. Part 2 then focuses on different strategies for selecting web content to be preserved and on the media types that different web archives host. It provides an overview of efforts to address the preservation of web content as well as smaller-scale but high-quality collections of social media or audiovisual content. Next, Part 3 presents examples of initiatives to improve access to archived web information and provides an overview of access mechanisms for web archives designed to be used by humans or automatically accessed by machines. Part 4 presents research use cases for web archives. It also discusses how to engage more researchers in exploiting web archives and provides inspiring research studies performed using the exploration of web archives. Subsequently, Part 5 demonstrates that web archives should become crucial infrastructures for modern connected societies. It makes the case for developing web archives as research infrastructures and presents several inspiring examples of added-value services built on web archives. Lastly, Part 6 reflects on the evolution of the web and the sustainability of web archiving activities. It debates the requirements and challenges for web archives if they are to assume the responsibility of being societal infrastructures that enable the preservation of memory. This book targets academics and advanced professionals in a broad range of research areas such as digital humanities, social sciences, history, media studies and information or computer science. It also aims to fill the need for a scholarly overview to support lecturers who would like to introduce web archiving into their courses by offering an initial reference for students.

Download or read book Aspects of Natural Language Processing written by Malgorzata Marciniak and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-10-01 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many years Leonard Bolc has played an important role in the Polish computer science community. He is especially known for his clear vision in the development of artificial intelligence, inspiring research, organizational and editorial achievements in areas such as e.g.: logic, automatic reasoning, natural language processing, and computer applications of natural language or human-like reasoning. This Festschrift volume, published to honor Leonard Bolc on his 75th birthday includes 17 refereed papers by leading researchers, his friends, former students and colleagues to celebrate his scientific career. The essays present research in the areas which Leonard Bolc and his colleagues investigated during his long scientific career. The volume is organized in three parts; the first is devoted to logic - the domain which was one of the most explored by Leonard Bolc himself. The second part contains papers focusing on different aspects of computational linguistics; the third part comprises papers describing different applications in which natural language processing or automatic reasoning plays an important role.

Download or read book Neocybernetics and Narrative written by Bruce Clarke and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2014-09-15 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neocybernetics and Narrative opens a new chapter in Bruce Clarke’s project of rethinking narrative and media through systems theory. Reconceiving interrelations among subjects, media, significations, and the social, this study demonstrates second-order systems theory’s potential to provide fresh insights into the familiar topics of media studies and narrative theory. A pioneer of systems narratology, Clarke offers readers a synthesis of the neocybernetic theories of cognition formulated by biologists Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela, incubated by cyberneticist Heinz von Foerster, and cultivated in Niklas Luhmann’s social systems theory. From this foundation, he interrogates media theory and narrative theory through a critique of information theory in favor of autopoietic conceptions of cognition. Clarke’s purview includes examinations of novels (Mrs. Dalloway and Mind of My Mind), movies (Avatar, Memento, and Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind), and even Aramis, Bruno Latour’s idiosyncratic meditation on a failed plan for an automated subway. Clarke declares the era of the cyborg to have ended, laid to rest as the ontology of technical objects is brought into differential coordination with operations of living, psychic, and social systems. The second-order discourse of cognition destabilizes the usual sense of cognition as conscious awareness, revealing the possibility of nonconscious and nonhuman forms of sentience.

Download or read book Automatic Summarization written by Ani Nenkova and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2011 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Automatic Summarization is a comprehensive overview of research in summarization, including the more traditional efforts in sentence extraction as well as the most novel recent approaches for determining important content, for domain and genre specific summarization and for evaluation of summarization

Download or read book Handbook of Linguistic Annotation written by Nancy Ide and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-16 with total page 1440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook offers a thorough treatment of the science of linguistic annotation. Leaders in the field guide the reader through the process of modeling, creating an annotation language, building a corpus and evaluating it for correctness. Essential reading for both computer scientists and linguistic researchers.Linguistic annotation is an increasingly important activity in the field of computational linguistics because of its critical role in the development of language models for natural language processing applications. Part one of this book covers all phases of the linguistic annotation process, from annotation scheme design and choice of representation format through both the manual and automatic annotation process, evaluation, and iterative improvement of annotation accuracy. The second part of the book includes case studies of annotation projects across the spectrum of linguistic annotation types, including morpho-syntactic tagging, syntactic analyses, a range of semantic analyses (semantic roles, named entities, sentiment and opinion), time and event and spatial analyses, and discourse level analyses including discourse structure, co-reference, etc. Each case study addresses the various phases and processes discussed in the chapters of part one.

Download or read book NET for Visual FoxPro Developers written by Kevin McNeish and published by Hentzenwerke. This book was released on 2002 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If you're simply curious about what .NET offers, this book provides a strong overview of the .NET Framework and the C# and Visual Basic .NET languages, helping you to assess these new technologies through the lens of Visual FoxPro. If you're already "sold" and are ready to learn specifics about how to use .NET in your software development projects, this book provides plenty of "how to", "step-by-step" and "best practices" information that will help you climb the .NET learning curve and get up and running quickly.