Download or read book Autobiographical Memory Conjunction Errors written by Aleea L. Devitt and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has long been recognised that episodic memory representations are stored as constituent features distributed widely across the brain, and that retrieval of a coherent episode requires these fragments to be relocated, reactivated and reintegrated. This reconstructive memory system is subject to a range of distortions, including erroneous incorporation of features from one memory into another, forming what are known as memory conjunction errors. Factors influencing the generation of conjunction errors in autobiographical memory (AM) have thus far received little empirical attention. Understanding the nature of AM conjunction errors affords us the opportunity to identify the circumstances that may facilitate the occurrence of these errors, particularly in situations where memory authenticity is of high priority, such as eyewitness testimony. The studies in this thesis illuminate several factors influencing the prevalence of AM conjunction errors. Study 1 demonstrates an imagination inflation effect for AM conjunction errors, whereby generating a highly vivid and plausible simulation at encoding increases the likelihood of a conjunction error later forming. Study 2 further reveals that the subjective and objective qualities of conjunction events at retrieval are similar to those of authentic memories, in line with a source monitoring account of false memories. In Studies 3 and 4 the cognitive processes underlying AM conjunction error formation were evaluated through the lens of healthy aging. Study 3 extends findings of an age-related increase in conjunction errors for simple laboratory stimuli to distinctive and personally-relevant AMs. Study 4 further demonstrates that declines in inhibition ability may underlie the increased rates of AM conjunction errors with age, and can account for some of the individual variation in conjunction error susceptibility in younger adults. These findings speak towards an overreliance on the familiarity garnered by the individual components of a conjunction lure, as well as a phenomenological dedifferentiation of conjunction events and veridical memories, as contributing to the formation of AM conjunction errors. This research expands our knowledge of the types of memory distortions to which the constructive memory system is prone, and also elucidates some of the mechanisms by which these errors are misattributed as reality.
Download or read book The Role of Feature Accessibility in Memory Conjunction Errors written by Mungchen Wong and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Cognitive Neuropsychology of False Memories written by Daniel L. Schacter and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People sometimes remember events that never happened. These illusory or false memories have important practical implications in various aspects of everyday life, and also have significant theoretical implications for cognitive and neuropsychological models of memory. Cognitive psychologists and neuropsychologists have long been aware of false recognition, confabulation, and related kinds of memory distortions, but during the past several years research on these topics has increased rapidly. In recognition of this emerging domain of interest, this special issue of Cognitive Neuropsychologyis devoted to the cognitive neuropsychology of false memories. Edited by Daniel L. Schacter, the special issue features experimental and theoretical contributions from leading cognitive psychologists, neuropsychologists, and neurologists that explore such issues as false recognition after frontal lobe damage, the nature of confabulation, amnesia and false memories, physiological correlates of memory illusions, memory distortions in normal and abnormal aging, and computational models of true and false memories. gical correlates of memory illusions, memory distortions in normal and abnormal aging, and computational models of true and false memories.
Download or read book Autobiographical Memory written by Charles P. Thompson and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing an unusual perspective on self and social memory different from the norm in social cognitive research, this volume describes the results of the authors' diary research now in progress for more than 15 years. It investigates the topic of autobiographical memory through longitudinal studies of graduate students' diaries. Recalled and examined in this volume, a recent collection of several long-term diaries -- spanning up to two-and-one-half years in length -- replicated and significantly extended the authors' earlier knowledge of autobiographical memory. These studies are analyzed for commonalities and differences within the entire body of their data. Organized by the major themes suggested by the authors' theoretical views, this volume will be significant to students and researchers of both memory in general, and personal or episodic memory in particular.
Download or read book Stevens Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Learning and Memory written by and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-02-01 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I. Learning & Memory: Elizabeth Phelps & Lila Davachi (Volume Editors) Topics covered include working memory; fear learning; education and memory; memory and future imagining; sleep and memory; emotion and memory; motivation and memory; inhibition in memory; attention and memory; aging and memory; autobiographical memory; eyewitness memory; and category learning.
Download or read book Interdisciplinary Perspectives and Advances in Understanding Adaptive Memory written by and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-09-16 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interdisciplinary Perspectives and Advances in Understanding Adaptive Memory presents the latest theories and research on what is known about adaptive memory, often referred to as survival memory. Conceptually, this is the study of memory systems that evolved to aid remembering survival and fitness-relevant information. In this volume survival is contextualized from many converging perspectives within psychology, including comparative psychology. Therefore, adaptive memory in animals, especially non-human primates, is covered in one of the book's four sections. The unification of viewpoints is achieved thematically, stemming from forensic science, cognitive neuroscience, biology, computer science, and anthropology. This interdisciplinary approach binds the chapters together and facilitates an integrative analysis of adaptive-survival memory in the concluding chapter.
Download or read book Autobiographical Memory written by Charles P. Thompson and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-10-10 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The organization of the first Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition (SARMAC) conference centered around two specifically identifiable research topics -- autobiographical memory and eyewitness memory. These two areas -- long-time staples on the menu of investigators of memory in more natural settings -- differ on a variety of dimensions, perhaps most notably in their specific goals for scientific inquiry and application. For many questions about memory and cognition that are of interest to scientific psychology, there have been historical as well as rather arbitrary reasons for their assignment to the autobiographical or eyewitness memory fields. Perhaps as a result of differing historical orientations, the first volume's seven autobiographical memory chapters focus upon the qualities or types of recall from research participants, whereas the seven chapters in the eyewitness memory volume generally focus upon the quantity (a concern for completeness) and accuracy of recall. This interest in the ultimate end-product and its application within the legal process in general encourages eyewitness memory investigators to modify their testing procedures continually in an attempt to gain even more information from participants about an event. Indeed, several of the eyewitness memory chapters reflect such attempts. Beyond the specific contributions of each chapter to the literature on autobiographical and eyewitness memory, the editors hope that the reader will come away with some general observations: * the autobiographical and eyewitness memory fields are thriving; * these two fields are likely to remain center stage in the further investigation of memory in natural contexts; * although the autobiographical and eyewitness memory chapters have been segregated in these two volumes, the separation is often more arbitrary than real and connections between the two areas abound; * the two research traditions are entirely mindful of fundamental laboratory methods, research, and theory -- sometimes drawing their research inspirations from that quarter; and * the two fields -- though driven largely by everyday memory concerns -- can contribute to a more basic understanding of memory at both an empirical and a theoretical level.
Download or read book Memory in a Social Context written by Takashi Tsukiura and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-15 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores new points of view of human memory in the link among mind, brain, and society. Research of human memory traditionally has been in the field of experimental psychology, and a number of psychological researchers have come upon important findings regarding human memory. They have provided critical theories to explain human memory processes, but this approach is hitting a brick wall. The experimental psychological approach or laboratory-based approach to human memory functions is examined in a very controlled environment, but the evidence obtained from this approach may not necessarily reflect real-life events in our mind. In addition, findings from experimental psychology have often ignored the link with biological structures, or the brain. One solution is a cognitive neuroscience approach, in which functional neuroimaging techniques have enabled us to view how memory processes are represented in the brain. In addition, the new approach extends the traditional concept of human memory into a wider framework by reconsidering memory functions in a social context. These advanced approaches help us to understand how “social memory” is represented in the human brain and is processed in real-life situations. The work reported in this volume is at the forefront of cognitive neuroscience in the research of human memory in a social context and the potential application of memory research. This book will help to motivate young scientists and graduate and undergraduate students in psychology and neuroscience.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Human Behavior written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-01-31 with total page 2475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Human Behavior, Second Edition, Three Voluime Set is an award-winning three-volume reference on human action and reaction, and the thoughts, feelings, and physiological functions behind those actions. Presented alphabetically by title, 300 articles probe both enduring and exciting new topics in physiological psychology, perception, personality, abnormal and clinical psychology, cognition and learning, social psychology, developmental psychology, language, and applied contexts. Written by leading scientists in these disciplines, every article has been peer-reviewed to establish clarity, accuracy, and comprehensiveness. The most comprehensive reference source to provide both depth and breadth to the study of human behavior, the encyclopedia will again be a much-used reference source. This set appeals to public, corporate, university and college libraries, libraries in two-year colleges, and some secondary schools. Carefully crafted, well written, and thoroughly indexed, the encyclopedia helps users—whether they are students just beginning formal study of the broad field or specialists in a branch of psychology—understand the field and how and why humans behave as we do. Named a 2013 Outstanding Academic Title by the American Library Association's Choice publication Concise entries (ten pages on average) provide foundational knowledge of the field Each article features suggested further readings, a list of related websites, a 5-10 word glossary and a definition paragraph, and cross-references to related articles in the encyclopedi Newly expanded editorial board and a host of international contributors from the United States, Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Sweden, and the United Kingdom
Download or read book Handbook of Applied Cognition written by Francis T. Durso and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-02-06 with total page 918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a team of leading international researchers under the guidance of Frank Durso, the second edition of the Handbook of Applied Cognition brings together the latest research into this challenging and important field, and is presented across thirty stimulating and accessible chapters. Stewarded by experiences editors from around the globe, the handbook has been fully updated with eleven new chapters covering materials that focus on the topics critical to understanding human mental functions in complex environments. It is an essential single-source reference for researchers, cognitive engineers and applied cognitive psychologists, as well as advanced students in the flourishing field of applied cognition.
Download or read book The Self and Memory written by Denise R. Beike and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2004-11-01 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Noted scholars from a broad range of sub-disciplines in psychology discuss the ways in which the memories of our lives come to influence who we are, our personalities, and our emotional functioning. Other topics covered include how our personalities and self-concepts influence what we remember from our lives, and the notion of memory and the self as interdependent psychological phenomena.
Download or read book False and Distorted Memories written by Robert A. Nash and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2016-10-04 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our memories shape how we think about the past, how we plan for the future, and how we think about ourselves. Yet our memories are also constantly being reinvented: we often remember our experiences differently from how they truly happened, and can even remember experiences that never happened at all. ? False and Distorted Memories provides an overview of recent and ongoing developments in the science of false memory. World-leading researchers unpick questions about flawed recollections, discussing issues as varied as the reliability of highly emotional memories, why we sometimes begin to remember fictional experiences that we have deliberately fabricated, and what happens when we stop believing our memories. Each chapter demonstrates how memory science has furthered our understanding of these important questions, by exploring theoretical ideas and psychological research methods that underpin their investigations. ? Edited by Robert Nash and James Ost, this volume offers an international and up-to-date perspective on false and distorted memories. The volume also draws attention to the broad range of real-life contexts in which such distortions might arise and their potential consequences. False and Distorted Memories illustrates the ease with which memory can be contaminated and the power of the resulting memory errors, providing an integral text for researchers and students interested in the psychology of memory.
Download or read book Memory Quirks written by Anne M. Cleary and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-28 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Memory Quirks explores the odd phenomena that challenge and upend our traditional understanding of human memory. Theory in memory research was developed to explain basic processes such as encoding and retrieval, recognition and recall, and semantic and episodic memory. However, the peculiar memory phenomena that we all occasionally experience often contradict standard theories of memory processing. Featuring research from leading international academics, Memory Quirks examines such topics as déjà vu, insight and creativity in memory, memory for past meals, the presque vu phenomenon, tip-of-the-tongue states, unconscious plagiarism, and borrowed, stolen, and long-term implicit memory. It also explains why these phenomena are important to understanding the entire spectrum of human memory. This fascinating book will appeal to undergraduate and postgraduate students, cognitive psychology and metamemory researchers, and those who wish to broaden their understanding of the complexities of memory.
Download or read book Understanding Eyewitness Memory written by Sean M. Lane and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2021-05-25 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential overview of how perception and memory affect eyewitness testimony In 1981, sixteen-year-old Michael Williams was convicted on charges of aggravated rape based on the victim’s eyewitness testimony. No other evidence was found linking him to the attack. After nearly twenty-four years, Williams was released after three separate DNA analyses proved his innocence. The victim still maintains that Williams was the culprit. This heartbreaking case is but one example of eyewitness error. In Understanding Eyewitness Memory, Sean M. Lane and Kate A. Houston delve into the science of eyewitness memory. They examine a number of important topics, from basic research on perception and memory to the implications of this research on the quality and accuracy of eyewitness evidence. The volume answers questions such as: How do we remember and describe people we’ve encountered? What is the nature of false and genuine memories? How do emotional arousal and stress affect what we remember? Understanding Eyewitness Memory offers a brilliant overview of how memory and psychology affect eyewitness testimony, where quality and accuracy can mean the difference between wrongful imprisonment and true justice.
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of the Imagination written by Anna Abraham and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-18 with total page 865 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human imagination manifests in countless different forms. We imagine the possible and the impossible. How do we do this so effortlessly? Why did the capacity for imagination evolve and manifest with undeniably manifold complexity uniquely in human beings? This handbook reflects on such questions by collecting perspectives on imagination from leading experts. It showcases a rich and detailed analysis on how the imagination is understood across several disciplines of study, including anthropology, archaeology, medicine, neuroscience, psychology, philosophy, and the arts. An integrated theoretical-empirical-applied picture of the field is presented, which stands to inform researchers, students, and practitioners about the issues of relevance across the board when considering the imagination. With each chapter, the nature of human imagination is examined - what it entails, how it evolved, and why it singularly defines us as a species.
Download or read book The Human Quest for Meaning written by Paul T. P. Wong and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-19 with total page 866 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of The Human Quest for Meaning was a major publication on the empirical research of meaning in life and its vital role in well-being, resilience, and psychotherapy. This new edition continues that quest and seeks to answer the questions, what is the meaning of life? How do we explain what constitutes meaningful relationships, work, and living? The answers, as the eminent scholars and practitioners who contributed to this text find, are neither simple nor straightforward. While seeking to clarify subjective vs. objective meaning in 21 new and 7 revised chapters, the authors also address the differences in cultural contexts, and identify 8 different sources of meaning, as well as at least 6 different stages in the process of the search for meaning. They also address different perspectives, including positive psychology, self-determination, integrative, narrative, and relational perspectives, to ensure that readers obtain the most thorough information possible. Mental health practitioners will find the numerous meaning-centered interventions, such as the PURE and ABCDE methods, highly useful in their own work with facilitating healing and personal growth in their clients. The Human Quest for Meaning represents a bold new vision for the future of meaning-oriented research and applications. No one seeking to truly understand the human condition should be without it.
Download or read book Associative Illusions of Memory written by David Gallo and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last decade has seen a flurry of experimental research into the neurocognitive underpinnings of illusory memories. Using simple materials and tests (e.g., recalling words or pictures), methods such as the famed Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) task have attracted considerable attention. These tasks elicit false memories of nonstudied events that are vivid, long lasting, and difficult to consciously avoid. Additional research shows that these memory illusions are fundamentally related to more complex memory distortions. As a result, this rapidly expanding literature has generated a great deal of excitement - and even some controversy - in contemporary psychology. Associative Illusions of Memory provides an ambitious overview of this research area. Starting with the historical roots and major theoretical trends, this book exhaustively reviews the most recent studies by cognitive psychologists, neuropsychologists, and cognitive neuroscientists. The strengths and limits of various experimental techniques are outlined, and the large body of existing data is meaningfully distilled into a few core theoretical concepts. This book highlights the malleability of memory, as well as the strategies and situations that can help us avoid false memories. Throughout the review, it is argued that these basic memory illusions contribute to a deeper understanding of how human memory works.
