Download or read book Authoritarian El Salvador written by Erik Ching and published by University of Notre Dame Pess. This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In December 1931, El Salvador’s civilian president, Arturo Araujo, was overthrown in a military coup. Such an event was hardly unique in Salvadoran history, but the 1931 coup proved to be a watershed. Araujo had been the nation’s first democratically elected president, and although no one could have foreseen the result, the coup led to five decades of uninterrupted military rule, the longest run in modern Latin American history. Furthermore, six weeks after coming to power, the new military regime oversaw the crackdown on a peasant rebellion in western El Salvador that is one of the worst episodes of state-sponsored repression in modern Latin American history. Democracy would not return to El Salvador until the 1990s, and only then after a brutal twelve-year civil war. In Authoritarian El Salvador: Politics and the Origins of the Military Regimes, 1880-1940, Erik Ching seeks to explain the origins of the military regime that came to power in 1931. Based on his comprehensive survey of the extant documentary record in El Salvador’s national archive, Ching argues that El Salvador was typified by a longstanding tradition of authoritarianism dating back to the early- to mid-nineteenth century. The basic structures of that system were based on patron-client relationships that wove local, regional, and national political actors into complex webs of rival patronage networks. Decidedly nondemocratic in practice, the system nevertheless exhibited highly paradoxical traits: it remained steadfastly loyal to elections as the mechanism by which political aspirants acquired office, and it employed a political discourse laden with appeals to liberty and free suffrage. That blending of nondemocratic authoritarianism with populist reformism and rhetoric set the precedent for military rule for the next fifty years.
Download or read book Stories of Civil War in El Salvador written by Erik Ching and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2016-08-26 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: El Salvador's civil war began in 1980 and ended twelve bloody years later. It saw extreme violence on both sides, including the terrorizing and targeting of civilians by death squads, recruitment of child soldiers, and the death and disappearance of more than 75,000 people. Examining El Salvador's vibrant life-story literature written in the aftermath of this terrible conflict--including memoirs and testimonials--Erik Ching seeks to understand how the war has come to be remembered and rebattled by Salvadorans and what that means for their society today. Ching identifies four memory communities that dominate national postwar views: civilian elites, military officers, guerrilla commanders, and working class and poor testimonialists. Pushing distinct and divergent stories, these groups are today engaged in what Ching terms a "narrative battle" for control over the memory of the war. Their ongoing publications in the marketplace of ideas tend to direct Salvadorans' attempts to negotiate the war's meaning and legacy, and Ching suggests that a more open, coordinated reconciliation process is needed in this postconflict society. In the meantime, El Salvador, fractured by conflicting interpretations of its national trauma, is hindered in dealing with the immediate problems posed by the nexus of neoliberalism, gang violence, and outmigration.
Download or read book The Salvador Option written by Russell Crandall and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-05-23 with total page 719 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a thorough and fair-minded interpretation of the role of the United States in El Salvador's civil war.
Download or read book The Impact of the Rural Repopulation Movement on the Transition from Authoritarian Rule in El Salvador written by Eric Popkin and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Forging Democracy from Below written by Elisabeth Jean Wood and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-10-30 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, first published in 2000, analyzes the role of economically marginalized people in recent transitions to democratic rule.
Download or read book Competitive Authoritarianism written by Steven Levitsky and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-08-16 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a detailed study of 35 cases in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and post-communist Eurasia, this book explores the fate of competitive authoritarian regimes between 1990 and 2008. It finds that where social, economic, and technocratic ties to the West were extensive, as in Eastern Europe and the Americas, the external cost of abuse led incumbents to cede power rather than crack down, which led to democratization. Where ties to the West were limited, external democratizing pressure was weaker and countries rarely democratized. In these cases, regime outcomes hinged on the character of state and ruling party organizations. Where incumbents possessed developed and cohesive coercive party structures, they could thwart opposition challenges, and competitive authoritarian regimes survived; where incumbents lacked such organizational tools, regimes were unstable but rarely democratized.
Download or read book From Clientelism to Militarism written by Erik Kristofer Ching and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 1086 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book New Authoritarianism written by Jerzy J. Wiatr and published by Verlag Barbara Budrich. This book was released on 2019-01-14 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authos deal with comparative aspects of contemporary authoritarianism. Authoritarian tendencies have appeared in several “old democracies” but their main successes take place in several states which departed from dictatorial regimes recently. The book contains case-studies of contemporary Hungarian, Kenyan, Polish, Russian and Turkish regimes.
Download or read book Freedom of Expression in El Salvador written by Lawrence Michael Ladutke and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2015-02-13 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both academics and diplomats frequently cite postwar El Salvador as an example of successful conflict resolution and democratization. Salvadoran human rights advocates, however, have had to continually and publicly express their support of key provisions in the 1992 peace accords. This freedom of expression contributed to the punishment of those responsible for the murder of opposition leader Francisco Velis and medical student Adriano Vilanova. Human rights advocates have been less successful in other areas, however, including their opposition to amnesty laws for wartime human rights violators and their work against vigilante death squads. This study covers the 1992 peace accords, which include the removal of human rights abusers from the military, the creation of a truth commission and the demilitarization of public security. It also discusses the troubling indications that the government is once again reducing the space available for freedom of expression, including the undermining of the Office of the Human Rights Counsel, the hostile attitude of President Francisco Flores, evidence of internal espionage and a changing international context. Later chapters focus on police reform. The book concludes by presenting some suggestions for increasing freedom of expression in transitional societies such as El Salvador. There is much evidence that shows human rights are likely to be a better protected right when citizens and civil society institutions routinely exercise their right to freedom of expression.
Download or read book Political Violence and the Authoritarian State in Peru written by J. Burt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-30 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Shining Path was one of the most brutal insurgencies ever seen in the Western Hemisphere. Political Violence and the Authoritarian State in Peru explores the devastating effects of insurgent violence and the state's brutal counterinsurgency methods on Peruvian civil society.
Download or read book Corruption Control in Authoritarian Regimes written by Christopher Carothers and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-07 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reveals how meaningful corruption control by authoritarian regimes is surprisingly common and follows a different playbook than democratic anti-corruption reform.
Download or read book After Insurgency written by Ralph Sprenkels and published by University of Notre Dame Pess. This book was released on 2018-04-30 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: El Salvador’s 2009 presidential elections marked a historical feat: Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN) became the first former Latin American guerrilla movement to win the ballot after failing to take power by means of armed struggle. In 2014, former comandante Salvador Sánchez Cerén became the country’s second FMLN president. After Insurgency focuses on the development of El Salvador’s FMLN from armed insurgency to a competitive political party. At the end of the war in 1992, the historical ties between insurgent veterans enabled the FMLN to reconvert into a relatively effective electoral machine. However, these same ties also fueled factional dispute and clientelism. Drawing on in-depth ethnographic fieldwork, Ralph Sprenkels examines El Salvador’s revolutionary movement as a social field, developing an innovative theoretical and methodological approach to the study of insurgent movements in general and their aftermath in particular, while weaving in the personal stories of former revolutionaries with a larger historical study of the civil war and of the transformation process of wartime forces into postwar political contenders. This allows Sprenkels to shed new light on insurgency’s persistent legacies, both for those involved as well as for Salvadoran politics at large. In documenting the shift from armed struggle to electoral politics, the book adds to ongoing debates about contemporary Latin America politics, the “pink tide,” and post-neoliberal electoralism. It also charts new avenues in the study of insurgency and its aftermath.
Download or read book Dictatorships in Twenty first century Latin America written by Osvaldo Hurtado and published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. This book was released on 2022-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Former President of Ecuador Osvaldo Hurtado explores the most important Latin American political phenomenon to emerge in the first two decades of the twenty-first century: democratic governments elected by citizens have become autocratic governments through the manipulation of republican institutions"--
Download or read book Seeking Peace in El Salvador written by D. Negroponte and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-01-17 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The resolution of the civil war in El Salvador coincided with the end of the Cold War. After two years of negotiations and a decade-long effort to implement the peace accords, this work examines how peace was made and whether it has endured.
Download or read book An Examination of the Institutionalization of Civilian Control Over the Military in Post authoritarian El Salvador and Guatemala written by Sara B. Spencer and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Forging Democracy from Below written by Elisabeth Jean Wood and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-11-06 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent replacement of authoritarian rule by democracy in both South Africa and El Salvador poses a puzzle: why did the powerful, anti-democratic elites of these countries abandon death squads, apartheid, and the other tools of political repression and take a chance on democracy? Forging Democracy From Below shows how popular mobilization--in El Salvador an effective guerilla army supported by peasant collaboration and in South Africa a powerful alliance of labor unions and poor urban dwellers--forced the elite to the bargaining table, and why a durable settlement and democratic government were the result.
Download or read book Modernizing Minds in El Salvador written by Héctor Lindo-Fuentes and published by University of New Mexico Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1960s and 1970s, El Salvador's reigning military regime instituted a series of reforms that sought to modernize the country and undermine ideological radicalism, the most ambitious of which was an education initiative. It was multifaceted, but its most controversial component was the use of televisions in classrooms. Launched in 1968 and lasting until the eve of civil war in the late 1970s, the reform resulted in students receiving instruction through programs broadcast from the capital city of San Salvador. The Salvadoran teachers' union opposed the content and the method of the reform and launched two massive strikes. The military regime answered with repressive violence, further alienating educators and pushing many of them into guerrilla fronts. In this thoughtful collaborative study, the authors examine the processes by which education reform became entwined in debates over theories of modernization and the politics of anticommunism. Further analysis examines how the movement pushed the country into the type of brutal infighting that was taking place throughout the third world as the U.S. and U.S.S.R. struggled to impose their political philosophies on developing countries.
