Download or read book Chemical Sciences in the 20th Century written by Carsten Reinhardt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-09-26 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemistry in the last century was characterized by spectacular growth and advances, stimulated by revolutionary theories and experimental breakthroughs. Yet, despite this rapid development, the history of this scientific discipline has achieved only recently the status necessary to understand the effects of chemistry on the scientific and technological culture of the modern world. This book addresses the bridging of boundaries between chemistry and the other "classical" disciplines of science, physics and biology as well as the connections of chemistry to mathematics and technology. Chemical research is represented as an interconnected patchwork of scientific specialties, and this is shown by a mixture of case studies and broader overviews on the history of organic chemistry, theoretical chemistry, nuclear- and cosmochemistry, solid state chemistry, and biotechnology. All of these fields were at the center of the development of twentieth century chemistry, and the authors cover crucial topics such as the emergence of new subdisciplines and research fields, the science-technology relationship, and national styles of scientific work. This monograph represents a unique treasure trove for general historians and historians of science, while also appealing to those interested in the theoretical background and development of modern chemistry.

Download or read book The Lost Elements written by Marco Fontani and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The story of the false entries, good-faith errors, retractions, and mistakes that occurred during the formation of the Periodic Table of Elements as we know it.

Download or read book The Heaviest Metals written by William J. Evans and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-01-08 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative survey of the science and advanced technological uses of the actinide and transactinide metals The Heaviest Metals offers an essential resource that covers the fundamentals of the chemical and physical properties of the heaviest metals as well as the most recent advances in their science and technology. The authors – noted experts in the field – offer an authoritative review of the actinide and transactinide elements, i.e., the elements from actinium to lawrencium as well as rutherfordium through organesson, the current end of the periodic table, element 118. The text explores the history of the metals, their occurrence and issues of production, and covers a broad range of chemical subjects including environmental concerns and remediation approaches. The authors also offer information on the most recent and emerging applications of the metals, such as in superconducting materials, catalysis, and research into medical diagnostics. This important resource: Provides an overview of the science and advanced technological uses of the actinide and transactinide metals Describes the basic chemical and physical properties of the heaviest metals, and discusses the challenges and opportunities for their technological applications Contains accessible information on the fundamental features of the heaviest metals, special requirements for their experimental study, and the critical role of computational characterization of their compounds Highlights the most current and emerging applications in areas such as superconducting materials, catalysis, nuclear forensics, and medicine Presents vital contemporary issues of the heaviest metals Written for graduate students and researchers working with the actinide and transactinide elements, industrial and academic inorganic and nuclear chemists, and engineers, The Heaviest Metals is a comprehensive volume that explores the fundamental chemistry and properties of the heaviest metals, and the challenges and opportunities associated with their present and emerging technological uses.

Download or read book Atti del III convegno nazionale di storia e fondamenti della chimica written by Ferdinando Abbri and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Natural Particulars written by Anthony Grafton and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently the history of science in early modern Europe has been both invigorated and obscured by divisions between scholars of different schools. One school tends to claim that rigorous textual analysis provides the key to the development of science, whereas others tend to focus on the social and cultural contexts within which disciplines grew. This volume challenges such divisions, suggesting that multiple historical approaches are both legitimate and mutually complementary."--

Download or read book Laboratories of Art written by Sven Dupré and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-25 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the interconnections and differentiations between artisanal workshops and alchemical laboratories and between the arts and alchemy from Antiquity to the eighteenth century. In particular, it scrutinizes epistemic exchanges between producers of the arts and alchemists. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries the term laboratorium uniquely referred to workplaces in which ‘chemical’ operations were performed: smelting, combustion, distillation, dissolution and precipitation. Artisanal workshops equipped with furnaces and fire in which ‘chemical’ operations were performed were also known as laboratories. Transmutational alchemy (the transmutation of all base metals into more noble ones, especially gold) was only one aspect of alchemy in the early modern period. The practice of alchemy was also about the chemical production of things--medicines, porcelain, dyes and other products as well as precious metals and about the knowledge of how to produce them. This book uses examples such as the Uffizi to discuss how Renaissance courts established spaces where artisanal workshops and laboratories were brought together, thus facilitating the circulation of materials, people and knowledge between the worlds of craft (today’s decorative arts) and alchemy. Artisans became involved in alchemical pursuits beyond a shared material culture and some crafts relied on chemical expertise offered by scholars trained as alchemists. Above all, texts and books, products and symbols of scholarly culture played an increasingly important role in artisanal workshops. In these workplaces a sort of hybrid figure was at work. With one foot in artisanal and the other in scholarly culture this hybrid practitioner is impossible to categorize in the mutually exclusive categories of scholar and craftsman. By the seventeenth century the expertise of some glassmakers, silver and goldsmiths and producers of porcelain was just as based in the worlds of alchemical and bookish learning as it was grounded in hands-on work in the laboratory. This book suggests that this shift in workshop culture facilitated the epistemic exchanges between alchemists and producers of the decorative arts.

Download or read book Early Responses to the Periodic System written by Masanori Kaji and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of comparative studies on the reception, response, and appropriation of the periodic system of elements in eleven countries.

Download or read book Isis Cumulative Bibliography 1986 1995 Time periods 19th and 20th centuries Book reviews written by John Neu and published by Science History Publications/USA. This book was released on 1997 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Universities and Science in the Early Modern Period written by Mordechai Feingold and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-09 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes most of the contributions presented at a conference on “Univ- sities and Science in the Early Modern Period” held in 1999 in Valencia, Spain. The conference was part of the “Five Centuries of the Life of the University of Valencia” (Cinc Segles) celebrations, and from the outset we had the generous support of the “Patronato” (Foundation) overseeing the events. In recent decades, as a result of a renewed attention to the institutional, political, social, and cultural context of scienti?c activity, we have witnessed a reappraisal of the role of the universities in the construction and development of early modern science. In essence, the following conclusions have been reached: (1) the attitudes regarding scienti?c progress or novelty differed from country to country and follow differenttrajectoriesinthecourseoftheearlymodernperiod;(2)institutionsofhigher learning were the main centers of education for most scientists; (3) although the universities were sometimes slow to assimilate new scienti?c knowledge, when they didsoithelpednotonlytoremovethesuspicionthatthenewsciencewasintellectually subversivebutalsotomakesciencearespectableandevenprestigiousactivity;(4)the universities gave the scienti?c movement considerable material support in the form of research facilities such as anatomical theaters, botanical gardens, and expensive instruments; (5) the universities provided professional employment and a means of support to many scientists; and (6) although the relations among the universities and the academies or scienti?c societies were sometimes antagonistic, the two types of institutionsoftenworkedtogetherinharmony,performingcomplementaryratherthan competing functions; moreover, individuals moved from one institution to another, as did knowledge, methods, and scienti?c practices.

Download or read book De re metallica written by Mauro Cavallini and published by L'ERMA di BRETSCHNEIDER. This book was released on 2006 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Atti written by Istituto veneto de scienze, lettere ed arti and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Shocking Frogs written by Marco Piccolino and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "... and still we could never suppose that fortune were to be so friendly to us, such as to allow us to be perhaps the first in handling, as it were, the electricity concealed in nerves, in extracting it from nerves, and, in some way, in putting it under everyone's eyes." With these words, Luigi Galvani announced to the world in 1791 his discovery that nervous conduction and muscle excitation are electrical phenomena. The result of more than years of intense experimental work, Galvani's milestone achievement concluded a thousand-year scientific search, in a field long dominated by the antiquated beliefs of classical science. Besides laying the grounds for the development of the modern neurosciences, Galvani's discovery also brought to light an invention that would forever change humankind's everyday life: the electric battery of Alessandro Volta. In an accessible style, written for specialists and general readers alike, Shocking Frogs retraces the steps of both scientific discoveries, starting with the initial hypotheses of the Enlightenment on the involvement of electricity in life processes. So doing, it also reveals the inconsistency of the many stereotypes that an uncritical cultural tradition has imparted to the legacies of Galvani and Volta, and proposes a decidedly new image of these monumental figures.

Download or read book Studies on Volta and his Times written by Fabio Bevilacqua and published by Hoepli. This book was released on 2000 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Practice of Reform in Health Medicine and Science 1500 2000 written by Scott Mandelbrote and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Histories of medicine and science are histories of political and social change, as well as accounts of the transformation of particular disciplines over time. Taking their inspiration from the work of Charles Webster, the essays in this volume consider the effect that demands for social and political reform have had on the theory and, above all, the practice of medicine and science, and on the promotion of human health, from the Renaissance and Enlightenment up to the present. The eighteen essays by an international group of scholars provide case studies, covering a wide range of locations and contexts, of the successes and failures of reform and reformers in challenging the status quo. They discuss the impact of religious and secular ideologies on ideas about the nature and organization of health, medicine, and science, as well as the effects of social and political institutions, including the professions themselves, in shaping the possibilities for reform and renewal. The Practice of Reform in Health, Medicine, and Science, 1500-2000 also addresses the afterlife of reforming concepts, and describes local and regional differences in the practice and perception of reform, culminating in the politics of welfare in the twentieth century. The authors build up a composite picture of the interaction of politics and health, medicine, and science in western Europe over time that can pose questions for the future of policy as well as explaining some of the successes and failures of the past.

Download or read book La porcellana dei Medici written by Alessandro Alinari and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Rendiconti della Accademia nazionale delle scienze detta dei XL written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Atti della Reale Accademia delle scienze di Torino written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: