Download or read book Attachment Structures and Adhesive Secretions in Arachnids written by Jonas O. Wolff and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-13 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book surveys attachment structures and adhesive secretions occurring in this class of animals and discusses the relationships between structure, properties, and function in the context of evolutionary trends, and biomimetic potential. Topics comprise mechanical attachment devices, such as clamps, claws, hooks, spines and wraps, as well as hairy and smooth adhesive pads, nano-fibrils, suction cups, and viscid and solidifying adhesives. Attachment is one of the major types of interactions between an organism and its environment. There are numerous studies that deal with this phenomenon in lizards, frogs, insects, barnacles, mussels and echinoderms, but the second largest class of animals, the Arachnida, was highly neglected so far. The authors demonstrated that most arachnid adhesive structures are highly analogous to those of insects and vertebrates, but there are also numerous unique developments with some intriguing working principles. Because arachnid attachment organs have a very strong potential of technological ideas for the development of new materials and systems, inspirations from biology could also be interesting for a broad range of topics in materials and surface engineering.

Download or read book Bio inspired Structured Adhesives written by Lars Heepe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-21 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the adhesion, friction and contact mechanics of living organisms. Further, it presents the remarkable adhesive abilities of the living organisms which inspired the design of novel micro- and nanostructured adhesives that can be used in various applications, such as climbing robots, reusable tapes, and biomedical bandages. The technologies for both the synthesis and construction of bio-inspired adhesive micro- and nanostructures, as well as their performance, are discussed in detail. Representatives of several animal groups, such as insects, spiders, tree frogs, and lizards, are able to walk on (and therefore attach to) tilted, vertical surfaces, and even ceilings in different environments. Studies have demonstrated that their highly specialized micro- and nanostructures, in combination with particular surface chemistries, are responsible for this impressive and reversible adhesion. These structures can maximize the formation of large effective contact areas on surfaces of varying roughness and chemical composition under different environmental conditions.

Download or read book New World Tarantulas written by Fernando Pérez-Miles and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-15 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Theraphosidae are the most famous and diverse mygalomorph spiders, and include some of the largest arachnids on earth. Their unique defense mechanisms, predatory tactics, reproductive strategies and ecological adaptations are displayed by a wide range of terrestrial, burrowing and arboreal species. These arachnids are familiar to the general public thanks to horror movies and a growing interest in tarantulas as pets; however, scientific information on the group is scattered throughout the literature and not easily available. This book reviews all major aspects of New World Theraphosid tarantulas and provides in-depth information on their evolution, taxonomy, behavior, physiology, ecology, reproduction, conservation and biogeography. As a comprehensive guide to the biology of tarantulas, it will appeal to researchers, students and terrarium hobbyists alike.

Download or read book Functional Surfaces in Biology III written by Stanislav N. Gorb and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-23 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to the rapidly growing area of science dealing with structure and properties of biological surfaces in their relation to particular functions. This volume, written by a team of specialists from different disciplines, covers various biological surface functions: sensing, coloration, attachment, drag reduction, moisture harvesting, etc. Because biological surfaces have a virtually endless potential of technological ideas for the development of new materials and systems, inspirations from biology could also be interesting for a broad range of topics in surface engineering. This volume together with two previous volumes “Functional Surfaces in Biology” (vols. 1 & 2 published in 2009) taken together, present a good reference for a novice in the field. The book is intended for use by researchers who are active, or intend to become active, in the field. The appeal of this topic is expected to be broad, ranging from classical biology, biomechanics and physics to such applied fields as materials science and surface engineering.

Download or read book Soft Robotics written by Gareth J. Monkman and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2022-04-08 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soft robotics is a subfield of robotics that encompasses the design and fabrication of robots with soft and compliant materials. Soft robots represent components like human prosthetics or biomimicking systems. Soft robotics relies on technically astute designs based on the correct choice of materials to enable a level of dexterity not possible with rigid components alone. The basic prime movers (actuators) and perception (sensors) require control systems capable of accommodating imprecise feedback data and often unpredictable reaction times. Mobility in such robots is more akin to entomological or marine systems than conventional guided vehicles. This reference is a guide to materials and systems used in soft robotics. If features 6 chapters contributed by robotics experts that review fundamental and applied topics that are important for understanding the requirements of soft robotics design projects and the physics of the polymers involved. Chapters are organized for easy reading and include references. The topics include: - Aspects of materials processing and engineering for the development of soft robotic devices - A review on biological gripping principles and their application to robotics - Information about self-sensing electroadhesive polymer grippers with magnetically controllable surface geometry - Theoretical and experimental investigations of magnetic hybrid materials - Modeling and dynamic analysis of a novel rotary soft robotic arm by transfer matrix method - Design and control of a portable continuum robot for pipe inspection assisted by a rigid manipulator This book is a suitable reference for scholars and engineers who are seeking knowledge about materials and design principles in soft robotics with its practical applications.

Download or read book Frontiers in Silk Science and Technology written by Nicola Maria Pugno and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-07-27 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Technologies for economic and functional lightweight design written by Klaus Dröder and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-10 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprises the proceedings of the conference “Future Production of Hybrid Structures 2020”, which took place in Wolfsburg. The conference focused on hybrid lightweight design, which is characterized by the combination of different materials with the aim of improving properties and reducing weight. In particular, production technologies for hybrid lightweight design were discussed, new evaluation methods for the ecological assessment of hybrid components were presented and future-oriented approaches motivated by nature for the development of components, assemblies and systems were introduced. Lightweight design is a key technology for the development of sustainable and resource-efficient mobility concepts. Vehicle manufacturers operate in an area of conflict between customer requirements, competition and legislation. Material hybrid structures, which combine the advantages of different materials, have a high potential for reducing weight, while simultaneously expanding component functionality. The future, efficient use of function-integrated hybrid structures in vehicle design requires innovations and constant developments in vehicle and production technology. There is a great demand, especially with regard to new methods and technologies, for "affordable" lightweight construction in large-scale production, taking into account the increasing requirements with regard to variant diversity, safety and quality.

Download or read book Convergent Evolution written by Vincent L. Bels and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-01 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a series of case studies, at different levels of inclusivity, of how organisms exhibit functional convergence as a key evolutionary mechanism resulting in responses to similar environmental constraints in mechanically similar ways. The contributors to this volume have selected and documented cases of convergent evolution of form and function that are perceived to be driven by environmental abiotic and/or biotic challenges that fall within their areas of expertise. Collectively these chapters explore this phenomenon across a broad phylogenetic spectrum. The sequence of chapters follows the organizational principle of increasing phylogenetic inclusivity, rather than the clustering of chapters by perceived similarity of the phenotypic features or biomechanical challenges being considered. This is done to maintain focus on the evolutionary phenomenon that is the primary subject matter of the book, thereby providing a basis for discussion among the readership about what is necessary and sufficient to justify the recognition of functional convergence. All chapters stress the need for integrative approaches for the elucidation of both pattern and process as they relate to convergence at various taxonomic levels.

Download or read book Bioadhesion written by Stanislav N. Gorb and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-11-01 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Multi disciplinary Study of Insect Adhesion written by Matthew James Anyon and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability of insects to successfully attach to a wide variety of surfaces with seemingly little to no effort has fascinated naturalists and researchers for hundreds of years. The observation of a fly climbing up a window, or spider walking upside down on our ceilings is a commonly overlooked and under-appreciated sight. The advanced ability of insects to attach themselves successfully to different surfaces for the purpose of locomotion, under different orientations and in a fast, reliable and efficient manner is not only an impressive natural capability but also crucial to the survival and ecology of the insect, and by extension to the success of the species as a whole. To achieve this adhesive ability insects utilise a 'wet' adhesive system, making use of specialised functional adhesive pad structures which deploy a liquid secretion to the contact zone which aids adhesion through capillary and viscous forces. These attachment pads can be loosely classified as either 'smooth' or 'hairy' and are found in most insect species studied to date. Predictions from a small number of simple theoretical models of insect attachment have been experimentally verified for a number of insects species, however, due to the vastness of the insect world, the exact physical mechanisms underlying insect adhesion for the majority of insects is still unclear. Through the use of qualitative and quantitative experiments of several species of ant (Hymenoptera; Formicidae) and ladybird (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae) we characterise the functional morphology of the attachment devices and properties of the adhesive secretion of smooth and fibrillar attachment devices found in these insects. In an effort to gain a greater understanding of the physical mechanism of wet insect adhesion to smooth surfaces, we compare in vivo force measurement results from several custom-built force measurement techniques with predictions from a number of theoretical contact-mechanic models under conditions of adhesion normal to, and friction forces tangential to the substrate. By varying the physico-chemical properties of the substrates within these experiments, and the orientation of the insects under investigation, the magnitudes of these contributions under different experimental conditions is determined, and the results are discussed in the context of the magnitudes of different surface forces that may be acting during adhesive and frictional detachment processes, as well as the influence of the substrate surface energy. By applying this understanding towards the investigation and development of novel antiadhesive surfaces for use in domestic and industrial settings, several methods of reducing or preventing insect attachment forces are investigated and discussed in the context of creating environmentally and ecologically friendly strategies of pest control. In summary this thesis provides evidence for links between the physico-chemical properties of a substrate and adhesive forces generated by insects during locomotion, and how an insects' adhesive ability on a particular substrate may influence their behaviour. Results from this study will be helpful in designing the next generation of smart adhesives, but could also lead to novel anti-adhesive barriers for environmentally friendly strategies of pest-control.

Download or read book Whip Spiders written by Peter Weygoldt and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-10-25 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whip spiders (Amblypygi) can be large and terrifying animals with strong, raptorial pedipalps and long antenniform first legs that can produce a span of as much as 60 cm. Others are small and scarcely span 5 cm. They all lead a secretive nocturnal life and are extremely dangerous to other arthropods and small vertebrates. In contrast to spiders and scorpions, they are of no commercial, economic or medical importance and they are difficult to study in the field because of their nocturnal habits, possible reasons why they have been greatly neglected until recently, by scientists and naturalists. Whip spiders represent an old group that dates back to the Carboniferous period. Their partly primitive and partly derived morphological characters and habits make the study of these animals interesting, while observation of their behaviour greatly increases our knowledge and understanding of arachnids in general. In this book the author describes their morphology and systematics, their life history, their fascinating sensory biology, their complex mating dances and reproductive biology, and their ecology and distribution. Thus he has made a significant contibution to a better understanding of the morphology and biology of the Arachnida as a whole. Whip Spiders is an outstanding contribution to science and it will be of interest for anyone with an interest in Arachnida and for those keeping and breeding spiders.

Download or read book Biological Adhesives written by Andrew M. Smith and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-22 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many creatures use adhesive polymers and structures to attach to inert substrates, to each other, or to other organisms. This is the first major review that brings together research on many of the well-known biological adhesives dealing with bacteria, fungi, algae, and marine and terrestrial animals. As we learn more about their molecular and mechanical properties we begin to understand why they adhere so well and with this comes broad applications in areas such as medicine, dentistry, and biotechnology.

Download or read book Handbook of Adhesion Technology written by Lucas F. M. da Silva and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-08-10 with total page 1554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adhesives have been used for thousands of years, but until 100 years ago, the vast majority was from natural products such as bones, skins, fish, milk, and plants. Since about 1900, adhesives based on synthetic polymers have been introduced, and today, there are many industrial uses of adhesives and sealants. It is difficult to imagine a product—in the home, in industry, in transportation, or anywhere else for that matter—that does not use adhesives or sealants in some manner. The Handbook of Adhesion Technology is intended to be the definitive reference in the field of adhesion. Essential information is provided for all those concerned with the adhesion phenomenon. Adhesion is a phenomenon of interest in diverse scientific disciplines and of importance in a wide range of technologies. Therefore, this handbook includes the background science (physics, chemistry and materials science), engineering aspects of adhesion and industry specific applications. It is arranged in a user-friendly format with ten main sections: theory of adhesion, surface treatments, adhesive and sealant materials, testing of adhesive properties, joint design, durability, manufacture, quality control, applications and emerging areas. Each section contains about five chapters written by internationally renowned authors who are authorities in their fields. This book is intended to be a reference for people needing a quick, but authoritative, description of topics in the field of adhesion and the practical use of adhesives and sealants. Scientists and engineers of many different backgrounds who need to have an understanding of various aspects of adhesion technology will find it highly valuable. These will include those working in research or design, as well as others involved with marketing services. Graduate students in materials, processes and manufacturing will also want to consult it.

Download or read book Attachment Devices of Insect Cuticle written by Stanislav S. N. Gorb and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1974 when I published my book, Biological Mechanism of Attachment, not many pages were required to report on the attachment devices of insect cuticles. As in most fields of research, our knowledge on this specific subject has simply exploded. Dr. Stanislav N. Gorb now describes the present day level of our knowledge, to which he has personally contributed so much, and a research team working on biological microtribology has gradually developed, also. With modern methods of measurement it is possible to enter the structure – function relationship much more deeply, even down to a molecular level, which was not possible two and a half decades ago. It is a well known fact that, in biology, the more sophisticated the measuring method, the greater the achievement of biological fundamental research, and its resulting evidence. Our knowledge remains at a certain level until new methods once more permit a forward leap. Biological knowledge develops in the form of a stepped curve rather than linear, as reflected in the studies carried out on the attachment devices of insect cuticles.

Download or read book Ecophysiology of Spiders written by Wolfgang Nentwig and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently another book on insect physiology was published. It was restricted to a few focal points as are many of these new insect physiology books, but there was considerable depth in its specialized point of view. We were dis cussing the structure of this book and of insect physiology books, in general, when Prof. Remmert asked me " . . . and what about books on spider physio logy?" Silence. Then I started to explain "oh yes, there is a congress pro ceedings volume on this topic and there is a group with excellent publica tions on another topic . . . ", but I felt that this answer was weak. One can no longer buy the proceedings volume in a bookshop and to read a series of publications on a given topic one must search in a library for a dozen journals. Why is there not a single book on spider physiology comparable with the many books on insect physiology? Are spiders a scientific ivory tower, far from public interest and commercial importance? I do not think so, although spiders are one of the many "forgotten" animal groups which always grew in the shadow of the insects. There are research groups working on spider physiology, there are fascinating phenomena in this animal group and there are plenty of exciting results. Spiders may have been always underresearch ed, but research is progressing. In the last few years, new books have been published, e. g.

Download or read book Biology of Spiders written by Rainer Foelix and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2011-05-05 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the only books to treat the whole spider, from its behavior and physiology to its neurobiology and reproductive characteristics, Biology of Spiders is considered a classic in spider literature. First published in German in 1979, the book is now in its third edition, and has established itself as the supreme authority on these fascinating creatures. Containing five hundred new references, this book incorporates the latest research while dispelling many oft-heard myths and misconceptions that surround spiders. Of special interest are chapters on the structure and function of spider webs and silk, as well as those on spider venom. A new subchapter on tarantulas will appeal especially to tarantula keepers and breeders. The highly accessible text is supplemented by exceptional, high-quality photographs, many of them originals, and detailed diagrams. It will be of interest to arachnologists, entomologists, and zoologists, as well as to academics, students of biology, and the general reader curious about spiders.

Download or read book Combined Discrete and Continual Approaches in Biological Modelling written by Alexander E. Filippov and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic laws of nature are rather simple, but observed biological structures and their dynamic behaviors are unbelievably complicated. This book is devoted to a study of this “strange” relationship by applying mathematical modeling to various structures and phenomena in biology, such as surface patterns, bioadhesion, locomotion, predator-prey behavior, seed dispersal, etc. and revealing a kind of self-organization in these phenomena. In spite of diversity of biological systems considered, two main questions are (1) what does self-organization in biology mean mathematically and (2) how one can apply this knowledge to generate new knowledge about behavior of particular biological system? We believe that this kind of “biomimetics” in computer will lead to better understanding of biological phenomena and possibly towards development of technical implications based on our modeling.