Download or read book Atmospheric Tidal and Planetary Waves written by Hans Volland and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior to the space age, meteorologists rarely paid particular attention to the height regions above the tropopause. What was known about the upper atmosphere above about 100 km came essentially from ionospheric and geomagnetic research. The region in between, presently known as the middle atmosphere, was almost terra incognita above the height reachable by balloons. It was space research that allowed for the first time direct access to middle and upper atmospheric heights. About 40 years ago, Sidney Chapman coined a new word 'aeronomy' to describe the study of these two height regions. When asked about the difference between aeronomy and meteorology, he allegedly replied: 'it is the same as between astronomy and astrology' . This mild irony indicates the preferred prejudice of many ionospheric physicists and geomagneticians in those days toward meteorology as a descriptive rather than an exact science, in spite of the presence of such giants as Carl Rossby and Hans Ertel.
Download or read book Atmospheric Waves written by Tom Beer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1974 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Upper Atmosphere written by Walter Dieminger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1023 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Especially due to the increasing environmental problems there is a need to collect as many data as possible in the upper atmosphere. This book serves as a general multidisciplinary guide and introduction for a more effective use of the large amount of now available data from the Earth's atmosphere. It also shows the problems of the use of large amounts of time series data - for basic science as well as for environmental monitoring - and the related information systems. The book is aimed for scientists and students interested in the Earth's atmosphere which is vital for the understanding of environmental changes in the global system Earth.
Download or read book Atmospheric Tides written by S. Chapman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Everyone is familiar with the daily changes of air temperature. The barometer shows that these are accompanied by daily changes of mass distribution of the atmosphere, and consequently with daily motions of the air. In the tropics the daily pressure change is evident on the barographs; in temperate and higher latitudes it is not noticeable, being overwhelmed by cyclonic and anticyclonic pressure variations. There too, however, the daily change can be found by averaging the variations over many days; and the same process suffices to show that there is a still smaller lunar tide in the atmosphere, first sought by Laplace. Throughout nearly two centuries these 'tides', thermal and gravitational, have been extensively discussed in the periodical literature of science, although they are very minor phenomena at ground level. This monograph summarizes our present knowledge and theoretical under standing of them. It is more than twenty years since the appearance of the one previous monograph on them - by Wilkes - and nearly a decade since they were last comprehensively reviewed, by Siebert. The intervening years have seen many additions to our know ledge of the state of the upper atmosphere, and of the tides there, on the basis of measurements by radio, rockets and satellites.
Download or read book Non linear Interactions Between Tides and Planetary Waves Resulting in Periodic Tidal Variability written by A. Gary Beard and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modeling the Ionosphere Thermosphere written by J. D. Huba and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-03-17 with total page 735 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 201. Modeling the Ionosphere-Thermosphere System brings together for the first time a detailed description of the physics of the IT system in conjunction with numerical techniques to solve the complex system of equations that describe the system, as well as issues of current interest. Volume highlights include discussions of: Physics of the ionosphere and thermosphere IT system, and the numerical methods to solve the basic equations of the IT system The physics and numerical methods to determine the global electrodynamics of the IT system The response of the IT system to forcings from below (i.e., the lower atmosphere) and from above (i.e., the magnetosphere) The physics and numerical methods to model ionospheric irregularities Data assimilation techniques, comparison of model results to data, climate variability studies, and applications to space weather Providing a clear description of the physics of this system in several tutorial-like articles, Modeling the Ionosphere-Thermosphere System is of value to the upper atmosphere science community in general. Chapters describing details of the numerical methods used to solve the equations that describe the IT system make the volume useful to both active researchers in the field and students.
Download or read book The Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere written by R. M. Johnson and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1995-01-09 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 87. This volume provides a review of progress made in recent years in experimental and theoretical investigation of the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere and coupling between these regions and the ionosphere. Detailed study of the mesosphere/lower thermosphere/ionosphere (MLTI) region has historically been difficult because of its relative inaccessibility to direct measurement techniques and the complex and highly coupled processes which occur there. Although we have still not successfully unraveled all these complex interactions, we have made significant recent progress toward a fuller understanding of the basic state of the MLTI and of the dominant wave and coupling processes. This monograph includes a set of tutorial papers, which review our current understanding of aspects of the MLTI. These tutorials are interspersed with a selection of papers describing research progress on various topics of current interest in this region. The book should therefore be useful both to the newcomer, as an introduction to this field of research, and to the more experienced researcher, providing an overview of research in progress as well as a convenient reference collection of papers describing our current understanding.
Download or read book Ground based Optical Detection of Atmospheric Waves in the Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere written by Douglas P. Drob and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Compendium of Theoretical Atmospheric Tidal Structures written by J. M. Forbes and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report documents the equations, coefficient parameterizations, method of numerical solution, and results from a theoretical (numerical) model of atmospheric tidal oscillations from the surface to 400 km. The westerly, northerly, and vertical winds and temperature are governed by four second order partial differential equations derived from the perturbation fluid equations for momentum, continuity, thermal energy, and the ideal gas law applied to a spherical, rotating, viscous atmosphere with anisotropic ion drag. The equations represent perturbations about a basic atmospheric state with latitude- and height-dependent mean winds, temperature, and composition. Model parameterizations described include mean winds and temperatures, molecular and eddy viscosity and thermal conductivity, ion-neutral collision frequency for momentum transfer, and solar thermal and lunar gravitational forcing. Thermal excitation occurs via absorption of EUV and UV radiation in the thermosphere, H2O insolation absorption in the troposphere and lower stratosphere, and O3 insolation absorption in the mesosphere. Ion-neutral coupling provides an important semidiurnal momentum source in the F-region. In addition, extensive tabulations and figures representing numerical solutions of diurnal and semidiurnal temperatures and winds every 6 deg of latitude from the surface to 400 km are presented for equinox and solstice conditions.
Download or read book Non Migrating Diurnal Tides Generated with Planetary Waves in the Mesosphere written by H. G. Mayr and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-08 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We report here the results from a modeling study with our Numerical Spectral Model (NSM) that extends from the ground into thermosphere. The NSM incorporates Hines Doppler Spread Parameterization for small-scale gravity waves (GWs) and describes the major dynamical features of the atmosphere, including the wave driven equatorial oscillations (QBO and SAO), and the seasonal variations of tides and planetary waves. Accounting solely for the solar migrating tidal excitation sources, the NSM generates through dynamical interactions also non-migrating tides in the mesosphere that have amplitudes comparable to those observed. The model produces the diurnal (and semidiurnal) oscillations of the zonal mean (m = 0), and eastward and westward propagating tides for zonal wave numbers m = 1 to 4. To identify the mechanism of excitation for these tides, a numerical experiment is performed. The NSM is run without the heat source for the zonal-mean circulation and temperature variation, and the amplitudes of the resulting nonmigrating tides are then negligibly small. This leads to the conclusion that the planetary waves, which normally are excited in the NSM by instabilities but are suppressed in this case, generate the nonmigrating tides through nonlinear interactions with the migrating tides.
Download or read book Space Physics and Aeronomy Upper Atmosphere Dynamics and Energetics written by Wenbin Wang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-14 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of the structure and variability of the upper atmosphere Earth's upper atmosphere is an open system that is strongly influenced by energy and momentum inputs from both above and below. New observation and modeing techniques have provided insights into dynamics, energetics, and chemical processes in the upper atmosphere. Upper Atmosphere Dynamics and Energetics presents an overview of key research advances in upper atmospheric physics, and measurement and modeling techniques, along with remaining challenges for understanding the state and variability of the upper atmospheric system. Volume highlights include: Insights into the interconnections between different areas of upper atmospheric science Appreciation of the dynamics and complexity of the global upper atmospheric system Techniques for observing and measuring the upper atmosphere Responses of the upper atmosphere to external drivers The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about the Space Physics and Aeronomy collection in this Q&A with the Editors in Chief
Download or read book Aeronomy of the Earth s Atmosphere and Ionosphere written by Mangalathayil Ali Abdu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-26 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a multi-author treatise on the most outstanding research problems in the field of the aeronomy of the Earth’s atmosphere and ionosphere, encompassing the science covered by Division II of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA). It contains several review articles and detailed papers by leading scientists in the field. The book is organized in five parts: 1) Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere Dynamics and Chemistry; 2) Vertical Coupling by Upward Propagating Waves; 3) Ionospheric Electrodynamics and Structuring; 4) Thermosphere- Ionosphere Coupling, Dynamics and Trends and 5) Ionosphere-Thermosphere Disturbances and Modeling. The book consolidates the progress achieved in the field in recent years and it serves as a useful reference for graduate students as well as experienced researchers.
Download or read book Middle Atmosphere written by PLUMB and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PAGEOPH, stratosphere, these differences provide us with new evidence, interpretation of which can materially help to advance our understanding of stratospheric dynamics in general. It is now weil established that smaller-scale motions-in particular gravity waves and turbulence-are of fundamental importance in the general circulation of the mesosphere; they seem to be similarly, if less spectacularly, significant in the troposphere, and probably also in the stratosphere. Our understanding of these motions, their effects on the mean circulation and their mutual interactions is progressing rapidly, as is weil illustrated by the papers in this issue; there are reports of observational studies, especially with new instruments such as the Japanese MV radar, reviews of the state of theory, a laboratory study and an analysis of gravity waves and their effects in the high resolution "SKYHI" general circulation model. There are good reasons to suspect that gravity waves may be of crucial significance in making the stratospheric circulation the way it is (modeling experience being one suggestive piece of evidence for this). Direct observational proof has thus far been prevented by the difficulty of making observations of such scales of motion in this region; in one study reported here, falling sphere observations are used to obtain information on the structure and intensity of waves in the upper stratosphere.
Download or read book Dynamics of the Upper Atmosphere written by S. Kato and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1980-08-31 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tidal and Layer Structure in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere From TIMED SABER CO2 15 Micrometers Emission written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The SABER radiometer on the TIMED spacecraft scans the earthlimb continuously in ten channels spanning the spectrum from 1.27 to 15 mum. The signature of the diurnal tide in the equatorial region is apparent throughout the mesosphere in TIMED/SABER data, especially in the CO2 15-mum radiance profiles. In addition, layer structures are apparent in a large fraction of the both the radiance profiles and the kinetic temperature profiles derived from them. We present results showing tidal and layer features in the variation with local time and latitude of 15-%mum radiance and temperature. Temperature inversion layers (TILs) are regions of extreme perturbations in the retrieved temperature profile where the temperature increases rapidly over 3-10 km range by tens of degrees K, sometimes approaching increases of 100 K, and are not represented in any existing atmospheric climatologies. Theories that have been proposed connect them with the amplitude and phase of atmospheric tides, as well as with the interactions and dissipation of atmospheric gravity waves and planetary waves. The radiance local maxima, or "knees," are more mysterious. Their occurrence is rather unpredictable and not well explained by models, although it is known that they are due to vibrational excitation of CO2 by atomic oxygen and they may have tidal connections. While they may be associated with strong TILs, the most important class occurring at tangent heights in the lower thermosphere between * 100 and 115 km appear not to be simply related to local inversion layers. SABER data offers the opportunity to do the first global survey of MET TILs, determine their spatial extent and persistence time, and develop a global climatology of their occurrence and properties.
Download or read book The Atmosphere and Climate of Mars written by Robert M. Haberle and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-29 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humanity has long been fascinated by the planet Mars. Was its climate ever conducive to life? What is the atmosphere like today and why did it change so dramatically over time? Eleven spacecraft have successfully flown to Mars since the Viking mission of the 1970s and early 1980s. These orbiters, landers and rovers have generated vast amounts of data that now span a Martian decade (roughly eighteen years). This new volume brings together the many new ideas about the atmosphere and climate system that have emerged, including the complex interplay of the volatile and dust cycles, the atmosphere-surface interactions that connect them over time, and the diversity of the planet's environment and its complex history. Including tutorials and explanations of complicated ideas, students, researchers and non-specialists alike are able to use this resource to gain a thorough and up-to-date understanding of this most Earth-like of planetary neighbours.
Download or read book Waves in the Ocean and Atmosphere written by Joseph Pedlosky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of the fundamental theory of waves appropriate for first year graduate students in oceanography, meteorology and associated sciences. Starting with an elementary overview of the basic wave concept, specific wave phenomena are then examined, including: surface gravity waves, internal gravity waves, lee waves, waves in the presence of rotation, and geostrophic adjustment. Each wave topic is used to introduce either a new technique or concept in general wave theory. Emphasis is placed on connectivity between the various subjects and on the physical interpretation of the mathematical results. The book contains numerous exercises at the end of the respective chapters.
