Download or read book Atmospheric Pollution of International Maritime Transportation Measurement and Cost Estimation of Trade Lane Specific Container Trade Activities in Hong Kong written by Christoph Heinbach and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2014-04-11 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaltsangabe:Introduction 1.1 Approach and Motivation: World transportation overcomes the distance between places of origin and places of demand for both passengers and freight. Almost three quarters of the world s surface is covered by water and around 80 percent of the world trade by weight is moved in this mode. Offshore trade activities (confined to container trade) describe a synonym that features globalization. In fact, transportation including these activities is the least visible critical element in world economies. But the importance of environment has barely been discussed in the context of pollution performance from individual economies. As a consequence, trade-lane (confined to specific world sea shipping routes between individual ports) emissions, generated by economies, are not precisely reviewed by government agencies. In addition, the real amount and costs of atmospheric pollutions linked to offshore trade-lane performance are not entirely understood by consumers. Environmental awareness seems to be seldom raised in our society. In fact, the ignorance of mankind is the most important factor due to since appropriate information is very little available. Some emissions are contributing to a process of retaining the heat from solar radiation by the planet Earth also referred to as greenhouse effect . The greenhouse effect, which originally has a positive effect, because it makes the planet Earth warm enough to sustain life, is responsible for the increase of the global temperature which has quite apparent effects on our world. Melting sea ice effects and rising seawater levels are only a few examples. To be precise, freight transportation is responsible for approximately 25 percent of the total global transport emissions, equal to 1.65 billion tonnes of CO2 per year. With increasing global demand in commodities and goods the magnitude of transportation also rises, essentially addressing the consumer s and industry s need of delivering shipments with different, sizes, volumes, weight and requirements at the right place, to the right time, in the right quantity and to the right costs. From what has been said earlier it is curious why no generally accepted criterion to allocate international transportation pollution is currently in use. While diffident efforts were made to include these emissions in international conventions, CO2 emissions related to international freight are not involved in the pollution reduction goals of the [...]
Download or read book Dirty Containers A Measurement and Cost Estimation Approach of Atmospheric Pollution in Hong Kong written by Christoph Heinbach and published by Diplomica Verlag. This book was released on 2012-04 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globalization is regarded as the key driver of growing container trade activities due to economic development. With a technology relying heavily on the combustion of fuel, international shipping is responsible for 2.7 percent of total world emissions and ocean transportation is becoming increasingly linked to environmental problems. The concepts of sustainability and greener shipping are expected to be the prime focus of transportation in the coming decades, but the impending developments require a deep understanding of the emission impact and costs related to the inputs and outputs of world economies. This textbook quantifies and analyses atmospheric pollution for Hong Kong trade-lane specific container activities over the past decade using a new methodology, EcoTransIT World, a web-based application. Input data is generated from the Hong Kong Census & Statistics Department while emissions and energy consumption for the entire energy chain are measured as an output. Based on the findings, the costs to the society are estimated by an advanced top-down approach with a general market price for carbon. The results certainly indicate that the shift from long-distance to short-distance world container sourcing for laden container throughput has a positive effect on the environment. Most notably, the estimated emission costs per container show a declining trend in opposition to the trade growth. The results provide unique trade-lane specific container emission factors and costs indications for Hong Kong shipping business that can be used for several purposes, such as: environmental performance control, benchmarking, policy making and the promotion and stimulation of green shipping to mitigate the environmental impact. The performance indicators represent a comprehensive picture of Hong Kong atmospheric pollution for different trade-lanes. Further studies and practical tools to gather real operating data from the original source such as ship owners and ocean carriers are required in future to verify the data. This will create awareness along global supply chains and crucially support the achievement of environmental synergies by common understanding of the serious consequences from international maritime transportation on our planet.
Download or read book Review of Maritime Transport 2020 written by United Nations and published by UN. This book was released on 2021-01-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series contains the decisions of the Court in both the English and French texts.
Download or read book Review of Maritime Transport 2021 written by DIVISION ON TECHNOLOGY AND. UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT. LOGISTICS and published by . This book was released on 2022-01-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series contains the decisions of the Court in both the English and French texts.
Download or read book Review of Maritime Transport 2017 written by United Nations Publications and published by UN. This book was released on 2018-02 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With over 80 per cent of global trade by volume and more than 70 per cent of its value being carried on board ships and handled by seaports worldwide, the importance of maritime transport for trade and development cannot be overemphasized. The 2017 Review of Maritime Transport presents and discusses key developments in the world economy and international trade and related impacts on shipping demand and supply, freight and charter markets, as well as seaports and the regulatory and legal framework. In addition to relevant developments in 2016 and the first half of 2017, this year's edition of the Review also features a special chapter on maritime transport connectivity, reflecting the prominence of physical and electronic connectivity as a priority area in the trade and development policy agenda.
Download or read book Review of Maritime Transport 2018 written by United Nations and published by . This book was released on 2019-01-31 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Review of Maritime Transport is an UNCTAD flagship publication, published annually since 1968 with 2018 marking the 50 year anniversary. Around 80 per cent of the volume of international trade in goods is carried by sea, and the percentage is even higher for most developing countries. The Review of Maritime Transport provides an analysis of structural and cyclical changes affecting seaborne trade, ports and shipping, as well as an extensive collection of statistical information.
Download or read book Ports and the Environment written by Meifeng Luo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-02 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ports are a vital part of the global economy, connecting the world through maritime transport networks, promoting international trade, and supporting global economic growth. However, port communities are increasingly concerned about the local environmental problems associated with air pollution from increased port activities. Efforts are increasingly being made into the reduction of human-induced changes to the global environment, and one of the target areas is to reduce air emissions from international shipping. It appears that management of the port sector has entered into a new era, not only because environmental concerns are increasingly being expressed surrounding the ports themselves, but also because many of the new environmental measures associated with the shipping trade have to be enforced when ships are in port. Ports and the Environment assembles research focusing on the management of ports, and the environmental issues associated with both the shipping trade and the ports themselves. By examining contemporary concerns from the perspectives of maritime policy, port management, and industrial efficiency, this book will be provide important reference for future research and policy-making in this area. This book was originally published as a special issue of Maritime Policy & Management.
Download or read book Maritime Information Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Maritime Economics written by Alan Branch and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its second edition Maritime Economics provides a valuable introduction to the organisation and workings of the global shipping industry. The author outlines the economic theory as well as many of the operational practicalities involved. Extensively revised for the new edition, the book has many clear illustrations and tables. Topics covered include: * an overview of international trade * Maritime Law * economic organisation and principles * financing ships and shipping companies * market research and forecasting.
Download or read book Review of Maritime Transport 2012 written by and published by . This book was released on 2013-02-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 80 per cent of international trade in goods is carried by sea, and an even higher percentage of developing-country trade is carried in ships. This annual publication is an important source of information on this vital sector. It closely monitors developments affecting world seaborne trade, freight rates, ports, surface transport, and logistics services, as well as trends in ship ownership and control and fleet age, tonnage supply, and productivity. The Review contains a chapter on legal and regulatory developments and each year includes a chapter highlighting a different region.
Download or read book Meteorological Aspects of Atmospheric Pollution in Hong Kong written by G. J. Bell and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Infrastructure s Role in Lowering Asia s Trade Costs written by Douglas H. Brooks and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2009-01-30 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of the analysis of infrastructure's impact on trade costs focuses on conditions in developed countries. This book makes an invaluable contribution to our understanding by examining the situation in developing Asia, the world's most populous and fastest growing region. This study analyzes and draws policy implications from infrastructure's central role in lowering Asia's trade costs. Infrastructure is shown to be a cost-effective means of lowering trade costs and thereby promoting regional growth and integration. This book combines thematic and country studies, while breaking new ground in.
Download or read book A Report on Air Pollution in Hong Kong written by Hong Kong. Committee on air pollution and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shipping and the Environment written by Karin Andersson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-23 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the interaction between shipping and the natural environment and how shipping can strive to become more sustainable. Readers are guided in marine environmental awareness, environmental regulations and abatement technologies to assist in decisions on strategy, policy and investments. You will get familiar with possible paths to improve environmental performance and, in the long term, to a sustainable shipping sector, based on an understanding of the sources and mechanisms of common impacts. You will also gain knowledge on emissions and discharges from ships, prevention measures, environmental regulations, and methods and tools for environmental assessment. In addition, the book includes a chapter on the background to regulating pollution from ships. It is intended as a source of information for professionals connected to maritime activities as well as policy makers and interested public. It is also intended as a textbook in higher education academic programmes.
Download or read book Analytical Framework to Regulate Air Emissions from Maritime Transport written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maritime transport activity is becoming one of the most important topics on sustainability debate. Indeed, a part from industrial activity and energy production, maritime transport is the largest contributors to air pollution and the increasing rate of trade make the problem even more worrying. Aim of the report is to design a methodological framework to appraise the policy strategy to regulate air emissions from the ships (air pollutants and green house gases) giving some insights on how to design and to apply policy instruments that should be informed by efficiency and equity principles. The report outlines the state of the art on data, methodologies, air emissions estimations, technological and policy options to design a sectorial environmental policy strategy to regulate air emissions from ships. It gives an overview of the main methods to estimate the air emissions deriving from shipping activities and compares their results to define a reference framework. Particularly attention is done to cost effectiveness analysis of technological and policy options to abate GHG emissions from international maritime transport taking into account the legal regulatory system of this sector, and the main legal and economic constraints to implement a sectorial policy to abate CO2 emissions. The report identifies some future research directions for the methods to estimate air emissions from ships and to design additional policy options applying consumption-based CO2 quantification.
Download or read book Review of Maritime Transport 2009 written by United Nations and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Against the background of a global financial crisis and economic downturn, growth in seaborne trade continued, albeit at a slower rate. Existing forecasts suggest that the outlook for seaborne trade is uncertain and that some challenging times lie ahead for shipping and international seaborne trade. These challenges are further compounded by other developments, including maritime security at sea and the need to address the climate change challenge. The Review of Maritime Transport examines trends in sea-borne trade and analyses the comparative performance of different geographic regions and countries. Every year, the Review of Maritime Transport gives attention to transport developments in a particular region. The focus in 2009 is on developments in Africa since 2006 when UNCTAD last reported on the region.
Download or read book United States and Maritime Shipping Emissions Policies written by Michael Podesta and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-02-08 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject Politics - Environmental Policy, grade: A, University of Michigan, language: English, abstract: The maritime freight industry is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. If current practices continue, experts predict that it will account for 17% of total emissions by 2050. Both the United States government and the International Maritime Organization have enacted strict regulations to promote the industry’s adoption of alternative sources of fuel in an effort to reduce the amount of sulfur oxides and other pollutants released from container ships. This research sought to connect whether or not the United States and International Maritime Organization sulfur fuel enforcements have allowed container ship companies to catalyze an industry-wide shift in shipping practices. To answer my questions, I analyzed relevant container ship policies by the United States government within the last ten years as well as regulations in place by the International Maritime Organization specifically addressing sulfur level reduction. I then analyzed the archives of container ship companies in search of sustainability initiatives or alternative fuel adoption underway. In gathering results, I found evidence suggesting the United States federal government has enacted sufficient standards in attempting to limit sulfur emissions from container ship engines within its coastlines. Additionally, I recognized that the International Maritime Organization is committed to reducing sulfur emissions in the fastest way possible by establishing Emission Control Areas in coastlines as well as instituting tight regulations to limit sulfur content in ship fuel. Third, reports show that the industry is struggling to adopt clean fuel, due to high market costs and demand, but have been able to meet the fuel standards through alternative and cheaper methods. These results are applicable to only container ships or vessels of that size, as smaller vessels have different engine standards. Moreover, this research was concerned specifically with North American standards, meaning that the same results may not be found in other areas of the world. The research I conducted serves as insight for the public into a relatively unknown aspect of transportation-related environmental issues. It also functions as a platform upon which the dangers of human-caused climate change can be addressed.
