Download or read book Atmospheric Plasma Deposition of Transparent Coatings on Polymers written by Linying Cui and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric plasma enables plasma assisted coating deposition in ambient air at low temperature on large and/or complex geometry substrates. It has huge potential for coating synthesis and materials surface treatment at lower cost without the necessity of vacuum equipment, for applications of energy, display, aerospace, etc. In this dissertation, I present the results of atmospheric plasma deposition of transparent hard protective coatings on polymers. In order to deposit high quality coatings, we find that the interaction between atmospheric plasma, coating, and polymer substrate should all be optimized. Firstly, I studied the interaction between atmospheric plasma and polymer substrates. Atmospheric plasma was used to pretreat polycarbonate and stretched poly(methyl methacrylate) surfaces in order to enhance the adhesion of polymers to inorganic coatings. The treatment time and the chemical structure of the polymers were found to be important factors. For polycarbonate, a short treatment increased the adhesion energy by four times, while longer treatment resulted in low molecular-weight species formation and decreased adhesion. Next, I deposited dense silica coatings on polymers using atmospheric plasma. The coating deposition rate, molecular network structure, density, Young's modulus and adhesion to polymers exhibited a strong dependence on the precursor delivery temperature and rate, and the functionality and number of silicon atoms in the precursor molecules. The highest Young's modulus of the atmospheric plasma silica was four times higher than that of commercial sol-gel polysiloxane coatings. After that, I successfully deposited carbon-bridged hybrid organosilicate coating using atmospheric plasma, with the ethyl bridges incorporated in the silicate network under the ambient air environment. These coatings doubled the adhesion energy to polymers due to the molecular bridging effect, compared to commercial sol-gel polysiloxane coatings. Finally, I deposited a hard, adhesive, and highly transparent bilayer structure on polymers, with the bottom layer highly adhesive to polymer and the top layer hard to resist scratches. The method overcomes the challenge of fabricating coatings with high mechanical and interfacial properties in a one-step process. The bilayer structure exhibited ~ 100% transmittance in the visible wavelength range and no sacrifice of the hard or adhesive properties of the single sub-layers.

Download or read book Plasma Deposition Treatment and Etching of Polymers written by Riccardo d'Agostino and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma Deposition, Treatment, and Etching of Polymers takes a broad look at the basic principles, the chemical processes, and the diagnostic procedures in the interaction of plasmas with polymer surfaces. This recent technology has yielded a large class of new materials offering many applications, including their use as coatings for chemical fibers and films. Additional applications include uses for the passivation of metals, the surface hardening of tools, increased biocompatibility of biomedical materials, chemical and physical sensors, and a variety of micro- and optoelectronic devices. - Appeals to a broad range of industries from microelectronics to space technology - Discusses a wide array of new uses for plasma polymers - Provides a tutorial introduction to the field - Surveys various classes of plasma polymers, their chemical and morphological properties, effects of plasma process parameters on the growth and structure of these synthetic materials, and techniques for characterization - Interests scientists, engineers, and students alike

Download or read book Plasma Polymer Films written by Hynek Biederman and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma Polymer Films examines the current status of the deposition and characterization of fluorocarbon-, hydrocarbon- and silicon-containing plasma polymer films and nanocomposites, with plasma polymer matrix. It introduces plasma polymerization process diagnostics such as optical emission spectroscopy (OES, AOES), and describes special deposition techniques such as atmospheric pressure glow discharge. Important issues for applications such as degradation and stability are treated in detail, and structural characterization, basic electrical and optical properties and biomedical applications are discussed.

Download or read book An Evaluation of Atmospheric pressure Plasma for the Cost Effective Deposition of Antireflection Coatings written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric-pressure plasma deposition (APPD) has previously been used to deposit various functional materials including polymeric surface modification layers, transparent conducting oxides, and photo catalytic materials. For many plasma polymerized coatings, reaction occurs via free radical mechanism where the high energy electrons from the plasma activate the olefinic carbon-carbon double bonds - a typical functional group in such precursors. The precursors for such systems are typically inexpensive and readily available and have been used in vacuum PECVD previously. The objectives are to investigate: (1) the effect of plasma power, gas composition and substrate temperature on the Si-based film properties using triethylsilane(TES) as the precursor; and (2) the chemical, mechanical, and optical properties of several experimental matrices based on Design of Experiment (DOE) principals. A simple APPD route has been utilized to deposit Si based films from an inexpensive precursor - Triethylsilane (TES). Preliminary results indicates formation of Si-C & Si-O and Si-O, Si-C & Si-N bonds with oxygen and nitrogen plasmas respectively. N2-O2 plasma showed mixed trend; however oxygen remains a significant portion of all films, despite attempts to minimize exposure to atmosphere. SiN, SiC, and SiO ratios can be modified by the reaction conditions resulting in differing film properties. SE studies revealed that films with SiN bond possess refractive index higher than coatings with Si-O/Si-C bonds. Variable angle reflectance studies showed that SiOCN coatings offer AR properties; however thickness and refractive index optimization of these coatings remains necessary for application as potential AR coatings.

Download or read book Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment of Polymers written by Michael Thomas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-06-19 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An indispensable volume detailing the current and potential applications of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment by experts practicing in fields around the world Polymers are used in a wide variety of industries to fabricate legions of products because of their many desirable traits. However, polymers in general (and polyolefins, in particular) are innately not very adhesionable because of the absence of polar or reactive groups on their surfaces and concomitant low surface energy. Surface treatment of polymers, however, is essential to impart reactive chemical groups on their surfaces to enhance their adhesion characteristic. Proper surface treatment can endow polymers with improved adhesion without affecting the bulk properties. A plethora of techniques (ranging from wet to dry, simple to sophisticated, vacuum to non-vacuum) for polymer surface modification have been documented in the literature but the Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (APP) treatment has attracted much attention because it offers many advantages vis-a-vis other techniques, namely uniform treatment, continuous operation, no need for vacuum, simplicity, low cost, no environmental or disposal concern, and applicability to large area samples. Although the emphasis in this book is on the utility of APP treatment for enhancement of polymer adhesion, APP is also applicable and effective to modulate many other surface properties of polymers: superhydrophilicity, superhydrophobicity, anti-fouling, anti-fogging, anti-icing, cell adhesion, biocompatibility, tribological behavior, etc. The key features of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment of Polymers: Address design and functions of various types of reactors Bring out current and potential applications of APP treatment Represent the cumulative wisdom of many key academic and industry researchers actively engaged in this key and enabling technology

Download or read book Polymer Biointerfaces written by Marián Lehocký and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-02 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dear Colleagues, Polymer biointerfaces are considered a suitable alternative to the improvement and development of numerous applications. The optimization of polymer surface properties can control several biological processes, such as cell adhesion, proliferation, viability, and enhanced extracellular matrix secretion functions at biointerfaces. This printed Special Issue on Polymer Biointerfaces is focused on fundamental and applied research on polymers and systems with biological origin. Submissions contain both polymer material background and descriptions of interacting biological phenomena or relevance to prospective applications in biomedical, biochemical, biophysical, biotechnological, food, pharmaceutical, or cosmetic fields. Special attention has been given to polymer bio-surface modification, bio-coatings, cell–polymer surface interactions, self-assembling monolayers on polymers, in-vivo and in-vitro systems, protein–polymer surface interaction, polysaccharide–polymer interactions, biotribology, bio chip, biosensors, nano-bio interfaces, coatings, biofilms, adhesion phenomena, and molecular recognition, among others. Assoc. Prof. Marián LehockýAssoc. Prof. Petr HumpolíčekGuest Editors

Download or read book Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook written by Myer Kutz and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook: Processing, Materials, and Applications, Second Edition, covers both the polymer basics that are helpful to bring readers quickly up-to-speed if they are not familiar with a particular area of plastics processing and the recent developments that enable practitioners to discover which options best fit their requirements. New chapters added specifically cover polyamides, polyimides, and polyesters. Hot topics such as 3-D printing and smart plastics are also included, giving plastics engineers the information they need to take these embryonic technologies and deploy them in their own work. With the increasing demands for lightness and fuel economy in the automotive industry (not least due to CAFÉ standards), plastics will soon be used even further in vehicles. A new chapter has been added to cover the technology trends in this area, and the book has been substantially updated to reflect advancements in technology, regulations, and the commercialization of plastics in various areas. Recycling of plastics has been thoroughly revised to reflect ongoing developments in sustainability of plastics. Extrusion processing is constantly progressing, as have the elastomeric materials, fillers, and additives which are available. Throughout the book, the focus is on the engineering aspects of producing and using plastics. The properties of plastics are explained, along with techniques for testing, measuring, enhancing, and analyzing them. Practical introductions to both core topics and new developments make this work equally valuable for newly qualified plastics engineers seeking the practical rules-of-thumb they don't teach you in school and experienced practitioners evaluating new technologies or getting up-to-speed in a new field. - Presents an authoritative source of practical advice for engineers, providing guidance from experts that will lead to cost savings and process improvements - Ideal introduction for both new engineers and experienced practitioners entering a new field or evaluating a new technology - Updated to include the latest technology, including 3D Printing, smart polymers, and thorough coverage of biopolymers and biodegradable plastics

Download or read book Plasma Deposition and Treatment of Polymers Volume 544 written by Wei William Lee and published by . This book was released on 1999-09 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is immense interest, both industrial and academic, in developing processes for plasma deposition and modification of polymers. These polymers and treatments have wide-ranging applications in electronics, protective coatings, optical coatings, biomaterials, ophthalmics, corrosion protection, tribology, surface mechanics, membranes, food and pharmaceutical packaging, and sensors. In addition, fundamentals of plasma processes and technology are also of critical importance in many semiconductor processing operations such as etching and treatment of polymers, deposition of low-dielectric constant materials, and dry photoresist. The understanding of plasma polymer deposition in various technical fields, as well as in the treatment methods of polymers, have become critical. This book focuses on the deposition, modification and characterization of polymeric materials which are important for advanced technologies. Particular emphasis is placed on materials and synthesis concepts. Topics include: plasma processes for biomaterials; fundamentals of plasma processing; plasma processing for electronics and optics; and plasma treatments and functional coatings.

Download or read book Adhesion and Degradation of Hard Transparent Coatings written by Anay Yazlali and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hard transparent coatings are an essential component of structures involving polymer surfaces. An important application is airplane passenger windows, which are subject to large variations in pressure, temperature and humidity as well as UV exposure and abrasive conditions. The coatings suitable for such extreme environments must have high hardness, resistance to UV degradation and excellent adhesion to the polymer substrate. Measuring the adhesion of a hard coating on a compliant substrate is not trivial; hence, qualitative cross-cut tape tests have been the standard for automotive and aerospace industries. In this dissertation we address the quantitative assessment of adhesion of hard transparent coatings on polymer substrates. An asymmetric double cantilever beam specimen was employed to sample the interface without contribution from crazing in the substrate. Fracture energies of coatings that had passed standard tests were found to vary from 1.4 J/m2 to 22 J/m2. Significant subcritical crack growth was observed in coatings on windows with interfacial fracture energy of 7 J/m2. Cracks were found to continue to grow at driving forces below 2 J/m2 due to viscoelastic deformation at the crack tip. Simulated outdoor weathering decreased the adhesion energy and led to cracking and delamination. Driving force for cracking and delamination was correlated to UV cross-linking of the coating; FTIR evidence showed that the ratio of network forming Si--O--Si bonds increased with outdoor exposure. The effect of surface pre-treatments on adhesion was assessed. Mechanical polishing and UV-Ozone treatment were found to increase adhesion significantly. The effect of UV absorbers on stress generation in coatings exposed to UV was investigated. A cyanoacrylate absorber was found to perform better than a benzophenone absorber at high concentrations. However, both absorbers seemed to change the molecular structure of the coating and did not increase the lifetime of the coating significantly. Atmospheric plasma deposition was employed as a solvent-free and wasteless alternative to sol-gel processing of hybrid coatings. We focused on molecularly bridged hybrid coatings for improved cohesion and resistance to water assisted crack growth. A high temperature precursor delivery system was designed and constructed for deposition of molecularly bridged hybrid silica coatings. Bridged precursors with very low vapor pressure were deposited on silicon and polycarbonate substrates. The effects of precursor flow rate, temperature and other plasma parameters on deposition rate were investigated. Bridged precursor coatings developed significantly higher growth stresses than curing stresses in sol-gel coatings, but the former were comparable to atmospheric plasma coatings deposited using conventional silanes.

Download or read book Nonthermal Plasmas for Materials Processing written by Jörg Florian Friedrich and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-07-15 with total page 805 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NONTHERMAL PLASMAS FOR MATERIALS PROCESSING This unique book covers the physical and chemical aspects of plasma chemistry with polymers and gives new insights into the interaction of physics and chemistry of nonthermal plasmas and their applications in materials science for physicists and chemists. The properties and characteristics of plasmas, elementary (collision) processes in the gas phase, plasma surface interactions, gas discharge plasmas and technical plasma sources, atmospheric plasmas, plasma diagnostics, polymers and plasmas, plasma polymerization, post-plasma processes, plasma, and wet-chemical processing, plasma-induced generation of functional groups, and the chemical reactions on these groups along with a few exemplary applications are discussed in this comprehensive but condensed state-of-the-art book on plasma chemistry and its dependence on plasma physics. While plasma physics, plasma chemistry, and polymer science are often handled separately, the aim of the authors is to harmoniously join the physics and chemistry of low-pressure and atmospheric-pressure plasmas with polymer surface chemistry and polymerization and to compare such chemistry with classic chemistry. Readers will find in these chapters Interaction of plasma physics and chemistry in plasmas and at the surface of polymers; Explanation and interpretation of physical and chemical mechanisms on plasma polymerization and polymer surface modification; Introduction of modern techniques in plasma diagnostics, surface analysis of solids, and special behavior of polymers on exposure to plasmas; Discussion of the conflict of energy-rich plasma species with permanent energy supply and the much lower binding energies in polymers and alternatives to avoid random polymer decomposition Technical applications such as adhesion, cleaning, wettability, textile modification, coatings, films, etc. New perspectives are explained about how to use selective and mild processes to allow post-plasma chemistry on non-degraded polymer surfaces. Audience Physicists, polymer chemists, materials scientists, industrial engineers in biomedicine, coatings, printing, etc.

Download or read book Multi functional Protective Coatings for Plastics Using Open air Spray Plasma Deposition written by Yichuan Ding and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transparent plastics are increasingly important to emerging technologies such as light-weight transportation, flexible electronics, and display technologies. However, due to the low surface hardness, plastics can be easily scratched and degraded which significantly reduce their optical qualities and lifetimes. In this dissertation, I will focus on the development of durable functional protective coatings for plastics and new understandings of their mechanical properties including adhesion, stiffness, and moisture-assisted cracking behavior. I will demonstrate two scalable processing strategies for synthesizing these coatings, namely, spray deposition of sol-gel precursors and open-air plasma deposition. Firstly, I will focus on the processing of an organosilicate-based bilayer coating with unprecedented combination of adhesion and stiffness using open-air spray and plasma depositions. The bilayer coating exhibited a > 90% transparency in the visible wavelengths, 8-fold the adhesion energy and 4-fold the Young's modulus of commercial sol-gel polysiloxane coatings. The coating deposition rate, elastic modulus, hardness and adhesion to poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) substrates will be discussed and correlated to the molecular structures and chemical compositions of the coatings. Secondly, I will demonstrate the molecular design strategies for engineering coating's deformation rate sensitivity and fracture resistance in a moist environment. With increasing non-hydrolysable organic network connectivity, the mechanical behavior of the coatings can vary from almost perfectly elastic to increasingly viscoelastic in a controlled fashion. The related fracture resistance was also found to be significantly improved. New insights into the fundamental molecular-scale relaxation and cracking mechanisms of the coatings will also be highlighted. Finally, I will describe a novel and versatile dual-source deposition method involving ultrasonic spraying and open-air plasma deposition for making durable multifunctional nanocomposite coatings. Previous work for making nanocomposites focused on incorporating nanoparticles by either in-situ growth in the matrix or by dispersing into the matrix precursor before deposition. However, in this new method, the nanoparticles and coating matrix are independently deposited which eliminate the potential difficulties associated with preparing high mass fraction composites with well-dispersed nanoparticles. The capability of incorporating several different functional nanoparticles into durable coating matrix with good nanoparticle dispersity, uniformity and strong matrix-nanoparticle interfacial interactions will be highlighted. The effect of nanoparticle concentration, size, and film thicknesses on coatings surface morphology, optical properties and mechanical properties will also be discussed.

Download or read book Plasma Modification of Polyolefins written by N. S. Baneesh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-22 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses plasma modification of polyolefin surfaces. It comprises 21 chapters divided into three major sections. The first section covers the different techniques used for plasma modification of polyolefin surfaces and the effects of various gases as a surrounding medium, while the second provides a detailed analysis of the physics and chemistry of plasma modification and discusses various innovative characterization techniques, as well as ageing of the modified surface. It focuses on the analysis of changes in polymers’ surface chemistry using various spectroscopic techniques, and of changes in their surface morphology after plasma treatment using optical microscopy, electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. In addition, it provides detailed information on the characterization of modified polymer surfaces. The book’s third and last section covers a range of applications of plasma-modified polyolefin surfaces varying from the packaging industry to the biomedical field, and shares valuable insights on the lifecycle analysis of plasma modification and modified surfaces.

Download or read book Tribology of Polymeric Nanocomposites written by Klaus Friedrich and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-05-14 with total page 835 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tribology of Polymeric Nanocomposites provides a comprehensive description of polymeric nanocomposites, both as bulk materials and as thin surface coatings, and provides rare, focused coverage of their tribological behavior and potential use in tribological applications. Providing engineers and designers with the preparation techniques, friction and wear mechanisms, property information and evaluation methodology needed to select the right polymeric nanocomposites for the job, this unique book also includes valuable real-world examples of polymeric nanocomposites in action in tribological applications. - Provides a complete reference to polmer nanocomposite material use in tribology from preparation through to selection and use - Explains the theory through examples of real-world applications, keeping this high-level topic practical and accessible - Includes contributions from more than 20 international tribology experts to offer broad yet detailed coverage of this fast-moving field

Download or read book Printing on Polymers written by Joanna Izdebska-Podsiadły and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2015-09-24 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Printing on Polymers: Fundamentals and Applications is the first authoritative reference covering the most important developments in the field of printing on polymers, their composites, nanocomposites, and gels. The book examines the current state-of-the-art and new challenges in the formulation of inks, surface activation of polymer surfaces, and various methods of printing. The book equips engineers and materials scientists with the tools required to select the correct method, assess the quality of the result, reduce costs, and keep up-to-date with regulations and environmental concerns. Choosing the correct way of decorating a particular polymer is an important part of the production process. Although printing on polymeric substrates can have desired positive effects, there can be problems associated with various decorating techniques. Physical, chemical, and thermal interactions can cause problems, such as cracking, peeling, or dulling. Safety, environmental sustainability, and cost are also significant factors which need to be considered. With contributions from leading researchers from industry, academia, and private research institutions, this book serves as a one-stop reference for this field—from print ink manufacture to polymer surface modification and characterization; and from printing methods to applications and end-of-life issues. - Enables engineers to select the correct decoration method for each material and application, assess print quality, and reduce costs - Increases familiarity with the terminology, tests, processes, techniques, and regulations of printing on plastic, which reduces the risk of adverse reactions, such as cracking, peeling, or dulling of the print - Addresses the issues of environmental impact and cost when printing on polymeric substrates - Features contributions from leading researchers from industry, academia, and private research institutions

Download or read book Nanophotocatalysis and Environmental Applications written by Inamuddin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-14 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book serves the environmentalists to track the development of photocatalytic materials and technology in the present context and to explore future trends. Photocatalysis is the most influential greener technology being researched, developed and adopted for the treatment of wastewater. The technological advancements in the area of smart hybrid photocatalytic materials have gained momentum in the present era. The rational designing of photocatalytic materials with a multi-pronged approach opens a new chapter for environmental detoxification. Other important aspects relate to the transfer of this nanostructured photocatalytic technology to real backdrops. Harnessing natural solar energy for energy and environmental roles is another crucial criterion in designing photocatalysts.

Download or read book Atmospheric Plasma Deposition of Nanometer Thick Anti fouling Coatings written by Charles Ezenwa Nwankire and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Superhydrophobic Coatings written by Viswanathan S Saji and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2023-09-08 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superhydrophobic coatings have attracted substantial scientific research in recent years due to their real-world applications in a variety of fields including anti-corrosion, anti-icing, anti-fogging, oil separation and self-cleaning materials. Several approaches and methods have been used in developing superhydrophobic coatings on different substrates. This book guides readers through their fabrication and application, representing the latest significant advances in this important topic. Split into four sections, Part One concentrates on the fundamental principles of surface wettability and superhydrophobicity, before moving into Part Two and Part Three, which focus on different aspects of superhydrophobic coatings based on the materials used for fabrication and the substrate on which the coating is applied. Finally, Part Four focuses on the applications of these coatings. This book will serve as a valuable reference for graduate students, researchers and industrial practitioners in multiple industries working on surface wettability, materials chemistry and coatings related technologies.