Download or read book Atmospheric Infrared Radiance Variability written by C. H. Humphrey and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data concerning the spatial and temporal inhomogenities of atmospheric density and composition and their implication concerning the atmospheric infrared radiance are reviewed. Preliminary estimates of the variability in the radiance are presented. In addition, the range of scale sizes from small-scale variations is also considered.
Download or read book Atmospheric Infrared Radiance Variability written by C. H. Humphrey and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data concerning the spatial and temporal inhomogenities of atmospheric density and composition and their implication concerning the atmospheric infrared radiance are reviewed. Preliminary estimates of the variability in the radiance are presented. In addition, the range of scale sizes from small-scale variations is also considered.
Download or read book ATMOSPHERE INFRARED RADIANCE VARIABILITY written by C.H. Humphrey and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mesoscale Variation of Spectral Radiance Near 15 Micrometers written by Louis D. Duncan and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 61102-B-53-A1-T-061102-B-53-A-17ECOM5470(*atmospheres, infrared radiation), meteorological satellites, infrared detectors, radiometers, atmospheric temperature, correlation techniquesatmospheric radiation, remote sensingThe mesoscale variability of outgoing radiation at wavelengths corresponding to the Satellite Infrared Spectrometer (SIRS) channels, which are centered at 750, 734, 709, and 701/cm, has been investigated by using calculated radiances based upon measured temperature data. Temperature profiles measured from six radiosonde stations located on White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), New Mexico, were used with the radiative transfer equation to compute the radiances. Approximately 1750 temperature profiles obtained on 69 separate days were used in the study. The separation distance between pairs of stations varied from 10 to 157 km. (Author Modified Abstract).
Download or read book Atmospheric Refraction of Infrared Radiation written by Thomas P. Condron and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applications of Infrared Hyper spectra in Atmospheric Sounding Climate Feedback Analysis and Model Validation written by Maziar Bani Shahabadi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The thermal infrared radiation has rich information content about surface properties, atmospheric gas composition and temperature profiling. Meteorological satellites and ground instruments are used to monitor upwelling and downwelling radiances, respectively. This study provides new analysis methodologies in different applications of hyperspectral infrared data in climate and weather monitoring. In the first study, an airborne spectrometer flying at tropopause level is proposed for stratospheric H2O sounding derived from downwelling radiances. A motivation is that variations of stratospheric water vapor impact significantly on the surface radiation budget. The advantage of using an airborne spectrometer is its ability to capture the small-scale H2O variability. A Line-By-Line radiative transfer model (LBLRTM) and Gauss-Newton iterative techniques are used to construct the retrieval algorithm. Our simulation experiments show that a spectrometer with 700-2000 cm-1 spectral coverage, 1 cm-1 spectral resolution, 10 s observation time, 12 cm aperture diameter, and realistic noise levels across different bands can reach a retrieval accuracy of 0.5 ppmv and 1 K for simultaneous retrieval of H2O and temperature in the lower to middle stratosphere. We also find that far infrared ( 700 cm-1) spectral measurements, because of their significantly higher noise level, provide little additional benefit for this application. In the second study, application of hyper-spectral radiance data for climate feedback analysis is discussed. Using General Circulation Model (GCM) profiles as input to the Moderate resolution atmospheric Transmission (MODTRAN) radiation code, spectral water vapor sensitivity Jacobians are developed to study the impact of water vapor on the Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR). It is shown that OLR changes linearly with water vapor change in the atmospheric window (800-1250 cm-1) and logarithmically in the water vapor absorption bands (the rotational band: 0-560 cm-1 and the vibrational-rotational band 1250-1850 cm-1). Using a Line-By-Line Radiative Transfer Model, LBLRTM, we develop second order H2O Jacobians and show that these terms provide a more accurate estimate of the sensitivity of the absorption to H2O perturbations in a given atmospheric layer. Based on these findings, to diagnose the water vapor radiative effect, we propose to rely on hybrid H2O scaling, i.e. linearly in window, and logarithmically in water vapor bands. In the third study, observed infrared radiance data are used to validate forecasts in range 0-24 h in radiance space. We adapt for cloudy sky computations a fast radiative transfer model commonly used at weather centers, RTTOV (Radiative Transfer for Television Operational Vertical Sounder), to generate synthetic radiance spectra from the output of a weather forecast model: the Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) model. Synthetic radiance spectra are compared against Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) observed radiance data. Novel in this study, spectral Jacobians of surface temperature, atmospheric temperature, and water vapor, obtained by prescribing unperturbed and perturbed profiles, are used for diagnosing the biases in GEM. Clear-sky diagnosis provides a test of radiation closure, in which we find radiance biases of GEM can be well explained by geophysical variable biases, such as surface temperature, and temperature and water vapor profiles. Cloud-related radiance biases are then further determined in all-sky conditions. Based on this spectral analysis, the following prominent GEM biases were identified: 1) too low (often 5 K) surface temperature over land, notably in daytime; 2) too high upper tropospheric humidity in the subtropical region (equivalent to a negative bias of 3 K in brightness temperature units); 3) a deficit of high clouds in western Pacific ocean Intertropical Convective Zone." --
Download or read book The Atmospheric Transmission of Infrared Radiation from 2 5 Microns for Slant Paths from 35 000 Feet to the Upper Limit of the Atmosphere a Survey written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Theoretical Computations of the Outgoing Infrared Radiance from a Planetary Atmosphere written by Virgil G. Kunde and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Infrared Observation of Earth s Atmosphere written by Hervé Herbin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-11-04 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed to provide the theoretical, but most of all, the practical bases needed for the achievement of atmospheric composition analyses from infrared remote sensing.
Download or read book Analysis and Investigation of the Effects of Atmospheric Gravity Waves on Infrared Emissions written by T. F. Tuan and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of atmospheric gravity waves on the spatial and temporal variability of infrared radiance (IR), have been investigated, beginning with an analysis of the effects of such waves on the number densities of various minor species which produce the more important infrared radiance. the results show the following features. (1) The spatial structures produced by gravity waves depend strongly on the excitation mechanism for the minor species. If the excitation is local such as for the 0H emissions, the structures in IR are sharply pronounced. If the excitation in integrated over extended sources, the structures are less sharply pronounced. (2) The temporal variance is far less influenced by the nature of the excitation. (3) The spatial structures increase with height. (4) Gravity waves with short vertical wave length compared to background structures produced both spatial and temporal variance in IR. (5) Gravity waves with long vertical wave length compared to background structures produce only temporal variance in IR. (6) Large amplitude gravity waves can produce instability and secondary IR structures with far more rapid temporal variance as well as more pronounced spatial variance. A dispersion relation for an inhomogeneous atmosphere has beend enveloped for analyzing gravity waves and can be used even when there is heavy wave reflection. The relation reduces to the well-known Hines' dispersion relation in a homogeneous isothermal atmosphere. (Author).
Download or read book Conceptual Design and Analysis of an Infrared Horizon Sensor with Compensation for Atmospheric Variability written by Antony Jalink and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A horizon detection logic, based on a ratio-of-integrated-radiance concept, which detects the earth's horizon at a relatively stable height under all geographic and meteorological conditions was evaluated by computer simulation on a body of synthesized radiance profiles. An error-sensitivity analysis of the concept was performed, and optimum design parameter values for a sensor were determined. A conceptual design for an improved 15 micron sensor based on this analysis is discussed.
Download or read book Effects of Atmospheric Aerosols on Infrared Irradiance at the Earth s Surface in a Nonurban Environment written by M. R. Riches and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transport of Infrared Atmospheric Radiation written by Boris M. Smirnov and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-02-10 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sets out to give a rigorous mathematical description of the greenhouse effect through the theory of infrared atmospheric emission. In contrast to traditional climatological analysis, this approach eschews empirical relations in favour of a strict thermodynamical derivation, based on data from NASA and from the HITRAN spectroscopy database. The results highlight new aspects of the role of clouds in the greenhouse effect.
Download or read book Infrared Signatures from Atmospheric Clouds written by Alan C. Stanton and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clouds are an important source of variations in the IR background radiation was detected by satellite surveillance systems, because clouds absorb and scatter solar radiation and have a blackbody temperature different from that of the earth's surface. In the present study, a model which describes the scattering, absorption, and emission of radiation by atmospheric water or ice clouds is synthesized from previous works on the scattering of solar radiation. The cloud model is combined with the LOWTRAN atmospheric transmission model and is used to predict the apparent spectral radiance from scenes containing clouds as detected by a downward-looking observer. The effects of solar scatter, thermal emission, transmitted upwelling radiation, and atmospheric attenuation are included. Calculations using the model have been compared with infrared cloud data from several sources, including radiometer data from the BAMM (Balloon Altitude Mosaic Measurements) Program. These analyses suggest that low altitude cumulus clouds are not an important source of background signal variations in the 2.7-3.1 micrometer region. The BAMM data and model calculations indicate that high altitude cirrus clouds can cause large spatial variations in the background signal in this wavelength region, due to enhanced solar scatter in the wings of the water vapor absorption bands.
Download or read book The Sun s Influence on Climate written by Joanna D. Haigh and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-06-23 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Earth's climate system depends entirely on the Sun for its energy. Solar radiation warms the atmosphere and is fundamental to atmospheric composition, while the distribution of solar heating across the planet produces global wind patterns and contributes to the formation of clouds, storms, and rainfall. The Sun’s Influence on Climate provides an unparalleled introduction to this vitally important relationship. This accessible primer covers the basic properties of the Earth’s climate system, the structure and behavior of the Sun, and the absorption of solar radiation in the atmosphere. It explains how solar activity varies and how these variations affect the Earth’s environment, from long-term paleoclimate effects to century timescales in the context of human-induced climate change, and from signals of the 11-year sunspot cycle to the impacts of solar emissions on space weather in our planet’s upper atmosphere. Written by two of the leading authorities on the subject, The Sun’s Influence on Climate is an essential primer for students and nonspecialists alike.
Download or read book Development of Atmospheric Infrared Emission Models written by J. Duff and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the development of atmospheric infrared (IR) radiance models to describe atmospheric NLTE radiation and structure in the IR spectral region for arbitrary diurnal conditions, Several of the models have been included into the suite of standard Air Force atmospheric radiation computer models. These models calculate the radiation from quiescent, auroral, and structured atmospheres in the 2-40 microns spectral region for arbitrary paths above 30 km under nighttime, terminator, and daytime conditions. In addition, a radiance model based on SHARC and MODTRAN has been developed which allows arbitrary viewing geometries from the ground to 300 km. In conjunction with the research into atmospheric radiance models, an atmospheric generator which uses empirical models to generate atmospheric profiles for the solar terminator and other systematic atmospheric variations has been developed. If further support of the atmospheric radiance model program, a detailed chemical kinetic model has been developed to describe O3 emission in the mesophere resulting from high-lying vibrational states. The predicted O3 spectral radiances are in good agreement with the SPIRIT-1 and CIRRIS-1A data sets.
Download or read book Radiation and Climate written by Ilias Vardavas and published by International Monographs on Ph. This book was released on 2011-10-13 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new book describes the basic physics of solar and infrared radiation in the atmosphere. Radiation theory is related to the development of climate prediction models, and to measurement techniques for monitoring the Earth's energy budget and making remote sensing observations from satellites.
