Download or read book Asymmetric Effects of Oil Price Shocks on Eur Usd Exchange Rate in a Bvar Model with Sign Restriction written by Karel Bruna and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use a VAR model with two exogenous and eight endogenous variables to evaluate the asymmetric effect of oil price changes on the EUR/USD exchange rate. Parameters of the model are estimated with the Bayesian technique using quarterly data for the U.S. and the Eurozone from 2001 to 2021. To obtain the structural form of the VAR model from its reduced form, the sign restriction methodology is employed. The results show a significant asymmetric impact of oil price changes on EUR/USD exchange rate. A positive oil price shock causes dollar depreciation which is smaller than the dollar appreciation when oil prices decrease. We use four metrics to show that: first, the oil price effect on EUR/USD exchange rate is highly timevariant; second, oil price volatility on average is responsible for about half of exogenous shocks; third, exogenous shocks on average account for about one-third of the deterministic part of the model; and four, the model explains about two-thirds of the EUR/USD exchange rate volatility. Not only can the structural shock decomposition quantify the effect of each individual shock, it also can detect correlation relationship between the structural shocks of other endogenous variables with EUR/USD exchange rate volatility over a longer subperiod when the economy is exposed to external extraordinary events.

Download or read book Essays in the Application of Linear and Non linear Bayesian Var Models to the Macroeconomic Impacts of Energy Price Shocks written by Hoai Bao Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is a collection of five self contained empirical macroeconomic papers on the asymmetric effects of energy price shocks on various economies. Chapter 1 formally determines the number of regime changes in the US natural gas market by employing a MS-VAR model. Estimated using Bayesian methods, three regimes are identified for the period 1980 - 2016, namely, before the Decontrol Act, after the Decontrol Act and the Recession. The results show that the natural gas market tends to be much more sensitive to market fundamental shocks occurring in a Recession regime than in the other regimes. Augmenting the model by incorporating the price of crude oil, the results reveal that the impacts of oil price shocks on natural gas prices are relatively small. Chapter 2 provides new empirical evidence on the asymmetric reactions of the U.S. natural gas market and the U.S. economy to its market fundamental shocks in different phases of the business cycle. To this end, we employ a ST-VAR model to capture the asymmetric responses depending on economic conditions. Our results indicate that in contrast to the prediction made by a linear VAR model, the STVAR model provides a plausible explanation to the behavior of the U.S. natural gas market, which asymmetrically reacts in bad times and good times. Chapter 3 examines the relationship between China's economic growth and global oil market fluctuations between 1992Q1 and 2015Q3. We find that: (1) the time varying parameter VAR with stochastic volatility provides a better fit as compared to it's constant counterparts; (2) the impacts of intertemporal global oil price shocks on China's output are often small and temporary in nature; (3) oil supply and specific oil demand shocks generally produce negative movements in China's GDP growth whilst oil demand shocks tend to have positive effects; (4) domestic output shocks have no significant impact on price or quantity movements within the global oil market. Chapter 4 examines the effects of world energy price shocks on China's macroeconomy. We propose a new index of primary commodity energy prices which accurately reflects both the structure of China's energy expenditure shares, as well as intertemporal fluctuations in international energy prices. The index is then in employed a sufficiently rich set of time varying BVARs, identified by a new set of agnostic sign restrictions. Uniformly sized positive energy price shocks are shown to consistently generate economic stagflation over the past two decades. Chapter 5 compares the macroeconomic effects of global oil and iron ore price shocks on the Australian economy. The main results suggest that, over the period 1990Q1 to 2014Q4, the oil shock has a relative larger impact than that of the iron ore shock on output and inflation while the iron ore shock is the dominant source of interest and exchange rate movements. The effects crucially depend on the underlying sources of oil or iron ore price shifts.

Download or read book Pitfalls in Estimating Asymmetric Effects of Energy Price Shocks written by Lutz Kilian and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A common view in the literature is that the effect of energy price shocks on macroeconomic aggregates is asymmetric in energy price increases and decreases. We show that widely used asymmetric vector autoregressive models of the transmission of energy price shocks are misspecified, resulting in inconsistent parameter estimates, and that the implied impulse responses have been routinely computed incorrectly. As a result, the quantitative importance of unanticipated energy price increases for the U.S. economy has been exaggerated. In response to this problem, we develop alternative regression models and methods of computing responses to energy price shocks that yield consistent estimates regardless of the degree of asymmetry. We also introduce improved tests of the null hypothesis of symmetry in the responses to energy price increases and decreases. An empirical study reveals little evidence against the null hypothesis of symmetry in the responses to energy price shocks. Our analysis also has direct implications for the theoretical literature on the transmission of energy price shocks and for the debate about policy responses to energy price shocks"--P. 1.

Download or read book Effects and Intermediate Transmissions of Oil Price Shocks on Major Economies written by jie lin and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years, there have been increasing interests in effects of oil shocks on economy. However, much researches up to now are mostly restricted in comparisons among regional economies, intermediate transmissions of oil price shocks on economy are almost ignored. Applying Bayesian vector autoregressive models with stochastic volatility and time-varying parameters, this paper examines relationships between oil shocks and macroeconomy from global and mediate angles. We show that effects of oil price shocks on four economies are time-varying and strengthen accompanying oil price shocks' intensified volatility in crisis and Covid-19, with the strongest effects on Japan, followed by the USA, China, Euro-19. When regarding asymmetry, four economies are more sensitive to oil price increases than decreases, rising oil prices only dampen American economy, while falling oil prices boost all economies' economy. Further researches reveal distinctive intermediate transmissions exist among economies. Consumer price, interest rate & exchange rate, exchange rate are major intermediations of oil price shocks on economies in the USA, China, Euro-19 and Japan respectively.

Download or read book Uncertainty and Sign dependent Effects of Oil Market Shocks written by Bao Hoang Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Asymmetric Effect of Oil Price Shocks on Stock Markets written by Hamed Markazi Moghadam and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, we investigate the relationship between stock market price and crude oil market price using Multivariate GARCH type model. We use daily frequency data of stock price indices S&P500 and NASDAQ composite and the prices of one major Crude Oil products, defined as the US price of West Texas Intermediate Cushing (WTI). Our findings provide strong evidence of asymmetries for both NASDAQ and S&P500 price indices; stock market prices rise faster, than they fall, as a reaction to changes in oil prices, after controlling for volatility and price dynamics in a multivariate GARCH context. In other words, adjustment in mean equations is faster in the presence of positive shocks. In addition, we find that volatility shocks are quite persistent and they will have long memory. This study distinguishes itself from the previous studies within the oil and financial literature by not only examining the asymmetric effects of oil prices on stock returns but also applying multivariate GARCH approach in this literature, whilst others use univariate GARCH structure.

Download or read book Oil Price Shocks Monetary Policy and Current Account Imbalances Within a Currency Union written by Timo Baas and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than two decades now, current-account imbalances are a crucial issue in the international policy debate as they threaten the stability of the world economy. More recently, the government debt crisis of the European Union shows that internal current account imbalances inside a currency union may also add to these risks. Oil price fluctuations and a contracting monetary policy that reacts on oil prices, previously discussed to affect the current account may also be a threat to the currency union by changing internal imbalances. Therefore, in this paper, we analyze the impact of oil price shocks on current account imbalances within a currency union. Differences in institutions, especially labor market institutions and trade result in an asymmetric reaction to an otherwise symmetric shock. In this context, we show that oil price shocks can have a long-lasting impact on internal balances, as the exchange rate adjustment mechanism is not available. The common monetary policy authority, however, can reduce such effects by specifying an optimum monetary policy target. Nevertheless, we also show that there is no single best solution. CPI, core CPI or an asymmetric CPI target all come at a cost either regarding an increase in unemployment or increasing imbalances.

Download or read book Oil Price Shocks and Exchange Rate Movements written by Nikanor Volkov and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigates the effects of oil price shocks on exchange rate movements in five major oil-exporting countries: Russia, Brazil, Mexico, Canada, and Norway. The R2 for the model doubles in Russia and Brazil, but increases slightly in Canada and Norway when oil prices are added to it. The volatility of exchange rates associated with oil price shocks is significant in Russia, Brazil, and Mexico, but weak in Norway and Canada. It takes much longer for the exchange rate to reach the initial equilibrium level in Russia, Brazil, and Mexico than in Norway and Canada. The asymmetric behavior of exchange rate volatility among countries seems to be related to the efficiency of financial markets rather than to the importance of oil revenues.

Download or read book Essays on the Effects of Oil Price Shocks on Exchange Rates and the Economy of Saudi Arabia written by Moayad Hussain Al Rasasi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three essays examining the consequences of oil price shocks on exchange rates and the economy of Saudi Arabia. In the first essay, we examine the impact of oil prices on the US dollar (USD) exchange rate in the flexible monetary model framework. We find evidence, based on the impulse response function analysis from the VEC model, suggesting the negative association between oil prices and the USD against 12 currencies. Furthermore, the results from out-of-sample forecasts indicate that oil prices play an essential role in improving the forecasting power of the monetary model of exchange rate determination. In the second essay, we analyze how G7 real exchange rates and monetary policy respond to oil supply, aggregate demand, and oil-specific demand shocks initiated by Killian (2009). Our evidence confirms that aggregate demand and oil specific demand shocks are associated with the depreciation of the real exchange rate for five countries whereas oil supply shocks lead to the depreciation of real exchange rate in four countries. Likewise, we find the monetary policy responds significantly only to aggregate demand and oil specific demand shocks in three countries while the monetary policy responds to real exchange rate shocks in four countries. In the third essay, we investigate the differential effects of oil shocks, developed by Killian (2009), on industrial production, inflation, and the nominal exchange rate of Saudi Arabia. The reported evidence shows that industrial production responds positively only to oil supply shocks. Likewise, we find evidence indicating that there is a positive impact of aggregate demand shocks on inflation. On the other hand, we find evidence suggesting that oil supply and demand shocks are associated with the nominal exchange rate depreciation.

Download or read book Oil Price Shocks Monetary Policy and Current Account Imbalances Within a Currency Union written by Timo Baas and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Inflation in Emerging and Developing Economies written by Jongrim Ha and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-02-24 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive study in the context of EMDEs that covers, in one consistent framework, the evolution and global and domestic drivers of inflation, the role of expectations, exchange rate pass-through and policy implications. In addition, the report analyzes inflation and monetary policy related challenges in LICs. The report documents three major findings: In First, EMDE disinflation over the past four decades was to a significant degree a result of favorable external developments, pointing to the risk of rising EMDE inflation if global inflation were to increase. In particular, the decline in EMDE inflation has been supported by broad-based global disinflation amid rapid international trade and financial integration and the disruption caused by the global financial crisis. While domestic factors continue to be the main drivers of short-term movements in EMDE inflation, the role of global factors has risen by one-half between the 1970s and the 2000s. On average, global shocks, especially oil price swings and global demand shocks have accounted for more than one-quarter of domestic inflation variatio--and more in countries with stronger global linkages and greater reliance on commodity imports. In LICs, global food and energy price shocks accounted for another 12 percent of core inflation variatio--half more than in advanced economies and one-fifth more than in non-LIC EMDEs. Second, inflation expectations continue to be less well-anchored in EMDEs than in advanced economies, although a move to inflation targeting and better fiscal frameworks has helped strengthen monetary policy credibility. Lower monetary policy credibility and exchange rate flexibility have also been associated with higher pass-through of exchange rate shocks into domestic inflation in the event of global shocks, which have accounted for half of EMDE exchange rate variation. Third, in part because of poorly anchored inflation expectations, the transmission of global commodity price shocks to domestic LIC inflation (combined with unintended consequences of other government policies) can have material implications for poverty: the global food price spikes in 2010-11 tipped roughly 8 million people into poverty.

Download or read book Market Volatility and Foreign Exchange Intervention in EMEs written by Banco de Pagos Internacionales (Basilea, Suiza). Departamento Monetario y Económico and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Exchange Rate Economics written by Ronald MacDonald and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ''In summary, the book is valuable as a textbook both at the advanced undergraduate level and at the graduate level. It is also very useful for the economist who wants to be brought up-to-date on theoretical and empirical research on exchange rate behaviour.'' ""Journal of International Economics""

Download or read book Inflation Expectations written by Peter J. N. Sinclair and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-12-16 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inflation is regarded by the many as a menace that damages business and can only make life worse for households. Keeping it low depends critically on ensuring that firms and workers expect it to be low. So expectations of inflation are a key influence on national economic welfare. This collection pulls together a galaxy of world experts (including Roy Batchelor, Richard Curtin and Staffan Linden) on inflation expectations to debate different aspects of the issues involved. The main focus of the volume is on likely inflation developments. A number of factors have led practitioners and academic observers of monetary policy to place increasing emphasis recently on inflation expectations. One is the spread of inflation targeting, invented in New Zealand over 15 years ago, but now encompassing many important economies including Brazil, Canada, Israel and Great Britain. Even more significantly, the European Central Bank, the Bank of Japan and the United States Federal Bank are the leading members of another group of monetary institutions all considering or implementing moves in the same direction. A second is the large reduction in actual inflation that has been observed in most countries over the past decade or so. These considerations underscore the critical – and largely underrecognized - importance of inflation expectations. They emphasize the importance of the issues, and the great need for a volume that offers a clear, systematic treatment of them. This book, under the steely editorship of Peter Sinclair, should prove very important for policy makers and monetary economists alike.

Download or read book One Market One Money written by Michael Emerson and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Community is negotiating a new treaty to establish the constitutional foundations of an economic and monetary union in the course of the 1990s. This study provides the only comprehensive guide to the economic implications of economic and monetary union. The work of an economist inside the Commission of the European Community, it reflects the considerations influencing the design of the union. The study creates a unique bridge between the insights of modern economic analysis and the work of the policy makers preparing for economic and monetary union.

Download or read book International Macroeconomics in the Wake of the Global Financial Crisis written by Laurent Ferrara and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-13 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects selected articles addressing several currently debated issues in the field of international macroeconomics. They focus on the role of the central banks in the debate on how to come to terms with the long-term decline in productivity growth, insufficient aggregate demand, high economic uncertainty and growing inequalities following the global financial crisis. Central banks are of considerable importance in this debate since understanding the sluggishness of the recovery process as well as its implications for the natural interest rate are key to assessing output gaps and the monetary policy stance. The authors argue that a more dynamic domestic and external aggregate demand helps to raise the inflation rate, easing the constraint deriving from the zero lower bound and allowing monetary policy to depart from its current ultra-accommodative position. Beyond macroeconomic factors, the book also discusses a supportive financial environment as a precondition for the rebound of global economic activity, stressing that understanding capital flows is a prerequisite for economic-policy decisions.

Download or read book Anatomy of Sudden Yen Appreciations written by Mr.Fei Han and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-07-01 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The yen is an important barometer for the Japanese economy. Depreciations are typically associated with favorable economic developments such as increased corporate profits, rising equity prices, and upward pressure on domestic consumer prices. On the other hand, large and sharp appreciations run the risk of lowering actual and expected inflation, squeezing corporate profits, generating a negative wealth effect through depressed equity prices, and reducing confidence in the Bank of Japan’s efforts to reflate the domestic economy and achieve the inflation target. This paper takes a closer look at underlying drivers of rapid yen appreciations, highlighting the key role of carry-trade and the zero lower bound as important amplifiers.