Download or read book Associations Among Drinking Patterns Negative Consequences and Drinking Motives and Their Relation to First Year College Student Retention written by Kristina Howard and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Study of the Individual Factors that Contribute to Alcohol Related Risk in College Students written by Latasha Yvonne Hicks-Becton and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Collegiate alcohol use is a growing concern. Though alcohol use is often considered normative with this population, it is associated with negative consequences including unwanted sexual contact and suicidality (Core Institute, 2013) and as criminal charges for status offenses or driving under the influence. Often, offenses that occur on or near campus are diverted from the criminal justice system and addressed through the student conduct process. University officials mandate students who violate alcohol and/or drug (AOD) policy to interventions designed to reduce alcohol consumption and related negative consequences, yet these interventions are not always successful at doing so (e.g. Bernstein et al., 2017; Borsari et al., 2012, 2016). Variability in the process of assigning students to mandated interventions (e.g. Amaro et al., 2009; Bernstein et al., 2017; Juhnke et al., 2002), prevents assessment of the way intervention assignment practices influence alcohol related outcomes. Moreover, there is no empirically derived method of assigning students to interventions. In the last decade, however, alcohol consumption (frequency of heavy episodic dinking) and experience of alcohol-related consequences measured on the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (YAACQ; Read, Kahler, Strong, & Colder, 2006) have been used in research studies to determine risk prior to intervention assignment (Bernstein et al., 2017; Borsari, 2005; Borsari et al., 2016). Although this is a step in the right direction, using solely alcohol consumption and consequences does not fully account for the context of the student's life or experiences. Risk has also been determined using scores from the Alcohol Use Disorders Test (AUDIT; Saunders, Aasland, Babor, de la Fuente, & Grant, 1993, Carey, Carey, Maisto, & Henson, 2009); however, this method also fails to consider other factors that contribute to risk ratings among college students (e.g., history of AOD use, family history, drinking motives, and demographic factors such as sex, race, Greek affiliation). While researchers exploring the impact of risk-based assignment to interventions is emerging, knowledge of the impact of this assignment process is limited. And, though these interventions assigned based on risk demonstrated some effectiveness, they do not facilitate improvement for all students (Bernstein et al., 2017; Borsari et al., 2016). Researchers have called for a more multifaceted set of variables to determine risk (Borsari et al., 2016) and assign interventions in order to improve study outcomes, and until now, no such model has been explored. The purpose of this study was to explore a comprehensive model that takes into account the individual inter- and intrapersonal factors that contribute to risk. Using stepwise logistic regression, this study identified a combination of factors to be used for risk rating determination among a convenience sample of collegiate drinkers. This study also sought to understand differences between risk groups. Risk ratings may be used to assign students to alcohol interventions to improve effectiveness and resource allocation. This calculated risk rating can be used to determine intervention type/assignment, and improve intervention outcomes consistent with Mallet, Bachrach, and Turissi's (2009) suggestion that interventions for risky drinkers may be enhanced or improved by incorporating more variables (for example intrapersonal variables) that are closely related to intervention outcomes. This study was a first step in efforts to understand how individual factors including demographic factors and intrapersonal factors, interact to explain current and future risk. Collegiate undergraduates aged 18-25 years old responded to a questionnaire about demographic characteristics, motives for drinking, alcohol-related consequences, and patterns of alcohol consumption. Results of the study indicate individual factors such as freshman classification, biological sex, and motives for drinking may be appropriate screening variables as they are more likely to predict alcohol-related risk than other individual factors including alcohol citation history. These findings are consistent with previous research that identify class year, sex, and drinking motives as predictive of risky alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. Implications for counselors and student affairs staff are discussed in the context of program development and implementation. Keywords: college, alcohol, sanction, intervention, risk, hazardous drinking, AUDIT, YAACQ, alcohol consumption, alcohol-related consequences, risk-based assignment."--Abstract from author supplied metadata

Download or read book Perceived Norms Alcohol Outcome Expectancies and Collegiate Drinking written by Edward Wahesh and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Hazardous drinking among university students remains a significant public health crisis on college campuses. According to the Core Institute (2012), nearly 44% of college students reported heavy episodic drinking during the previous two weeks. Alcohol use results in numerous problems experienced by college students, including impaired driving and death (Hingson, Zha, & Weitzman, 2009). In response, there has been a call within the literature to develop theoretically derived mediation models to investigate the complex array of variables that influence collegiate drinking behaviors (Baer, 2002; Oei & Morawska, 2004). By examining the multiple pathways of alcohol use, tailored interventions can be designed that target appropriate contributing factors for high-risk drinking groups (Dowdall & Wechsler, 2002). The purpose of this study was to test a model of collegiate drinking comprised of several key determinants of alcohol use: descriptive norms, injunctive norms, positive alcohol outcome expectancies, negative alcohol outcome expectancies, and four types of drinking motives (coping, conformity, social reinforcement, and enhancement). The motivational model of alcohol use (Cox & Klinger, 1988, 2011) was used as a framework for conceptualizing the unique role that each variable played in contributing to drinking outcome variables (alcohol use intensity and alcohol-related negative consequences). It was posited that drinking motives would fully mediate the associations between psychosocial determinants of drinking (social norms and alcohol outcome expectancies) and drinking outcome variables. Path analysis was utilized to examine associations among the variables and to assess the fit of the hypothesized model with a sample of 445 full-time undergraduates between the ages of 18 and 24 years old. A final, revised model accounted for 45% of the variance in both alcohol use intensity and alcohol-related negative consequences. Whereas enhancement drinking motives and social norms variables emerged as important predictors of alcohol use intensity, negative drinking motives acted as key predictors of alcohol-related negative consequences. Results of bootstrapping analyses indicated that drinking motives significantly mediated the indirect relationships between several psychosocial determinants and drinking outcome variables. Multiple group tests of invariance indicated that the revised model was an acceptable fit among male and female students as well as underclassmen and upperclassmen. Several implications for counselors and counselor educators were gleaned from the results. In the future, researchers should design and evaluate targeted interventions that are tailored for college drinkers based on their primary motives for alcohol consumption."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.

Download or read book Factors Associated with Alcohol Use in University Students written by René Šebeňa and published by Palacký University Olomouc. This book was released on with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research into alcohol use by young people is mostly focused on adolescents, secondary or further education students rather than university students. However, alcohol drinking among university students is a widely recognized problem and represents a serious health and cultural problem, with many negative individual, interpersonal and cultural consequences. Binge drinking, an increasingly common pattern of excessive alcohol use with serious negative consequences for individual drinkers, those around them, and the university environment, is a major problem on university campuses. Alcohol consumption among youths is affected by a complex of risk and protective factors, investigation of which is essential for a better understanding and focusing of the intervention procedures. The complex linkages of risk and protective factors and problem behaviours change over time and within different cultures and countries. The importance of this kind of research for the field of prevention is obvious: If we can determine the personal and interpersonal protective and risk factors affecting alcohol-use behaviour, we can better plan preventive interventions focused on creating and enhancing the personal protective attributes. To design and develop appropriate interventions, to improve behavioural outcomes for adolescents, a better understanding of these complexities and relations is required.

Download or read book Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students BASICS written by Linda A. Dimeff and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 1999-01-08 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This instructive manual presents a pragmatic and clinically proven approach to the prevention and treatment of undergraduate alcohol abuse. The BASICS model is a nonconfrontational, harm reduction approach that helps students reduce their alcohol consumption and decrease the behavioral and health risks associated with heavy drinking. Including numerous reproducible handouts and assessment forms, the book takes readers step-by-step through conducting BASICS assessment and feedback sessions. Special topics covered include the use of DSM-IV criteria to evaluate alcohol abuse, ways to counter student defensiveness about drinking, and obtaining additional treatment for students with severe alcohol dependency. Note about Photocopy Rights: The Publisher grants individual book purchasers nonassignable permission to reproduce selected figures, information sheets, and assessment instruments in this book for professional use. For details and limitations, see copyright page.

Download or read book Examining How Ethnicity and Country of Origin Relate to Collegiate Student Athletes Alcohol Use written by Jennifer Nicole Forse and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been well researched that college student alcohol use is a public health concern and that college students as a general population are at risk for excessive alcohol use and binge drinking. Within the wide population of college students, student-athletes are at a particularly high risk for excessive alcohol consumption. Collegiate student-athletes have been found to be more likely than their peers to report alcohol-related negative consequences. In studying why athletes drink more than their peers, collegiate student-athlete alcohol research purports that motives for alcohol use stem from both general and sport-related motives. Social norms research, particularly descriptive and injunctive norms, has also been used to explain alcohol use habits in college students and student-athletes. Alcohol use is also strongly influenced by cultural norms and beliefs that one may develop in their country of origin. No research currently exists that studies how domestic and international student-athletes differ in alcohol use trends. The current study intends to bridge gaps in the literature by investigating alcohol use among international and domestic student-athletes and the resulting relationship between factors such as alcohol consumption, drinking motives, negative consequences of alcohol use, and a student-athlete's country of origin. It was hypothesized that student-athletes from the United States would report significantly different alcohol use behaviors than their International counterparts. NCAA student-athletes (n = 1330) completed an online questionnaire that included a demographics survey, country of origin questions, social norms perceptions questions, alcohol use questions, Athlete Drinking Scale, Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised, and Rutger's Alcohol Problem Index. Multiple MANCOVA analyses were run to examine differences in alcohol use behaviors between the three pairs of independent variables while controlling for gender and age. Analyses revealed significant effects for country of origin on student-athletes perceived injunctive norms and sport-related drinking motives. Specifically, international student-athletes perceived that friends from their country of origin approve of binge drinking more than United States student-athletes perceived their friends approve of binge drinking. Also, United States student-athletes endorsed all sport-related drinking motives more than international student-athletes endorsed the same motives, meaning that American student-athletes are more motivated to drink alcohol due to sport-related drinking motives than in international student-athletes are motivated to drink due to sport-related drinking motives.

Download or read book Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Drinking Motives Underlying Internalizing and Externalizing Pathways to Alcohol Misuse in College Students written by Jeanne Elizabeth Savage and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol misuse, including heavy episodic use and negative consequences, is a major public health concern and a particular problem among college students. The etiology of alcohol misuse is not well resolved, with multiple and often contradictory factors implicated in its development. Genetic factors influence alcohol misuse but few specific genes have been identified. A potential reason for these challenges is that alcohol misuse is phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous; that is, there are multiple causal pathways underlying its development. Previous typologies have suggested that distinct internalizing and externalizing pathways are involved, with corresponding differences in profiles of personality, temperament, and comorbid psychopathology. Drinking motives, specifically drinking for positive reinforcement versus negative reinforcement motives, map intuitively onto such pathways and may provide a mechanism explaining their development. The aim of this project was to utilize drinking motives as intermediate phenotypic measures to investigate genetic and environmental factors contributing to the hypothesized diverging internalizing and externalizing pathways to alcohol misuse in a prospective, longitudinal sample of college students. Mixture modeling approaches identified distinct internalizing and externalizing subgroups with both quantitative and qualitative differences in traits/symptoms. The externalizing subgroup had a broader risk profile and elevated levels of both types of drinking motives, while the internalizing subgroup had specifically elevated levels of internalizing symptoms and negative reinforcement motives. Longitudinal analyses indicated stability of drinking motives throughout college and differential associations between positive/negative reinforcement motives and internalizing, externalizing, and alcohol misuse measures. Cross-lagged structural equation models pointed to a causal direction of effect of positive reinforcement motives on alcohol misuse. Finally, a series of genetic association analyses identified some promising genes and genetic variants underlying drinking motives and internalizing psychopathology, though their genetic etiologies remain largely inconclusive. The results of this project tie together several parallel lines of research on alcohol misuse and in the broader psychiatric genetics field. Findings support the existence of distinct, though not wholly separate, internalizing and externalizing subgroups, and suggest that the intermediate mechanisms of drinking motives are a valuable tool through which to understand these heterogeneous pathways to alcohol misuse.

Download or read book Beyond Heavy Episodic Drinking written by Brian Hardin Calhoun and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol use commonly begins during high school, increases and peaks in the early twenties, and then decreases during young adulthood as individuals transition into adult work and social roles. The peak in alcohol use trajectories during the early twenties is particularly pronounced for college students. Although many heavy drinking college students mature out of this behavior, some develop patterns of heavy drinking that continue into adulthood and which may lead to serious health and/or developmental problems, such as alcohol use disorder. Heavy episodic drinking (HED), or women/men consuming four/five or more drinks in a row, is the most widely used indicator of heavy college drinking, and has been shown to predict an array of negative consequences across multiple domains. However, research is increasingly showing that some students drink at levels far beyond this threshold on many occasions. Recent findings have also demonstrated that drinking in specific contexts, such as when pregaming, is associated with HED and can be particularly risky. This dissertation sought to advance research on heavy college drinking by demonstrating the need for researchers to better differentiate among levels of drinking and to more fully consider the effects of HED in certain situations, such as before going out (Pregame HED) and during the daytime (Day Drinking). Data came from the University Life Study which followed first-year, first-time, full-time college students under the age of 21 at a large, land grant university (N = 736, M = 18.44 years old, SD = .43 years). Students were selected using a stratified random sampling technique that resulted in a balanced sample in regard to gender (50.8% female) and four major race/ethnicity groups (25.1% Hispanic/Latinx, 15.7% African American non-Hispanic [NH], 23.3% Asian American/Pacific Islander NH, 27.4% European American NH, and 8.5% multiracial NH). A longitudinal measurement-burst design was used in which students completed a longer web-based survey and up to 14 consecutive web-based daily surveys in each of their first seven semesters (3 years) of college.Paper 1 introduces the concept of Pregame HED, or getting drunk before going out, and tested whether students were more likely to engage in high-intensity drinking (HID; i.e., double the HED threshold) and risky behaviors and whether they experienced more negative consequences on Pregame HED days than on days they consumed a more moderate amount of drinks while pregaming (N = 4,454 drinking days nested within N = 521 students who reported drinking on at least one occasion in Semesters 4-7 when data on pregaming were available). Multilevel models nesting days within semesters within persons contrasted Pregame HED days, that is, days students got drunk before going out, with drinking days on which they consumed a more moderate amount of alcohol while pregaming. Pregame HED was reported by 41% of drinkers and on 15% of drinking days and 38% of pregaming days. Students were more likely to engage in HID and to use illegal drugs and experienced more negative consequences on Pregame HED days than on Moderate Pregaming days. Similar to past research, students were more likely to engage in HID, experience negative consequences, play drinking games, and mix alcohol with energy drinks on Moderate Pregaming days than on Non-Pregaming drinking days.Paper 2 introduces the concept of Day Drinking, or drinking that begins during the daytime (i.e., between 6:00 AM and 3:45 PM), and tested whether students were more likely to engage in HED, HID, and risky behaviors and whether they experienced more negative consequences on Day Drinking days than on days drinking began during the evening or nighttime (N = 7,549 drinking days nested within 618 student drinkers). Day Drinking was reported by 50% of drinkers and on 9% of drinking days across the study. Results of multilevel models nesting days within semesters within persons showed that students were more likely to engage in HED and HID, play drinking games, and use illegal drugs on Day Drinking days than on Nighttime-Only drinking days. Students who reported Day Drinking more frequently were more likely to report HED, HID, mixing alcohol with energy drinks, and negative consequences of alcohol use on drinking days across the study.Paper 3 tested whether three novel risky drinking indicators (HID, Day Drinking, and Pregame HED) predicted medium-term health, legal, and academic consequences, beyond associations with HED (N = 473 student drinkers). Logistic and negative binomial regressions tested whether risky drinking behaviors earlier in college predicted consequences several years later by fourth year of college. Results showed that Pregame HED in the middle of college predicted greater alcohol-related problems and a hazardous and harmful pattern of drinking, independent of HED, in fourth year. First-year HID independently predicted a hazardous and harmful pattern of drinking in fourth year, whereas first-year Day Drinking was not independently associated with any of the four outcomes. Supplemental analyses demonstrated that Pregame HED and HID provided greater specificity in predicting medium-term consequences than HED, and HED provided greater sensitivity.Taken together, this dissertation highlights how common these three extreme, yet understudied, risky drinking behaviors were among the traditionally-aged, full-time students in this multi-ethnic sample from a large, land grant university. This work demonstrates the importance of better differentiating among levels of alcohol consumption and of considering the context in which heavy drinking occurs. By only using single, dichotomous indicators of risky drinking (i.e., HED or any pregaming), researchers fail to capture much of the unique variance that predicts both acute and distal outcomes. It is argued that by using the three novel indicators of risky drinking assessed here (i.e., Pregame HED, Day Drinking, and HID) in conjunction with the broader and more widely used HED and any pregaming indicators, researchers will be able to better identify nuances in the associations between risky college drinking and its correlates and consequences, such as whether particular correlates and consequences are more a result of the amount of alcohol consumed or whether it is the situation in which it is consumed that is particularly conducive to that behavior or consequence. This dissertation illustrated this type of nuanced association by showing that the amount of alcohol consumed while pregaming predicted the number of negative consequences students experienced, whereas students likelihood of playing drinking games was predicted by pregame drinking more generally, regardless of amount. Future work could use a similar analytic technique to assess nuances in other correlates and consequences of risky college drinking.

Download or read book An Event level Conceptual Model of College Student Drinking written by Danielle R. Madden and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: The excessive consumption of alcohol by college students is a major public health problem in the U.S. Heavy alcohol use has been linked to numerous consequences ranging from less serious effects (i.e.., hangovers) to death. Decades of research have linked certain beliefs, attitudes or motivations to drinking behavior but intensive prevention efforts based on these ideas have done little to mitigate this issue. Much of the past research has focused on the interplay of cognitive factors (i.e., expectancies, motivations) and typical drinking patterns (i.e., quantity or frequency of drinking during the past year). Unfortunately, examining the relationship between “general” motives, expectancies, or use of protective strategies and “typical” drinking is not adequate to understand behavior as it occurs. Therefore, the need to understand drinking at the event-level is critical. To this end, this study examined a conceptual model of college students’ drinking events in order to determine the potential mediating effect of drinking motives and protective behavioral strategies in the relationship between alcohol expectancies and event-level alcohol use and consequences. Methods: An existing dataset containing information about 2,279 college student drinking events was analyzed for this study. Students completed surveys during the administration of a commercial online alcohol course during 2010 and 2011. These surveys contained measures of typical alcohol expectancies, drinking motives, and use of protective behavioral strategies. Students also provided detailed information about their last drinking event that occurred within seven days prior to the course. A theoretical model that examined the mediating influence of these cognitive factors and typical use of protective strategies on event-level alcohol use was analyzed with structural equation modeling. Results: The hypothesized causal ordering was supported by the findings. Both typical use of protective strategies and drinking motives mediated the relationship between expectancies and event-level alcohol use and problems. Positive expectancies was associated with greater positive motives, greater motives were associated with less use of PBS, and less PBS use was then, in turn, associated with higher event-level intoxication. Lastly, higher intoxication was associated with more serious consequences during the event. Discussion: In order to develop effective prevention that can be implemented during an event, the role of expectancies, drinking motives, and protective strategies needs to be considered in tandem. This is the first study to simultaneously explore the relationship between these factors and event-level drinking. There is a great need to continue to further explore the dynamic nature of drinking at the event-level to illuminate potential leverage points amendable to change.

Download or read book Dimension of Affect Drinking Motives and Daily Moods written by Frank M. Kenner and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous analyses of the intercorrelations among affective antecedents, drinking motives and alcohol-related outcomes have revealed a complex pattern of associations. The present study further explored these factors by investigating the relationships among the trait affect dimensions of intensity and lability, drinking motives and state daily affect as predictors of binge drinking in 117 undergraduate students. Affect intensity was hypothesized to moderate the relationship between state daily affect and binge drinking. Specifically, higher levels of trait affect intensity would result in (1) a stronger positive association between state positive affect and binge drinking for individuals who endorse strong enhancement-motivated drinking, and (2) a stronger association between state negative affect and binge drinking for individuals who endorse strong coping-motivated drinking. Affective lability, on the other hand, was hypothesized to directly influence binge drinking, with a greater likelihood of binge drinking among individuals endorsing higher levels of affective lability. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted separately for men and women. The results only partially supported the study hypotheses, with gender differences being observed. For women, the probability of binge drinking was associated solely with state positive affect, with a greater likelihood of binge drinking on days with higher levels of positive affect. For men, interactions among state and trait affect and drinking motives were observed. Men were more likely to binge drink if they endorsed both high coping-motivated drinking and labile affect. They also were more likely to binge drink on days with high levels positive affect, but only if they also endorsed either strong enhancement-motivated drinking or strong trait positive emotionality. Implications for intervention strategies and suggestions for further research are discussed.

Download or read book Sensation Seeking Drinking Motives and Perceived Norms as Mediators of the Association Between College Major and Drinking Patterns written by Emily Ann Voelkel and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excessive drinking on college campuses has been investigated extensively in psychological literature. While some studies suggest that business students are consuming alcohol at higher rates than students in other majors, there is a lack of research exploring mechanisms that account for this consumption difference. The focus of this study was to determine to what extent the following variables mediated the relationship between choice of major and drinking behavior: drinking motives, perceived drinking norms for that major, primary psychopathy, and sensation seeking. A total of 169 undergraduate students completed survey packets assessing the following: alcohol consumption (e.g., binge drinking frequency, drinking frequency, and drinking problems), trait anxiety, sensation seeking tendencies, perceived drinking norms, psychopathy, social desirability, and professed motives behind their alcohol consumption. The initial MANCOVA revealed a nonsignificant omnibus F, technically precluding exploration of the subsequent univariate ANOVAs. However, for teaching purposes as well as to explore directions for future research, the complete proposed analyses were conducted. Thus, the results of this study should be interpreted with caution. The first set of univariate ANOVA results indicated that business students and arts and sciences students only significantly differed from each other in binge drinking frequency. Contrary to hypotheses, the results revealed that drinking motives, sensation seeking tendencies, and primary psychopathy did not mediate the relationship between choice of major and binge drinking frequency. The results did indicate that perceived drinking norms for that major fully mediated the relationship between choice of major and binge drinking frequency. Business students may engage in binge drinking more frequently than arts and sciences students due to the perceived drinking norms within their major. That is, while business students did report engaging in binge drinking more frequently, they may also be overestimating the actual amount of alcohol others in their major consume. Therefore, they might consume more alcohol themselves in order to match their perceptions. Although the above results should be interpreted with caution, the treatment and prevention implications include education concerning perceived versus actual drinking norms on college campuses as well as treatment focused on changing the culture surrounding alcohol consumption for business majors.

Download or read book Drinking in College written by Robert Straus and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This survey of the drinking customs and attitudes of a group of the college students in the United States was conceived as part of a larger study of the problems connected with alcohol in American society and their relationship to the custom of drinking. -- from Introduction.

Download or read book Alcohol Use and Expectations Among College Freshmen written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prevalence of hazardous drinking is not decreasing but remaining relatively high and stable on college campuses (Johnston, O'Malley, & Bachman, 1997). Past research has found that use and abuse of alcohol has profound negative consequences among college students, especially those who drink hazardously (Wechsler, Lee, Gledhill-Hoyt, & Nelson, 2001). In addition, there are a number of psychological, social, and environmental factors that influence or contribute to alcohol use among college students (Quigley & Marlatt, 1996). More specifically, alcohol expectations have been found to mediate the association between drinking triggers and decisions to drink alcohol (Annis & Davis, 1989). Positive expectancies have been found to be more predictive of alcohol use than negative expectancies (Stacy,Wildaman, & Marlatt, 1990). This study explored patterns of reported alcohol use and expectations about alcohol among 155 undergraduate freshmen students at a private Midwest liberal arts college. Participants were recruited for this study through twenty freshmen studies classes during the fall semester of 2001. Participants completed the Alcohol Use Identification Disorders Test (AUDIT), Alcohol Expectancies Questionnaire (AEQ and the Alcohol Effects Questionnaire-Self version (AEQ-S, which is identical to the AEFQ). Fifty-two point three percent of this sample of freshmen students were hazardous drinkers. The discovery that the majority of the sample entered college with pre-established patterns of hazardous alcohol use that put them at risk was surprising and raised several concerns. Independent t-tests revealed that hazardous drinkers had a pattern of alcohol expectations that differentiated them from non-hazardous drinkers. Hazardous drinkers held significantly more positive expectations about alcohol use for others (i.e., alcohol makes Suzie more fun) and themselves (i.e., alcohol makes me have more fun) compared to non-hazardous drinkers. This means that 52.3% of the freshmen sample were highly motivated to continue their hazardous drinking behavior. Thus, this study offered tremendous support for the implementation of prevention and intervention programs regarding alcohol use on college campuses. Recommendations for prevention and interventions programs are suggested in order to decrease hazardous alcohol use on college campuses.

Download or read book A Call to Action written by National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-04-19 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year as spring break approaches or when another promising young student dies in an alcohol-related tragedy, college drinking becomes a national issue. Although excessive drinking by college students is accepted as a rite of passage by many, alcohol-related tragedies never fail to shock us and to prompt calls for immediate action. When schools respond with well intentioned programs, but the problem persists, it is natural to wonder how much we really understand about excessive, college student drinking. Is it inevitable? Can we take steps to prevent it or reduce its consequences? Why have efforts to date proven ineffective? The fact is that since 1976, when the newly created National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) issued its only report on abusive drinking by college students, research advances have transformed our understanding of alcohol abuse and related problems. For example, we now know that a broad array of factors affect college student drinking behavior. These include an individual's susceptibility to alcohol, campus norms related to drinking, and conditions within the larger community that make alcohol readily accessible and fail to penalize inappropriate use. Together these influences contribute to a culture of drinking that is more damaging and deadly than previously recognized. This report, developed by the NIAAA-supported Task Force on College Drinking after 3 years of intensive discussions, describes our new understanding of dangerous drinking behavior by college students and its consequences for both drinkers and nondrinkers. Rather than debate how many drink how much, the Task Force focused on the consequences. What it found challenges many common assumptions about the size and nature of the problem. Not only do some 1,400 college students between the ages of 18 and 24 die every year as a result of hazardous drinking, but a half million suffer unintentional injuries under the influence of alcohol. Another 600,000 are assaulted by fellow drinking students and more than 70,000 are sexually assaulted. The data on academic achievement, damage to facilities, and health problems are equally alarming. The nature of existing data leads to the inference that some college students meet the diagnostic criteria for alcohol dependence as currently specified by the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV), but are not receiving treatment. Although most students who exhibit dangerous drinking behavior during their college career mature out of heavy drinking, this behavior and its consequences are nonetheless cause for concern. In its report, the Task Force outlines a series of recommendations for colleges and universities, researchers, and NIAAA. What distinguishes this guidance from others is its firm reliance on scientific evidence and its call for collaboration between academic institutions and researchers. In response to the information and recommendations in this report, NIAAA is committing an additional $8 million over the next two fiscal years to the issue of college drinking. It also is collaborating with several college presidents to determine the effectiveness of policies aimed at reducing the problem. The chancellor of a university that recently suffered the alcohol-related death of one of its students said, "Our children's lives are at real risk, and universities need to make every effort to prevent any more lives from being wasted." This report underscores the wisdom of that advice and urges us to join forces in changing the culture of drinking on our Nation's campuses from one that fosters destructive behavior to one that discourages it.

Download or read book The Effects of Sleep Problems and Depression on Alcohol related Negative Consequences Among College Students written by Amanda Wattenmaker McGann and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous literature provides an overview of the multiple relationships between alcohol use, protective behavioral strategies (PBS), alcohol-related negative consequences, depression, and sleep problems among college students, as well as differences by individual level characteristics, such as age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Several studies have found that specific demographic groups of students are more likely to reach a higher blood alcohol content (BAC) when 0́−partying0́+ or socializing (Turner, Bauerle, & Shu, 2004; Crotty, 2011). A variety of studies have also confirmed the positive relationship between high blood alcohol content and experiencing alcohol-related negative consequences (Turner, et al., 2004; Martens, Taylor, Damann, Page, Mowry, & Cimini, 2004; Borden, Martens, McBride, Sheline, Bloch, & Dude, 2011; Crotty, 2011). Additional studies have explored the role that protective behaviors play in the alcohol consumption-negative consequences relationship (Martens et al., 2004; Borden et al., 2011; Haines, Barker, & Rice, 2006; Martens, Martin, Littlefield, Murphy, & Cimini, 2011). These studies conclude that the frequency of protective behavior use and the number of these behaviors that are used when consuming alcohol are associated with the likelihood of a student experiencing negative consequences. Specifically, the negative relationship between protective behavior use and likelihood of experiencing negative consequences as a result of binge drinking is stronger for students who rarely use protective behaviors (Martens et al., 2004). Recent studies have also explored the role that depressive symptoms play in a model with alcohol use and alcohol-related negative consequences. The prevalence of college students who were diagnosed with depression in the last school year presents a great need to study its relationship with these constructs. Students with poor mental health or depression are also more likely to experience alcohol-related negative consequences (Weitzman, 2004), and there is a direct association between depressive symptoms and negative consequences, but not necessarily between alcohol use and depressive symptoms (Vickers, Patten, Bronars, Lane, Stevens, Croghan, Schroeder, & Clark, 2004). One study also suggests that protective behaviors partially mediate the relationship between depressive symptoms and negative consequences (Martens, Martin, Hatchett, Fowler, Fleming, Karakashian, & Cimini, 2008). Further, students with depressive symptoms who use protective behaviors drink less and experience fewer negative consequences, as compared to students without depressive symptoms who use protective behaviors (LaBrie, Kenney, Lac, Garcia, & Ferraiolo, 2009). Sleeping problems play an important role in the relationship between alcohol consumption and alcohol-related negative consequences. Poorer global sleep quality is associated with alcohol-related negative consequences after controlling for alcohol use. Further, among heavier drinkers, those with poorer sleep quality experienced greater levels of negative consequences than those who had better sleep quality (Kenney, LaBrie, Hummer, & Pham, 2012). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between alcohol use measured by estimated Blood Alcohol Content (eBAC), PBS, depression, and sleep problems, as they explain the variance of alcohol-related negative consequences using the spring 2009 national aggregate data set of the American College Health Association National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA). This dataset was comprised of a random sample of undergraduate and graduate students from 117 U.S. colleges and universities (n=53,850). Reliability analyses, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used for model specification and evaluation. Model fit indices for the current study indicate that the model and the data in this study are a good fit, demonstrated by RM.S.EA= .044, 90% CI (.044, .044) and SRMR= .066. Findings suggest that an additive effect of eBAC, PBS, depression, sleep problems, and certain demographics explain 39% of the variance in alcohol-related negative consequences and greatly impact the amount of harm that college students may experience as a result of their alcohol use. Results from the current study may assist clinicians and health educators who want to improve the probability that they will be able help reduce negative consequences among college students when they drink alcohol. These staff may engage students in a conversation about risk reduction (e.g. one on one consults, campus-wide media campaign) and also provide support for conducting brief screenings about alcohol so that clinicians may be more effective in helping students to reduce alcohol-related negative consequences. The results from this study may also assist researchers in finding more relationships that account for some of the unexplained variance in this study. Interpreting these predictive relationships are important to the way that students are screened for alcohol problems on college campuses, as well as decisions that college students make about alcohol in the greater context of healthy lifestyle decisions. Future research could include repeating the analysis with each race/ethnicity separated out instead of as a dichotomous variable (white/non-white), conducting a similar analysis with each negative consequence instead of as a scale, developing a more complete sleep problems scale within the ACHA-NCHA with improved reliability, and a further investigation into the positive correlation between sleep problems and depression in order to explore other variables that mediate the relationship between depression and sleep problems among college students.

Download or read book Expectancies and Motives as Mediating Links Between College Students Personality and Alcohol Use written by Letitia E. Travaglini and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Personality, alcohol expectancies, and drinking motives have been identified as key factors affecting alcohol use and drinking patterns in college populations (Cooper et al., 2000; Katz et al., 2000; Kuntsche et al., 2008). To date, most research has focused on the mediating effects of motives to drink, rather than expectancies of drinking, on the relation between personality and alcohol use. The current study examined the mediating effects of both alcohol expectancies and motives on the relation between personality and alcohol use, specifically looking at the strength of these mediating variables in a sample of full-time college students. Two-hundred and seventy five undergraduate students completed an online questionnaire assessing personality (extraversion and neuroticism), alcohol expectancies (positive and negative), drinking motives (enhancement, coping, and social), and patterns of alcohol use (frequency and intensity). Results found small-to-moderate relations among study variables, with limited mediating effects of expectancies and motives.