Download or read book Assimilable Organic Carbon as a Measure of Bacterial Growth Potential in Water Supplies written by Khrys C. Tapang and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Determination of the Concentration of Easily Assimilable Organic Carbon AOC in Drinking Water with Growth Measurements Using Pure Bacterial Cultures written by D. Van der Kooij and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessing Bacterial Growth Potential in Seawater Reverse Osmosis Pretreatment written by Almotasembellah Abushaban and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-21 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seawater desalination is increasingly being used as a means to augment freshwater supplies in regions with high water stress, and reverse osmosis is increasingly the technology of choice because of the low energy consumption. However, seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) systems suffer from various types of fouling, which can increase energy consumption and the use of chemicals during SWRO operation. In practice, pre-treatment systems are put in place to reduce the particulate and biological fouling potential of SWRO feed water. However, simple, reliable and accurate methods to assess the extent to which biological fouling potential is reduced during pre-treatment are not available for seawater. This research developed a new method to measure bacterial growth potential (BGP) using the native bacterial consortium in seawater. New reagents to extract and detect ATP in microbial cells were specifically developed for seawater. The new lysis and detection reagents overcame the salt interference in seawater and allow low detection of total ATP, free ATP and microbial ATP in seawater. Incorporating a filtration step further increased the sensitivity of the method six fold, enabling ATP detection of ultra-low levels of microbial ATP in seawater. The newly developed ATP-based BGP method was applied to monitor and assess the pre-treatment of five full-scale seawater desalination plants around the world. A good correlation was observed between BGP measured in SWRO feed water and the pressure drop increase in the SWRO systems, suggesting the applicability of using the ATP-based BGP method as a biofouling indicator in SWRO. Furthermore, a safe level of BGP ( In the future, on-line monitoring of BGP in SWRO feed water may further reduce the consumption of chemicals and energy and improve the overall sustainability of seawater desalination by reverse osmosis.
Download or read book Microbial Growth in Drinking Water Supplies written by Dick van der Kooij and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2013-09-14 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maintaining the microbial quality in distribution systems and connected installations remains a challenge for the water supply companies all over the world, despite many years of research. This book identifies the main concerns and knowledge gaps related to regrowth and stimulates cooperation in future research. Microbial Growth in Drinking Water Supplies provides an overview of the regrowth issue in different countries and the water quality problems related to regrowth. The book assesses the causes of regrowth in drinking water and the prevention of regrowth by water treatment and distribution. Editors: Dirk van der Kooij and Paul W.J.J. van der Wielen, KWR Watercycle Research Institute, The Netherlands
Download or read book Microbial Quality of Water Supply in Distribution Systems written by Edwin E. Geldreich and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-07-26 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hidden problems, buried deep in the pipe networks of water distribution systems, are very serious potential threats to water quality. Microbial Quality of Water Supply in Distribution Systems outlines the processes and issues related to the degradation of water quality upon passage through networks of pipes, storage reservoirs, and standpipes on its way to the consumer. The risks associated with biofilm accumulation, bacteria, and other contaminants are discussed in great detail. In addition to its excellent microbiological coverage of organisms in drinking water and biofilms in distribution systems, Microbial Quality of Water Supply in Distribution Systems provides clear treatments of the technical and public communication issues most commonly affecting the quality of water and water supply systems. The inclusion of numerous case histories in this new book makes it a complete reference source for anyone concerned with water quality and water distribution systems.
Download or read book Microbiology written by Joan Slonczewski and published by W. W. Norton. This book was released on 2017-07-03 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most current and visually engaging introduction to general microbiology.
Download or read book The Growth of Bacteria on Organic Compounds in Drinking Water written by Dick Kooij (drinkwater) and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growth ("regrowth") of bacteria In drinking water distribution systems results in a deterioration of the water quality. Regrowth of chemoheterotrophic bacteria depends on the presence of organic. compounds that serve as a nutrient source for these bacteria. A batch-culture technique was developed to study the growth of bacteria in drinking water. The maximum colony counts of selected pure cultures of bacteria grown in drinking water were used as a measure for the concentration of easily assimilable organic carbon compounds (AOC). Three strains of bacteria isolated from drinking water were selected for AOC determinations: (1) Pseudomonas fluorescens strain P17, an organism with a very great nutritional versatility, for general use; (2) a Flavobacterium sp. strain S12, to determine the concentration of maltose and starch-like compounds, and (3) a Spirillum sp. strain NOX to determine the concentration of carboxylic acids. Including oxalic acid. The properties of these bacteria were extensively studied in batch-culture experiments with drinking water supplemented with very low amounts of selected organic compounds. The obtained results prove that growth and growth kinetics of bacteria at concentrations between 1 and 1000 micro-g of C per liter can be determined in simple experiments using simple equipment. The strains mentioned above were well adapted to growth at concentrations of a few micrograms of substrate C per liter; their substrate saturation constants (K s ) were below 1 micro-M for many compounds tested. K s values below 0.1 micro-M were also obtained. Growth measurements with strain P17 in water sampled from various treatment stages revealed that the AOC concentrations in these water types usually varied between 10 and 100 micro-g of acetate C equivalents per liter. Ozonation caused a strong increase of the AOC concentration. Strain NOX was better suited for the determination of the AOC concentration in ozonated water because of its ability to utilize oxalate. Filtration processes caused significant reductions of the AOC concentrations, at low AOC concentrations (
Download or read book Management of Legionella in Water Systems written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-02-20 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Legionnaires' disease, a pneumonia caused by the Legionella bacterium, is the leading cause of reported waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Legionella occur naturally in water from many different environmental sources, but grow rapidly in the warm, stagnant conditions that can be found in engineered water systems such as cooling towers, building plumbing, and hot tubs. Humans are primarily exposed to Legionella through inhalation of contaminated aerosols into the respiratory system. Legionnaires' disease can be fatal, with between 3 and 33 percent of Legionella infections leading to death, and studies show the incidence of Legionnaires' disease in the United States increased five-fold from 2000 to 2017. Management of Legionella in Water Systems reviews the state of science on Legionella contamination of water systems, specifically the ecology and diagnosis. This report explores the process of transmission via water systems, quantification, prevention and control, and policy and training issues that affect the incidence of Legionnaires' disease. It also analyzes existing knowledge gaps and recommends research priorities moving forward.
Download or read book Bacterial Growth on Surfaces as a Method for Assessment of Biological Stability of Drinking Water written by Domingo Jolis Olive and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbiology in Civil Engineering written by P. Howsam and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights those areas of civil engineering where microbiological activities can have a significant impact during design, construction and operation phases of projects.
Download or read book Polymetallic Coatings to Control Biofouling in Pipelines written by Vinita Vishwakarma and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-09-13 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the pipelines used for the transport of various fluids are susceptible to the formation of biofilms, and the undesirable accumulation of microorganisms in pipelines leads to biodeterioration and increases the maintenance cost of the pipelines. This book focuses on nanostructured polymetallic coatings for corrosion and biofouling protection in offshore oil and gas pipelines, marine pipelines, ship structures and port facilities, and corrosion resistance surfaces of several engineered structures. Considering various reasons of biofouling in pipelines that transport crude and refined petroleum, gas, biofuels, and other fluids including sewage, slurry, and water for drinking or irrigation, the underlying mechanism is thoroughly explained. A comparison of various protective techniques is also highlighted for the choice of methods for specific applications. Features: Provides information on biofouling control with broad significance and applicability in various industrial and research areas. Discusses microbially induced corrosion on biofuel transporting pipelines. Includes data from experiments conducted to overcome biofouling and biocorrosion. Gives out particular attention to metallic coatings and environmental considerations. Explores novel technologies preventing biofouling on metallic and polymeric substrates. This book is for researchers and graduate students in Coatings and Paints, Microbiology, Bioprocess Engineering, Biotechnology, Industrial Engineering, Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, Marine Engineering, Surface and Corrosion Engineering, and Water and Wastewater Treatment.
Download or read book Removal of Pollutants from Saline Water written by Shaik Feroz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-12-23 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Removal of Pollutants from Saline Water: Treatment Technologies provides a comprehensive understanding of technologies that are currently adopted in the treatment of pollutants present in saline water systems. It provides information on the treatment technologies for saline water systems, including seawater, brackish water, oil-produced water, and other industrial saline wastewaters. FEATURES Presents information exclusively for saline water pollutant removal Introduces current treatment technologies and addresses why and how the techniques differ between fresh and salt water Offers an inclusive overview of physicochemical, biological, membrane, and advanced oxidation treatment technologies Features various perspectives and case studies from relevant global experts Provides a comprehensive one-stop source for the treatment of pollutants in all saline water systems Aimed at students, academicians, researchers, and practicing engineers in the fields of chemical, civil, marine, and environmental engineering who wish to be acquainted with the most recent developments in the treatment of pollutants present in saline water systems. Prof. Dr. Shaik Feroz works at Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. He has 30 years of experience in teaching, research, and industry. He has more than 190 publications to his credit in journals and conferences of international repute. He was awarded "Best Researcher" by Caledonian College of Engineering for the year 2014. Prof. Dr. Detlef W. Bahnemann is Head of the Research Unit, Photocatalysis and Nanotechnology at Leibniz University Hannover (Germany), Director of the Research Institute "Nanocomposite Materials for Photonic Applications" at Saint Petersburg State University (Russian Federation), and Distinguished Professor at Shaanxi University of Science and Technology in Xi’an (People's Republic of China). His research topics include photocatalysis, photoelectrochemistry, solar chemistry, and photochemistry focused on synthesis and physical-chemical properties of semiconductor and metal nanoparticles. His 500-plus publications have been cited more than 65,000 times (h-index: 100).
Download or read book The Impact of Assimilable Organic Carbon on Biological Fouling of Reverse Osmosis Membranes in Seawater Desalination written by Lauren A. Weinrich and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological fouling is neither well understood nor consistently prevented and continues to be a challenging problem in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination. Biofouling occurs from bacterial proliferation and leads to operations and water quality challenges. Despite use of biocides (i.e., disinfectants) to control microbial growth, biofouling has not been well-managed in the seawater desalination industry. This project used a biological assay, the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) test to evaluate pretreatment effects on the nutrient supply. The AOC test provided a useful surrogate measurement for the biodegradability or biofouling potential of RO feed water. Biofouling observed in full scale and in controlled conditions at the bench- and pilot-scale resulted in correlations between AOC and operational effects, such as increased differential pressure and decreased permeate flux through the membrane. Increased differential pressure was associated with RO membrane biological fouling when the median AOC was 50 (mu)g/L during pilot testing. In a comparison test using 30 and 1000 (mu)g/L AOC, fouling was detected on more portions of the membrane when AOC was higher. Biofilm and bacterial deposits were apparent from scanning electron microscope imaging and biomass measurements using ATP. Chemicals used in seawater RO plants such as antiscaling, cleaning, and dechlorinating agents increased AOC, and therefore the biodegradability of the seawater. AOC was also a byproduct of reactions with commonly used disinfectants, such as chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ozone. AOC was increased by 70% in seawater with 1 mg/L humic acid and a chlorine dose of 0.5 mg/L Cl2. Increases in biodegradability and AOC were often not mirrored by a the total organic carbon (TOC) measurement; TOC varied less than 3%. TOC is not an informative tool for the plant operators to predict biofouling potential, which is problematic because it is often the only organic carbon parameter used in SWRO monitoring. Polyphosphonates and polymer-based antiscalants increased AOC less than 30 (mu)g/L; however, phosphate-based antiscalants increased AOC levels nearly 100 (mu)g/L. Depending on the active chemical or inherent impurities, antiscalants may increase biofouling potential of the RO feed despite the targeted application for controlling inorganic fouling. Better operational practices such as removing the chlorine residual prior to dosing the antiscalant would alleviate the adverse effect of AOC byproduct production. TOC removal efficiency is typically very poor and the pretreatment impacts on AOC levels should be controlled in SWRO plants that experience biological fouling problems on the RO membranes. Besides creating more effective organic carbon removal, minor pretreatment configurations and monitoring programs in the plants are recommended to help control AOC levels in the RO feed.
Download or read book Rapid Food Analysis and Hygiene Monitoring written by Pierre-Jean Raugel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 935 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PROF. DR. ELKE ANKlAM Food control is essential for consumer protection. Due to the fact that agricul ture and food technology have increased rapidly in the past the analytical prob lems concerning food have become more complex. The consumer expects com petitively priced food of consistently high quality. The main consumer concerns are food safety and food quality including authenticity proof. Many national or international official, validated, reference or routine methods are existing. Food be performed rapidly especially in the fields of microbiological control has to contamination and customs control. This handbook describes many kits, instruments and systems used for quality control of food. The tools listed are not only restricted to validated analytical methods but are also foreseen for routine and screening methods. In addition, an address list of manufacturers, distributors and sales agencies is given to gether with a list and information concerning selected expert laboratories. In this edition, emphasis is put on validation procedures of three organizations (AOAC, AFNOR and Microval). The purpose of this book is to facilitate the purchase and use of kits needed for food analysis and is therefore an important help for food analysts.
Download or read book Factors Limiting Microbial Growth in Distribution Systems written by Anne K. Camper and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Heterotrophic Plate Counts and Drinking water Safety written by Bartram J. and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2003-11-06 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text prepared by an international group of experts addresses the 'heterotrophic plate count' test which is widely used in drinking-water assessment: what it detects (and what it does not detect) its direct and indirect health significance and its use in the safety management of drinking water supplies. It includes the consensus statement from an expert review meeting and takes account of the presentations and posters at an international conference on the theme co-sponsored by WHO and NSF-International. It provides valuable information on the utility and the limitations of HPC data in the management and operation of piped water systems as well as other means of providing drinking water to the public. It is of particular value to piped public water suppliers and bottled water suppliers manufacturers and users of water treatment and transmission equipment and inline treatment devices water engineers sanitary and clinical microbiologists and national and local public health officials and regulators of drinking water quality. ...The book will be of great value to the piped public water suppliers bottled water suppliers manufacturers users of water treatment and transmission equipment and online treatment device makers water supply engineers sanitary engineers clinical and water microbiologists national and local public health officials and regulators of drinking-water quality. - Indian Journal of Medical Research
Download or read book Impact of Distribution System Water Quality on Disinfection Efficacy written by Hé́lène Baribeau and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2005 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assesses the impact of dynamic water quality conditions in the distribution system on the inactivation of microorganisms in bulk water. Addresses questions about the usefulness of maintaining a secondary residual and the target level to be maintained. Bridges research related to distribution system water quality with that of microbial inactivation.
