Download or read book Asset Pricing in Markets with Illiquid Assets written by Francis A. Longstaff and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many important classes of assets are illiquid in the sense that they cannot always be traded immediately. Thus, a portfolio position in these types of illiquid investments becomes at least temporarily irreversible. We study the asset-pricing implications of illiquidity in a two-asset exchange economy with heterogeneous agents. In this market, one asset is always liquid. The other asset can be traded initially, but then not again until after a quot;blackoutquot; period. Illiquidity has a dramatic effect on optimal portfolio decisions. Agents abandon diversification as a strategy and choose highly polarized portfolios instead. The value of liquidity can represent a large portion of the equilibrium price of an asset. We present examples in which a liquid asset can be worth up to 25 percent more than an illiquid asset even though both have identical cash flow dynamics. We also show that the expected return and volatility of an asset can change significantly as the asset becomes relatively more liquid.
Download or read book Market Liquidity written by Yakov Amihud and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the effect of liquidity on asset prices, liquidity variations over time and how liquidity risk affects prices.
Download or read book Pricing Illiquid Assets written by John Robert Krainer and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investment Decisions on Illiquid Assets written by Jaroslaw Morawski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-14 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jaroslaw Morawski offers a practicable and theoretically well-founded solution to the problems encountered when investing in illiquid assets and develops a model of the liquidation process for this category of investments. The result is a coherent investment decision framework designed specifically for private real estate but applicable also to other illiquid assets.
Download or read book Financial Claustrophobia written by Francis A. Longstaff and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many examples of markets where an agent who wants to get out of an investment position quickly may find himself trapped and forced to remain in that position because of a lack of liquidity. What are the asset-pricing implications when agents cannot always buy and sell assets immediately? We study this issue in a multi-asset exchange economy with heterogeneous agents. In this model, agents can trade initially, but then cannot trade again until after a trading blackout' period. The more liquid the market, the sooner agents can trade again. Faced with illiquidity, agents abandon diversification and choose highly polarized portfolios. Risky assets are held primarily by the less-patient short-horizon agents in the economy. Polarization causes the usual risk-return tradeo. to break down and an asset's price may have more to do with the demographics of who owns it than with the riskiness of its cash flows. Risky assets are generally more valuable in an illiquid market than in a liquid market. Market illiquidity can also have large effects on the equity premium.
Download or read book Liquidity and Asset Prices written by Yakov Amihud and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2006 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquidity and Asset Prices reviews the literature that studies the relationship between liquidity and asset prices. The authors review the theoretical literature that predicts how liquidity affects a security's required return and discuss the empirical connection between the two. Liquidity and Asset Prices surveys the theory of liquidity-based asset pricing followed by the empirical evidence. The theory section proceeds from basic models with exogenous holding periods to those that incorporate additional elements of risk and endogenous holding periods. The empirical section reviews the evidence on the liquidity premium for stocks, bonds, and other financial assets.
Download or read book Where Experience Matters written by Adrian Buss and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alternative assets, such as private equity, hedge funds, and real assets, are illiquid and opaque, and thus pose a challenge to traditional models of asset allocation. In this paper, we study asset allocation and asset pricing in a general-equilibrium model with liquid assets and an alternative risky asset, which is opaque and incurs transaction costs, and investors who differ in their experience in assessing the alternative asset. We find that the optimal asset-allocation strategy of the relatively inexperienced investors is to initially tilt their portfolio away from the alternative asset and to hold more of it with experience. Counterintuitively, a decrease in the transaction cost for the alternative asset increases the portfolio tilt at the initial date, and hence, the liquidity discount. Transaction costs may induce inexperienced investors to hold a majority of the illiquid asset at later dates, even if they are pessimistic about future payoffs, and produce a sizable liquidity discount. During periods when the alternative asset is illiquid, investors trade the liquid equity index instead, leading to strong spillover effects.
Download or read book Equilibrium Asset Pricing with Both Liquid and Illiquid Markets written by Remy Praz and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I study a general equilibrium model in which investors face endowment risk and trade two correlated assets; one asset is traded on a liquid market whereas the other is traded on an illiquid over-the-counter (OTC) market. Endowment shocks not only make prices drop, they also make the OTC asset more difficult to sell, creating an endogenous liquidity risk. This liquidity risk increases the risk premium of both the OTC asset and liquid asset. Furthermore, the OTC market frictions increase the trading volume and the cross-sectional dispersion of ownership in the liquid market. Finally, if the economy starts with only the OTC market, then I explain how opening a correlated liquid market can increase or decrease the OTC price depending on the illiquidity level. The model's predictions can help explain several empirical findings.
Download or read book The Pricing of Illiquidity and Illiquid Assets written by Patrick Frederik Albert Tuijp and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Asset Pricing and Optimal Portfolio Choice in the Presence of Illiquid Durable Consumption Goods written by Sanford J. Grossman and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze a model of optimal consumption and portfolio selection in which consumption services are generated by holding a durable good. The durable good is illiquid in that a transaction cost must be paid when the good is sold. It is shown that optimal consumption is not a smooth function of wealth; it is optimal for the consumer to wait until a large change in wealth occurs before adjusting his consumption. As a consequence, the consumption based capital asset pricing model fails to hold. Nevertheless, it is shown that the standard, one factor, market portfolio based capital asset pricing model does hold in this environment. It is shown that the optimal durable level is characterized by three numbers (not random variables), say x, y, and z (where x
Download or read book Liquidity and Asset Prices written by Hilal Anwar Butt and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a simplified single period asset-pricing model that adjusts for illiquidity and tests for the Finnish stock market. The empirical testing for a small yet developed market is motivated by the increased relevance of the illiquidity effect for illiquid assets/markets vastly reported in the literature. Our results support our hypothesis. The results show that expected returns on illiquidity portfolios are cross-sectionally linked with lliquidity risks more so than the market risk, whereas the comparable U.S. evidence reports otherwise. The illiquidity premium maintains its persistence even if we exclude illiquidity prone periods from the sample, although it generates a lower share of the total model risk premium than the full period. The remaining evidence highlights variations in the types of illiquidity risks depending upon proxy measure used, time variations in illiquidity premia, and the superior performance of liquidity-adjusted model compared to the simple CAPM to explain variations in returns across assets and periods.
Download or read book Returns on Illiquid Assets written by John Krainer and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Paradox of Asset Pricing written by Peter Bossaerts and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2005-01-17 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asset pricing theory abounds with elegant mathematical models. The logic is so compelling that the models are widely used in policy, from banking, investments, and corporate finance to government. To what extent, however, can these models predict what actually happens in financial markets? In The Paradox of Asset Pricing, a leading financial researcher argues forcefully that the empirical record is weak at best. Peter Bossaerts undertakes the most thorough, technically sound investigation in many years into the scientific character of the pricing of financial assets. He probes this conundrum by modeling a decidedly volatile phenomenon that, he says, the world of finance has forgotten in its enthusiasm for the efficient markets hypothesis--speculation. Bossaerts writes that the existing empirical evidence may be tainted by the assumptions needed to make sense of historical field data or by reanalysis of the same data. To address the first problem, he demonstrates that one central assumption--that markets are efficient processors of information, that risk is a knowable quantity, and so on--can be relaxed substantially while retaining core elements of the existing methodology. The new approach brings novel insights to old data. As for the second problem, he proposes that asset pricing theory be studied through experiments in which subjects trade purposely designed assets for real money. This book will be welcomed by finance scholars and all those math--and statistics-minded readers interested in knowing whether there is science beyond the mathematics of finance. This book provided the foundation for subsequent journal articles that won two prestigious awards: the 2003 Journal of Financial Markets Best Paper Award and the 2004 Goldman Sachs Asset Management Best Research Paper for the Review of Finance.
Download or read book Asset Prices and Asset Correlations in Illiquid Markets written by Celso Brunetti and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We build a new asset pricing framework to study the effects of aggregate illiquidity on asset prices, volatilities and correlations. The Black-Scholes economy is obtained in our framework as the limiting case of perfectly liquid markets. The model is consistent with empirical studies on the effects of illiquidity on asset returns, volatilities and correlations. We present the model, study its qualitative properties and estimate the stocks' sensitivities to aggregate liquidity (betas) using nine years data for 24 randomly sampled stocks traded on the NYSE. These sensitivity parameters (betas) determine the effect that aggregate illiquidity has on expected returns, volatilities, correlations, CAPM-betas and Sharpe ratios. We find clear capitalization and sector patterns for the liquidity betas.
Download or read book Asset Pricing and Optimal Portfolio Choice in the Presence of Illiquid Durable Consumption Goods written by Sanford J. Grossman and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze a model of optimal consumption and portfolio selection in which consumption services are generated by holding a durable good. The durable good is illiquid in that a transaction cost must be paid when the good is sold. It is shown that optimal consumption is not a smooth function of wealth; it is optimal for the consumer to wait until a large change in wealth occurs before adjusting his consumption. As a consequence, the consumption based capital asset pricing model fails to hold. Nevertheless, it is shown that the standard, one factor, market portfolio based capital asset pricing model does hold in this environment. It is shown that the optimal durable level is characterized by three numbers (not random variables), say x, y, and z (where x lt; y lt; z). The consumer views the ratio of consumption to wealth (c/W) as his state variable. If this ratio is between x and z, then he does not sell the durable. If c/W is less than x or greater than z, then he sells his durable and buys a new durable of size S so that S/W = y. Thus y is his quot;targetquot; level of c/W. If the stock market moves up enough so that c/W falls below x, then he sells his small durable to buy a larger durable. However, there will be many changes in the value of his wealth for which c/W stays between x and z, and thus consumption does not change. Numerical simulations show that small transactions costs can make consumption changes occur very infrequently. Further, the effect of transactions costs on the demand for risky assets is substantial.
Download or read book Asset Pricing in Discrete Time written by Ser-Huang Poon and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2005-01-13 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relying on the existence, in a complete market, of a pricing kernel, this book covers the pricing of assets, derivatives, and bonds in a discrete time, complete markets framework. It is primarily aimed at advanced Masters and PhD students in finance. — Covers asset pricing in a single period model, deriving a simple complete market pricing model and using Stein's lemma to derive a version of the Capital Asset Pricing Model. — Looks more deeply into some of the utility determinants of the pricing kernel, investigating in particular the effect of non-marketable background risks on the shape of the pricing kernel. — Derives the prices of European-style contingent claims, in particular call options, in a one-period model; derives the Black-Scholes model assuming a lognormal distribution for the asset and a pricing kernel with constant elasticity, and emphasizes the idea of a risk-neutral valuation relationship between the price of a contingent claim on an asset and the underlying asset price. — Extends the analysis to contingent claims on assets with non-lognormal distributions and considers the pricing of claims when risk-neutral valuation relationships do not exist. — Expands the treatment of asset pricing to a multi-period economy, deriving prices in a rational expectations equilibrium. — Uses the rational expectations framework to analyse the pricing of forward and futures contracts on assets and derivatives. — Analyses the pricing of bonds given stochastic interest rates, and then uses this methodology to model the drift of forward rates, and as a special case the drift of the forward London Interbank Offer Rate in the LIBOR Market Model.
Download or read book Illiquidity and Portfolio Risk of Thinly Traded Assets written by Ping Cheng and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thinly-traded assets exhibit illiquidity and do not fit in the efficient market paradigm. Direct application of classical finance theories to illiquid assets simply ignores the illiquidity risk of thinly-traded assets. Using commercial real estate as a testing ground, this paper develops a new, closed-form ex ante risk metric that converts illiquidity risk and integrates it with real estate price risk. Such integration provides a formal and easy-to-use analytical tool for illiquid asset pricing and enables apples-to-apples comparison between the performances of real estate and financial assets. Using real estate data, we show that the conventional risk metric significantly underestimates the true real estate risk and our finding helps to explain the apparent “risk premium puzzle” in real estate.
