Download or read book Assessment of the Emissions and Energy Impacts of Biomass and Biogas Use in California written by Marc Carreras-Sospedra and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Impact Assessment from Biomass and Biogas Derived Transportation Fuels and Electricity and Heat Generation written by Scott Samuelson and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biomass Management Zones and New Pathways to Bioenergy written by Stephen Kaffka and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Long term Greenhouse Gas Emissions Mitigation in California and the Associated Regional Air Quality and Public Health Impacts written by Tianyang Wang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation we investigate the roadmap for California to achieve deep greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions by 2050 and the resulting regional air quality and public health impacts, form the strategy feasibility and selections that achieves different levels of ambitious climate target, to the benefits and trade-offs of different technology pathways with respect to air quality and public health consequences, as well as the relative contributions of emissions from different origins to regional air quality and public health. We first develop a roadmap for California to achieve net-zero GHG emissions in 2050 using detailed modeling of energy system transformation, cross-sectorial connectivity, and technology applicability. GHG mitigation strategies also reduce co-emitted criteria pollutants in California. By utilizing the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) and the Environmental Benefit Mapping and Analysis Program (BenMAP), we find that achieving net-zero GHG emissions can reduce 14,066 (95% Confidence Interval: 10,855 - 17,226) air pollution-related mortality in 2050, 35% of which are in disadvantaged communities. The monetized health co-benefit can offset most of the GHG abatement costs (i.e., 26 -116 billion dollars). These co-benefits are mainly contributed by ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration reductions, while ambient ozone (O3) concentration in California is not likely to drop when local emissions reduce. The net-zero target also requires bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration (BECCS) technology to offset some GHG emissions. BECCS technology, whereas supporting the net-zero target, would emit air pollutants through biomass combustion and reduce health co-benefits by 3 billion dollars, suggesting a potential trade-off between climate benefits and health co-benefits of ambitious climate policies. We then analyze the air quality and health impacts of different GHG mitigation pathways. By adopting an integrated approach that combines energy and emission technology modeling, high-resolution chemical transport simulation, and health impact assessment, we find that achievement of the 80% GHG reduction target would always bring substantial air quality and health co-benefits. But more importantly, the level of co-benefits are highly related to the selected technology pathway largely because of California's relatively clean energy structure. Compared with the business-as-usual levels, a decarbonization pathway that focuses on electrification and clean renewable energy is estimated to reduce concentrations of PM2.5 by 18-37% in four major metropolitan areas of California and subsequently avoid 10,196 (95% CI: 8,169-12,202) premature deaths. In contrast, a pathway focusing more on combustible renewable fuels only results in a quarter of such air quality and health benefits. Similar to what we found before, both GHG mitigation pathways may not reduce ambient O3 concentrations in California. Our findings could also assist the development of optimized technology pathway to simultaneously reduce GHG emissions and improve human health in California. Lastly, we conduct a detailed analysis to understand the relative contributions of local and non-local emission sources to ambient PM2.5 and O3 and evaluate the mortality burden in California associated with these two pollutants. We attribute the ambient PM2.5 and O3 concentrations in California to four emission groups: (1) California in-state anthropogenic emissions; (2) anthropogenic emissions from the western United States, excluding California; (3) natural emissions from the western United States; and (4) all emissions from outside of the western United States. Our health impact analyses find that PM2.5 and O3 are associated with 27,445 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 19,277 - 35,885] and 13,822 (95% CI: 6,106-23,659) mortalities in California in 2012, respectively. Our estimates of O3-assocoated mortality are much higher than previously reported, mainly because we estimate 6,354 (95% CI 2,224 - 10,268) O3-associated cardiovascular mortality based on new epidemiological evidence. Approximately 67% of PM2.5-associated mortality in California is attributable to PM2.5 from in-state anthropogenic emissions. In contrast, 75% of the ambient O3 in California is contributed by distant emissions outside western United States, leading to 92% of O3-associated mortality, while in-state emissions were found to contribute to a much lesser extent to O3-associated mortality [i.e., 771 (95% CI 389-1,146) in ozone season]. The different patterns of PM2.5 and O3 we found also help explain our previous findings that GHG mitigation efforts in California mainly reduce local PM2.5 pollution.
Download or read book Annual Report written by California Energy Commission. Public Interest Energy Research and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Assessment of California s Building Energy Regulatory Process and the Marginal Abatement Costs and Greenhouse Gas Reduction Benefits of California Building Energy Standards written by Benjamin William White and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research investigates the benefits and costs of California's building energy regulations and provides an analysis of the regulatory process that prompted the adoption and subsequent abandonment of a mandate for Zero Net Energy (ZNE) residential buildings in the state. Specifically examined are the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions characteristics associated with homes designed using California's definition for ZNE, and homes designed using the states more recently adopted goal of grid compatibility. The work quantifies the GHG emissions of various mixed-fuel and all-electric home designs and compares those results with the emissions characteristics of homes designed under a prior version of the state's building energy regulations (Title 24, Part 6). This research takes a novel approach to estimating residential sector GHG emissions by incorporating three different rates of pre-meter natural gas leaks into the calculations. The results isolate the contribution that these leaks make to building-sector emissions and emphasize the need for regulators and researchers to fully account for the full range of impacts associated with natural gas use. Also quantified are the marginal abatement costs for homes designed under California's adopted 2019 T24 standards versus homes designed under the prior code version. The results indicate that fuel type, and not the attainment of a specific energy measurement metric like ZNE is the primary determining factor for GHG emissions in the housing sector, and that all-electric homes deliver superior GHG reduction benefits at lower cost than mixed-fuel houses. We find that the marginal cost of abatement for housing types varies considerably, with all-electric homes offering the potential for carbon abatement at significantly lower cost than mixed-fuel houses and at a price that is currently lower than California's auction price for carbon emissions. These results indicate that all-electric housing can be a valid approach to GHG emission reduction from the perspective of regulators, homebuyers, and building industry stakeholders. In addition to quantifying the costs and benefits of California's building energy standards, the process that the state undertook in pursuit of the adoption of a ZNE mandate is explored using the Multiple Streams Framework (MSF). This analysis explores the role of ambiguity in policy goal setting and highlights the effects that can occur when policy feedback creates unintended consequences. The results reinforce the concept that the adoption of ambitious policy goals is benefitted by a high level of ambiguity, but that policy goals may need to change as ambiguity recedes. This case study of the California regulatory process for building energy standards provides demonstrable and useful examples for any government or private entity seeking to implement ambitious, long-term change.
Download or read book Bioenergy Action Plan for California written by Bioenergy Interagency Working Group (Calif.) and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thermochemical Processing of Biomass written by Robert C. Brown and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-05-28 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive examination of the large number of possible pathways for converting biomass into fuels and power through thermochemical processes Bringing together a widely scattered body of information into a single volume, this book provides complete coverage of the many ways that thermochemical processes are used to transform biomass into fuels, chemicals and power. Fully revised and updated, this new edition highlights the substantial progress and recent developments that have been made in this rapidly growing field since publication of the first edition and incorporates up-to-date information in each chapter. Thermochemical Processing of Biomass: Conversion into Fuels, Chemicals and Power, 2nd Edition incorporates two new chapters covering: condensed phased reactions of thermal deconstruction of biomass and life cycle analysis of thermochemical processing systems. It offers a new introductory chapter that provides a more comprehensive overview of thermochemical technologies. The book also features fresh perspectives from new authors covering such evolving areas as solvent liquefaction and hybrid processing. Other chapters cover combustion, gasification, fast pyrolysis, upgrading of syngas and bio-oil to liquid transportation fuels, and the economics of thermochemically producing fuels and power, and more. Features contributions by a distinguished group of European and American researchers offering a broad and unified description of thermochemical processing options for biomass Combines an overview of the current status of thermochemical biomass conversion as well as engineering aspects to appeal to the broadest audience Edited by one of Biofuels Digest’s "Top 100 People" in bioenergy for six consecutive years Thermochemical Processing of Biomass: Conversion into Fuels, Chemicals and Power, 2nd Edition will appeal to all academic researchers, process chemists, and engineers working in the field of biomass conversion to fuels and chemicals. It is also an excellent book for graduate and advanced undergraduate students studying biomass, biofuels, renewable resources, and energy and power generation.
Download or read book Renewable Energy Resource Technology and Economic Assessments written by Brian Jenkins and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recommendations for a Bioenergy Plan for California written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book California s Carbon Challenge Phase II written by Max Wei and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Public Health Research Roadmap on Emerging Electricity Systems written by Laura Buckley (MPH) and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scenarios of California s Industrial Sector written by Pu Chen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document reviews the energy use and technology of the industrial sector in California and methodology for making energy use projections to 2050. The industrial sector in California consumes 25% of the state's total energy use and roughly the same portion of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Most studies examining California's industrial sector and future energy use and GHG emissions are conducted in highly aggregated fashion based historical trends and assumptions about improvements at the sectorial level. None have conducted comprehensive bottom-up assessment examining technological change for each subsector and energy services. The first section describes the purpose of this study, gives an overview of California's industrial energy profile including energy use, major fuel types, and different industrial subsectors in energy modeling system. The section also discusses historical GHG emissions from the industrial sector. Section II examines California's manufacturing energy use, focusing on electric and natural gas energy intensity of manufacturing subsectors by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) group, and then estimates electricity and natural gas consumption by subsector and end-use services using various methods. The third section describes the energy structure of California's non-manufacturing industries-- oil & gas extraction and combined heat and power (CHP). The study examines the distributions of CHPs in terms of capacity and number of sites in California and the potentials. Industrial end use technologies are examined in Section IV, including detailed description regarding their fuel use and efficiency across all industrial subsectors. This study uses a bottom-up approach to project the structure of the California's energy system efficiencies, costs, service demand growth, energy consumption, and GHG emissions to 2050. The projections are made based on a 2005 base year energy calibration and industrial output forecast taking into account technological change. Scenario analysis is conducted to evaluate the impact of various technology adoption and industrial structure changes on future energy use and GHG emissions. This study demonstrates that all the measures discussed in this study including development of technology efficiency, adoption of best available technology and industrial output reduction could reduce California's industrial GHG emissions at some levels, but none of them alone would make a substantial reduction, beyond 32%. Therefore, the industry needs an integrated strategy framework incorporating all feasible solutions, entailing both technology and economic output, in order to achieve the state's GHG emissions reduction target. This study explores the possible options for California industrial GHG reduction without taking economic factors into consideration. Future work will try to discover the most cost-effective climate strategies to meet the state's carbon mitigation target.
Download or read book Program Negative Declaration for the Biomass Conversion Demonstration Program written by Envirosphere Company and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Natural Gas Variability in California Environmental Impacts and Device Performance Experimental Evaluation of Pollutant Emissions from Residential Appliances written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Assessment of Biomass Resources in California 2007 2010 and 2020 written by Robert B. Williams (Engineer) and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation written by Ottmar Edenhofer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-11-21 with total page 1088 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report (IPCC-SRREN) assesses the potential role of renewable energy in the mitigation of climate change. It covers the six most important renewable energy sources - bioenergy, solar, geothermal, hydropower, ocean and wind energy - as well as their integration into present and future energy systems. It considers the environmental and social consequences associated with the deployment of these technologies, and presents strategies to overcome technical as well as non-technical obstacles to their application and diffusion. SRREN brings a broad spectrum of technology-specific experts together with scientists studying energy systems as a whole. Prepared following strict IPCC procedures, it presents an impartial assessment of the current state of knowledge: it is policy relevant but not policy prescriptive. SRREN is an invaluable assessment of the potential role of renewable energy for the mitigation of climate change for policymakers, the private sector, and academic researchers.
