Download or read book ASSESSMENT OF MAJOR FACTORS AFFECTING TRIPLOID INDUCTION USING HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE AND GROWTH ASSESSMENT OF TRIPLOID EASTERN OYSTERS CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA WITHIN THE BRAS D OR LAKE written by Ian Sewell and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Triploid oysters can be created through chemical or pressure treatments that induce a diploid embryo to become a triploid by blocking the expulsion of a polar body during development. Triploid oysters are desirable because they are sterile, faster growing, and have more energy to fight pathogens. Little is known about triploid induction in the Eastern oyster using hydrostatic pressure. The focus of these experiments were to evaluate different variables to elucidate their impact on triploid induction and assess the growth of triploid Eastern oysters grown in Canadian waters. The first objective of this study was to determine the most efficient pressure intensity and duration treatments that would yield the highest triploidy induction rates in the Eastern oyster. The second objective was to compare the growth of triploid vs diploid oysters in field conditions in the Bras d'Or lake, Nova Scotia.

Download or read book Induction of Triploidy in Unconditioned Eastern Oysters Crassostrea Virginica Using Nitrous Oxide Under Increased Pressure written by James William Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Relationship Between Reproduction and Mortality in Triploid Crassostrea Virginica written by Joseph L. Matt and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unusual mortalities of cultured Crassostrea virginica in late spring have been reported from farms in the Chesapeake Bay from 2014 to 2017. None of the usual causes (e.g. disease, poor husbandry) were likely responsible, and mortalities occurred without clear signs of biological or physical stressors. Mortalities in the spring of 2014 were particularly high on over a dozen farms in Virginia, most of which were on the bayside of the Eastern Shore. Estimated losses were over 50%; however, mortalities only occurred within a four-week period between mid-May and early June. Farmers that had unusually high mortality in their crop were exclusively growing triploid oysters, which implicated triploidy as an important factor and even led to calling these events "triploid mortality." Many affected farmers were also growing a "northern cross," oysters made by crossing brood stock from New England to brood stock from Virginia, and relatively high fecundity was found in some triploid oysters sampled from these farms. It was hypothesized that the genetic contribution from the New England parent of the northern cross was causing aberrant gametogenesis in triploid oysters during the late spring, and that this caused triploid mortality. A controlled field test was conducted to evaluate this hypothesis and to further examine the role of genetics and gametogenesis in triploid mortality. to investigate the effect that ploidy and brood stock origin have on susceptibility to triploid mortality, four triploid and four diploid types of oysters, produced by crossing different combinations of brood stock of Virginia, Louisiana, and Maine origin, were deployed to three commercial oyster farms that experienced unusually high mortality in 2014, as well as to a control site lacking reports of unusual spring mortality. The survival and growth of oysters from each group were measured throughout the spring and summer of 2016. A mortality event (>20% mortality) was observed in late spring at one site. The mortality event was only associated with triploid groups, with cumulative mortality ranging from 12 to 24% among groups. Mortality in the "northern cross" was not especially high (23%). The effect that gametogenesis had on the mortalities was investigated by examining histological cross sections of triploid and diploid oysters from the site where triploid mortality occurred, as well as from the control site where there was no triploid mortality. Diploid oysters at the affected site became gravid and spawned earlier than diploid oysters at the control site. Gonad development in triploid oysters was abnormal and variable, so categories were developed for classifying gonad development in triploid oysters and making comparisons between sites. No obvious difference was observed in gonad development between triploid oysters at the two sites. Cross-sections from male triploids did not typically contain any spermatozoa, and cross sections from females usually contained only a few oocytes. Gonad development may not be strongly associated with triploid mortality, but the physiology associated with abnormal gametogenesis in triploid oysters could be a major contributing factor. More work is needed on the physiological consequences of gametogenesis in triploid oysters to explain triploid mortality.

Download or read book Induction of Triploidy in the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea Gigas Using Cytochalasin B and Hydrostatic Pressure written by Sandra Leigh Downing and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reproduction in Female Diploid and Triploid Eastern Oysters Crassostrea Virginica written by Esther Faith Young and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Comparison of Heat and Hydrostatic Pressure Shocks to Induce Triploidy in Steelhead Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss written by C. Guoxiong and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Retarded Gametogenesis in Triploid American Oysters Crassostrea Virginica written by Mary M. Lee and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Studies of the Relationship of RNA DNA Ratios and the Rate of Protein Synthesis to Growth in the Oyster Crassostrea Virginica written by Alan K. Pease and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Improvements in Triploid Crassostrea Virginica Production written by Brian R. Callam and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Investigation Into the Phenotypic Consequences of Triploidy and Aneuployd in Two Cupped Oyster Species Crassostrea Virginica and Crassostrea Gigas written by Brenda J. Landau and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ocean Acidification Influences on Physiology and Epigenetics in the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea Gigas written by Yaamini Ranjani Venkataraman and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As ocean acidification continues to impact marine ecosystems at unprecedented rates, phenotypicplasticity may allow organisms to withstand more stressful conditions. Genomic methods can elucidate molecular mechanisms that contribute to phenotypic plasticity, allowing for a deeper understanding of how physiological processes will be impacted by low pH. My dissertation examines the effects of ocean acidification on the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) stress response and reproduction; elucidate how exposure history impacts phenotype; and explore the role of functional role DNA methylation in somatic and reproductive tissue. I investigated the effect of regional environmental variation on the molecular physiology of C. gigas outplanted at five different estuarine sites (four in Puget Sound, one in Willapa Bay) in Washington, USA using gel-free proteomic methods. While there was no difference in survival, or any protein abundances due to pH differences between sites, C. gigas outplanted at the site with the highest temperature had significantly higher abundances of antioxidant enzymes and molecular chaperones, elucidating the molecular underpinnings of thermotolerance. In a hatchery setting, I explored the impact of ocean acidification on reproductive maturity and output. A seven week low pH exposure did not affect sex ratio or maturation stage; however, it did significantly affect survival of larvae. Even though adult oysters spent four months in ambient pH conditions between low pH exposure and strip spawning, larvae from females that experienced low pH conditions had significantly higher mortality. Finally, I conducted the first investigations examining the effect of ocean acidification in C. gigas methylomes. To investigate the role of environmentally-responsive methylation in reproductive tissue, I analyzed gonad methylomes of female C. gigas exposed to low pH. A total of 1,599 differentially methylated loci (DML) were found in gene bodies. The genic DML were associated with cilium movement, development, and cytoskeletal processes, implying a need to regulate cellular growth in the gonad in response to low pH. I then explored the influence of low pH on the somatic tissue methylome using diploid and triploid oyster ctenidia. Differences in ploidy status yielded 154 DML. These ploidy-DML were associated with cell-cell adhesion and dephosphorlylation processes, which are not commonly associated with methylome changes in organisms that undergo natural polyploidization. The 178 pH-DML were associated with processes commonly observed in oysters exposed to ocean acidification, including apoptosis, protein ubiquitination, zinc ion binding, and cytoskeletal processes. In both reproductive and somatic tissue, the enrichment of DML in genes with multiple transcripts could indicate a role for methylation to regulate gene expression via alternative splicing. Investigating the molecular underpinnings of responses to ocean acidification in C. gigas will provide a thorough understanding of this global aquaculture product’s ability to withstand future ocean conditions.

Download or read book Genomics in Aquaculture written by Simon A MacKenzie and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-07-29 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genomics in Aquaculture is a concise, must-have reference that describes current advances within the field of genomics and their applications to aquaculture. Written in an accessible manner for anyone—non-specialists to experts alike—this book provides in-depth coverage of genomics spanning from genome sequencing, to transcriptomics and proteomics. It provides, for ease of learning, examples from key species most relevant to current intensive aquaculture practice. Its coverage of minority species that have a specific biological interest (e.g., Pleuronectiformes) makes this book useful for countries that are developing such species. It is a robust, practical resource that covers foundational, functional, and applied aspects of genomics in aquaculture, presenting the most current information in a field of research that is rapidly growing. Provides the latest scientific methods and technologies to maximize efficiencies for healthy fish production, with summary tables for quick reference Offers an extended glossary of technical and methodological terms to help readers better understand key biological concepts Describes state-of-the-art technologies, such as transcriptomics and epigenomics, currently under development for future perspective of the field Covers minority species that have a specific biological interest (e.g., Pleuronectiformes), making the book useful to countries developing such species

Download or read book Cryopreservation of Fish Gametes written by Judith Betsy and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-27 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the reproductive physiology and endocrinology of fishes is essential for captive maturation and seed production in the field of aquaculture. Studying the spermatology of fishes is a comparatively new focus in aquaculture, which has emerged as an important area of fish research over the past two decades. In this regard, the cryopreservation of fish gametes is a crucial aspect. Moreover, energetics studies of gametes have become essential, considering the loss of vigour in the spermatozoa after cryopreservation.The latest development in this context is the cryopreservation of spermatogonial stem cell, which is also covered in the book, along with detailed information on embryo cryopreservation in fishes and crustaceans. The role of cryopreservation in conservation programmes is another important aspect, one that will especially interest biologists.This book addresses central issues in fish gamete cryopreservation and breeding, while also reviewing the history of cryopreservation. Its most unique feature is the breadth of its coverage, from basic information on reproduction in fishes, to such advanced topics as embryo cryopreservation. Chiefly intended as a handy troubleshooting guide, the book represents a valuable resource for research students in related fields.

Download or read book The History Present Condition and Future of the Molluscan Fisheries of North and Central America and Europe written by Clyde L. MacKenzie and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Functional Genomics in Aquaculture written by Marco Saroglia and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-05-25 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genomics has revolutionized biological research over the course of the last two decades. Genome maps of key agricultural species have offered increased understanding of the structure, organization, and evolution of animal genomes. Building upon this foundation, researchers are now emphasizing research on genome function. Published with the World Aquaculture Society, Functional Genomics in Aquaculture looks at the advances in this field as they directly relate to key traits and species in aquaculture production. Functional Genomics in Aquaculture opens with two chapters that provide a useful general introduction to the field of functional genomics. The second section of the book focuses on key production traits such as growth, development, reproduction, nutrition, and physiological response to stress and diseases. The final five chapters focus on a variety of key aquaculture species. Examples looking at our understanding of the functional genomes of salmonids, Mediterranean sea bass, Atlantic cod, catfish, shrimp, and molluscs, are included in the book. Providing valuable insights and discoveries into the functional genomes of finfish and shellfish species, Functional Genomics in Aquaculture, will be an invaluable resource to researchers and professionals in aquaculture, genetics, and animal science.

Download or read book Aquatic Genomics written by N. Shimizu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-01-15 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a scientific pursuit there is continual food for discovery and wonder. M. Shelley (1818) Genomic analysis of aquatic species has long been overshadowed by the superb activity of the human genome project. However, aquatic genomics is now in the limelight as evidenced by the recent accomplishment of fugu genome sequencing, which provided a significant foundation for comparative fish genomics. Undoubt edly, such progress will provide an exciting and unparalleled boost to our knowl edge of the genetics of aquatic species. Thus, aquatic genomics research has become a promising new research field with an impact on the fishery industry. It is notewor thy that the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations has projected that current global fisheries production will soon become insufficient to supply the increasing world population and that aquaculture has a great potential to fulfill that demand. This book, Aquatic Genomic. ~: Steps Toward a Great Future, was designed as a collection of advanced knowledge in aquatic genomics and biological sciences. It covers a variety of aquatic organisms including fish, crustaceans, and shellfish, and describes various advanced methodologies, including genome analysis, gene map ping, DNA markers, and EST analysis. Also included are discussions of many sub jects such as regulation of gene expression, stress and immune responses, sex differ entiation, hormonal control, and transgenic fishes.

Download or read book Marine Recreational Fisheries written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: