Download or read book Assessment of Ice Accretion on Offshore Structures written by L. David Minsk and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The literature on sea spray (superstructure) icing is almost entirely based on observations on moving ships. However, icing on stationary offshore platforms with their fixed vertical columns will differ significantly from ship icing, which is influenced by ship movement and wind and wave directions. An observation program on offshore drilling vessels is proposed, using 1-in.-diam x 8-in.-long cylinders in arrays as a standard measuring technique for spray icing. Atmospheric icing may be a source of ice accretion on derricks in some locations, and the best commercial device currently available for measuring it is the Rosemount detector. Improved devices for both spray and atmospheric ice accretion measurements should be developed. Icephobic coatings have the potential for reducing ice accretion, and testing of candidate materials should be undertaken. Well-documented icing reports by all types of ships or platforms should be made and collected at a central clearinghouse.
Download or read book Technology Assessment and Research Program for Offshore Minerals Operations written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of Superstructural Ice Protection as Applied to Offshore Oil Operations Safety written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superstructure sea spray icing and atmospheric icing from snow, freezing rain, freezing drizzle, rime, sleet, and frost reduce the safety of offshore platform and supply boat operations. Though icing reduces safety and reduces operational efficiency, it has not caused the loss of offshore platforms. Supply boats are at greater risk of loss from icing than are platforms. Platforms operating in cold regions are protected primarily by designs that reduce ice accretion, coupled with the selective use of heat. A variety of deicing and anti-icing technologies have been tested on offshore platforms and boats, but with little overall success. New technologies and modern versions of old technologies, now used successfully in aviation, the electric power industry, and on transportation systems in general, may be transferable to the offshore environment. Fifteen classes of deicing and anti-icing technologies are identified, explained, and reviewed, as are numerous ice detection technologies for controlling deicing and anti-icing systems. These technologies are the population from which new marine ice protection systems may be selected.
Download or read book Experimental Study of Ice Accumulation on Arctic Vessels and Offshore Structures written by Jonathan R. Bennett and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The arctic landscape has slowly been warming over the course of the 20th century resulting in a recession of ice coverage presenting ships with access and opportunity to regions previously blocked by heavy ice coverage and difficult weather conditions. A rise in global temperatures has accelerated the reduction of arctic sea ice coverage providing fishing and ships the ability to venture further north. Weather systems and frigid temperatures have historically overwhelmed ships traversing the arctic with heavy onboard ice accumulation risking the stability of the vessel and ultimately the safety of the crew. This onboard ice accretion is a combination of both ocean sea spray and freshwater precipitation and can additionally reduce the accessibility and functionality of essential mechanical and emergency equipment. The walkways, stairs and ladders can quickly become layered with ice making work and onboard navigation increasingly hazardous for the crew. While there are several methods to either prevent or remove accumulated ice, each is limited by either high costs, reductive efficiency or additional environmental concerns. Ship operators have traditionally relied on their crew to manually remove accumulated ice with shovels, baseball bats and sledgehammers putting the safety of the crew at risk as they work to remove ice on an already unsteady ocean surface. Additionally, they have generally avoided the thicker ice and colder environment of the winter choosing to work within the warmer summer months. However, with each passing year the ice coverage continues to shrink opening the arctic to more vessels and extending the shipping season further into the winter. This threat of marine icing is only going to become more extensive as the evolving arctic draws both the fishing and shipping industries further north in the pursuit of new opportunities. While there have been great advancements over the last half century in understanding the cause of marine icing there lacks insight and practical research into mitigating its onboard presence. The exposed stairways of ships are particularly dangerous as the increased slipping hazard is worsened with the risk of falling from a height or potentially overboard into the freezing arctic waters. This thesis gives a detailed look at the history of marine icing and the environmental properties which perpetuate its onboard growth. The research examines the effect of various stair design characteristics on reducing ice accumulation through a set of experiments conducted in the climate controlled cold room located at Memorial University. An open cell tread design resulted in the least amount of ice accretion when compared to the diamond plated aluminum, steel and rubber treads. Due to its hydrophobic properties the rubber tread accrued the most ice while simultaneously demonstrating the greatest ease of removal from impact testing. Thermal conductivity appears to have no correlation with ice accumulation or adhesion as both the steel and aluminum tests attained similar results with drastically different conductivities.
Download or read book Assessment of Superstructure Ice Protection as Applied to Offshore Oil Operations Safety written by Charles Curtis Ryerson and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ice Interaction with Offshore Structures written by A. B. Cammaert and published by Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. This book was released on 1988 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of On deck Icing for Marine Vessels written by Debashish Saha and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine icing is a complex phenomenon and understanding its growth process is important to construct ice growth models that can be built with remote sensing unit as a mean of generating a more accurate ice chart that can help in the prediction and prevention of the ice accretion on the deck of the vessel/ rig. In an arctic environment, wave impact and splash can significantly affect ice accretion on a marine structure. To predict ice accretion, water sheet breakup behavior onto a surface needs to be studied closely. The freezing behavior of salt water mostly encountered in marine vessels and offshore structures is very complicated compared to fresh water due to the salt content. A comparative effort to analyze the difference and similarity between the differing ice accretion behaviors of salt and fresh water as well as to further examine water sheet splash are the motivation of experimental investigation performed in two separate lab scale test models. The setup preparation, measurement technique, and results are presented. The results show that in fresh water freezing, droplet cooling behavior, splash area and solidification time were mainly affected by the volume of the falling droplets. The presence of salt affects the cooling time as the falling droplet size is increased. The results from the water sheet breakup tests show that jet velocity significantly affects splash size upon breakup. It is also shown that high attack angles are beneficial in low-velocity impacts.
Download or read book Ice Mechanics and Risks to Offshore Structures written by T. Sanderson and published by Springer. This book was released on 1988-05-31 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ' This is a book for which Arctic ice engineers and scientists have been waiting for years. It is the first reference text to deal in a comprehensive way with ice loads on marine structures. It is also written in a clear and attractive style and it is a pleasure to read. ' Polar Record
Download or read book Ice Houses written by Alireza Dehghani-Sanij and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-05-06 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ice-Houses: Energy, Architecture and Sustainability presents new and novel technologies and approaches surrounding daily and seasonal ice storage, along with discussions on passive cooling and natural technologies using different methods, including heat pumps. The book covers different aspects of ice-houses and cold energy production, storage and utilization. By addressing various issues connected to the technology and structure of traditional ice-houses and natural and artificial ice making, this refences looks at new technological approaches for the reduction of electrical energy consumption in buildings. Users will find this to be a comprehensive overview of ice house storage that includes worked examples and global case studies. It is an essential resource for researchers and engineers looking to advance their understanding of this method of thermal storage. Includes worked examples which calculate and determine the amounts of different parameters to help better understand the problem-solving process Provides a comprehensive literature review on the history and architecture of ice-houses, along with different ice production and storage methods Contains recent developments related to cold energy production and storage through ice making to reduce electricity demand
Download or read book CRREL Benchnotes written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigation of Transient Phase Change Phenomena of Water Droplets for Marine Icing Applications written by Kaniz Ronak Sultana and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Icing reduces the stability, reliability, productivity and safe operation of offshore exploration vessels, icebreakers and marine structures. A better understanding of the fundamentals of ice accumulation on variable surfaces will be helpful for developing solutions to reduce or prevent ice accretion on offshore vessels and marine structures. The main way that ice accretes on vessels and offshore structures is the solidification of wave-generated saltwater spray. Additionally, in cold climate conditions, vessels and offshore structures can also experience atmospheric or fresh water icing. This research investigates the primary cause of both ice accretion processes. Results were analyzed in terms of pre-impact and post-impact processes. The pre-impact results of a single water droplet suggest the droplet is not in thermal equilibrium with ambient air. Additionally, the nucleation process can occur at higher temperatures than its equilibrium freezing point. Furthermore, it predicts that the nucleation temperature is controlled by the droplet's volume and the atmospheric temperature. Larger sized droplets have a higher nucleation temperature than smaller sized droplets. Moreover, internal circulation can enhance heat transfer from the droplet to the surrounding air and can accelerate nucleation in cold environmental conditions, as well as influence the fragmentation process. It was observed that the drag force is not only a function of droplet size, but also of ambient temperature and internal circulation. The post-impact results show that for a droplet impacting on a semi-infinite medium, the thermal penetrated depth is minimal. Therefore, during the post-impact study, the substrate can be considered as an isothermal surface. Furthermore, the droplet solidification process is primarily affected by droplet size, spreading area, surface temperature and pre-impact velocity. The lower the object temperature, the faster the cooling rate. Additionally; the larger the droplet size, the more time it takes to solidify. Experimental studies on droplet impact behaviour on both bare and coated substrates were analyzed. The experiments suggest that a lower spreading and longer freezing time occur more frequently on coated substrates than on uncoated substrates. The main reasons for this are surface roughness, contact angle hysteresis, surface energy, surface properties, the thickness of the coatings and droplet-substrate surface tension. The new experimental data and numerical predictions presented in this thesis will help to develop superior and more accurate ice prediction and prevention models.
Download or read book Oil and Gas Technologies for the Arctic and Deepwater written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Study explores the range of technologies required for exploration and development of offshore energy resources and assesses associated economic factors and financial risk. It also evaluates the environmental factors related to energy activities in frontier regions and considers important government regulatory and service programs.
Download or read book Icing Rate on Stationary Structures Under Marine Conditions written by Kazuhiko Itagaki and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CRREL Report written by Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Forecast Techniques for Ice Accretion on Different Types of Marine Structures Including Ships Platforms and Coastal Facilities written by Ralph G. Jessup and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oil and gas technologies for the arctic and deep water written by United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1985 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ice Accumulation on Ocean Structures written by L. David Minsk and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
