Download or read book Assessment of Contaminant Concentrations and Transport Pathways in Rural Alaska Communities Solid Waste and Wastewater Sites written by Edda Mutter and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waste management practices currently employed in many rural Alaska communities are potentially contributing to human and environmental health impacts, and this problem may be exacerbated with the anticipated warming climate. For rural communities, factors that contribute to insufficient waste management practices include climate and environmental conditions, limitation of federal and state capital funding for construction, and the continuing financial burden associated with providing adequate operations and maintenance. As a response, federal regulatory exemptions are granted for construction and design of solid waste sites and limited state regulations are in place for wastewater discharge criteria. Due to the absence of proper site assessment and monitoring, very little is known about the fate and transport of point source pollutants arising from these wastewater and solid waste sites. Moreover, these fate and transport processes may be susceptible to changes resulting from human activity or a warming climate. Thus, this knowledge gap associated with waste-related pollutants in rural Alaska could obscure potential threats to human and environmental health by concealing impacts to freshwater systems. This research was intended to achieve a better understanding of rural Alaska waste leachate compositions by evaluating contaminant prevalence and diversity, quantifying contaminant concentration levels, and evaluating their potential migration into nearby freshwater systems. Over the course of three years, waste sites at five rural Alaska communities were sampled and tested for heavy metals, organic constituents, and microbial indicator organisms. The purpose of the analysis was to evaluate the impact of waste sites on soil, surface, and subsurface waters in the vicinity of the sites. The resulting findings are assembled into three chapters describing 1) the assessment of heavy metal leachate in rural Alaska solid waste sites, 2) the identification of new emerging organic pollutants in rural Alaska waste sites, and 3) the partitioning and transport behavior of pathogen indicator organisms in cold regions. The research outcome of E.coli and Enterococcus sp. were observed in waste impacted water and soil samples, heavy metal migration into nearby freshwaters, and pharmaceuticals, phthalates, and benzotriazole in waste impacted water samples. The research findings highlight the need to apply state regulations to remove potentially hazardous components from rural Alaska wastewater and municipal solid waste streams. Additionally, there is a need to establish effective solid waste and wastewater leachate monitoring and assessment strategies for active and closed rural Alaska waste sites.
Download or read book The Management of Open Dumps in Rural Alaska The Continuing Need for Public Health Action written by Jacqueline D. Shirley and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid Waste Management is severely deficient in rural Alaska. The majority of rural communities have unpermitted Class III landfills for waste disposal. These unpermitted landfills are commonly known as open dumps. Open dumps increase human health risks by exposure to solid and hazardous materials, including pathogens from human excreta disposed at dump sites due to lack of adequate solid waste, water and sewer facilities. Current federal and state policies lack adequate public health policies or public health actions to address this deficiency. This project analyzed five solid waste management policies that affect rural Alaska and provided three policy options and one public health action recommendation, including: 1. Transferring Authority for Unpermitted Class III Landfills. 2. Developing a Statewide Solid Waste Policy. 3. Establishing a Solid Waste Fund for unmet needs. 4. Implementing a Public Health Approach.
Download or read book Open Dumps in Alaska The Need for Public Health Action written by Jacqueline Shirley and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid Waste Management is severely deficient in rural Alaska. The majority of rural communities have unpermitted Class III landfills for waste disposal. These unpermitted landfills are commonly known as open dumps. Open dumps increase human health risks by exposure to solid and hazardous materials, including pathogens from human excreta disposed at dump sites due to lack of adequate solid waste, water and sewer facilities. Current federal and state policies lack adequate public health policies or public health actions to address this deficiency. This project analyzed five solid waste management policies that affect rural Alaska and provided three policy options and one public health action recommendation, including: 1. Transferring Authority for Un-permitted Class III Landfills 2. Developing a Statewide Solid Waste Policy 3. Establishing a Solid Waste Fund for Unmet Needs 4. Implementing a Public Health Approach
Download or read book Water related Utilities for Small Communities in Rural Alaska written by Bertold Puchtler and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Report on the "Alaska Village Demonstration Projects" designed to demonstrate methods to improve sanitary conditions in native villages of Alaska.
Download or read book Alaska Village Demonstration Projects written by Barry H. Reid and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This manual contains overview information on treatment technologies, installation practices, and past performance."--Introduction.
Download or read book Transport of Fecal Bacteria in a Rural Alaskan Community written by Molly Katelyn Chambers and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "People living without piped water and sewer can be at increased risk for fecal-oral diseases. One Alaskan village that relies on hauled water and honeybuckets was studied to determine the pathways of fecal contamination of drinking water and the human environment so that barriers can be established to protect health. Samples were tested for the fecal indicators Escherichia coli and Enterococcus. Several samples were also tested for the pathogens Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum. All terrain vehicle (ATV) use and foot traffic transported bacteria within the village and into the home. Surface water flow transported bacteria within the community during spring thaw, but flow from the dump did not appear to contribute to contamination in town. Within the home, viable fecal bacteria were found on waterdippers, kitchen counters and floors, and in washbasin water. Giardia was found at the dump, but not in water from the river adjacent the community. Exposure to fecal contamination could be reduced by cleaning up after dogs, careful disposal of honey bucket bags and gray water, and by protecting stored drinking water"--Leaf iii.
Download or read book Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System Solid Waste Disposal Site Evaluation Prudhoe Bay to the Canadian Border written by Gulf Interstate Engineering Company and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rural Sanitation 2005 Action Plan written by Alaska. Governor's Council on Rural Sanitation and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Evaluation of Ground water Quality Monitoring in Alaska written by Danita L. Maynard and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Alaskan Challenge written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1994 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alaska Hazardous Waste Generation Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Health Effects Associated with Solid Waste Disposal in Alaska Native Villages written by Susan Vibeke Maria Gilbreath and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid waste management is severely deficient in many Alaska Native (AN) villages. Little is known about potential health effects to residents of these remote villages with respect to solid waste disposal (SWD). In the summer of 2000, a retrospective cohort study with cross-sectional components was used to evaluate the risk of experiencing self-reported health symptoms relative to exposure to SWD practices in four AN villages. Significant risks for symptoms were detected for: residence within? mile of a dumpsite, odor complaints, burning of trash, frequency of burning, number of visits to the dumpsite, and subsistence practices. Retrospective cohort studies were used to evaluate the risks of negative birth outcomes in infants whose birth records indicated maternal residence in villages that had been identified as containing dumpsites that pose an intermediate or high hazard potential to health. Birth records from 1997-2001 were used to identify infants born to mothers who resided in AN villages with dumpsite rankings. Negative birth outcomes examined first included: low and very low birth weight, preterm birth, and small for gestational age (SGA). Mothers from villages with intermediate and high hazard dumpsites had a higher proportion of low birth weight infants than mothers from villages with low hazard dumpsites. On average, infants weighed less and pregnancies were shorter in mothers from villages with higher hazard dumpsites compared to the referent category. No differences were detected across exposure levels for incidences of for other outcomes. Rates of fetal and neonatal deaths and congenital anomalies in infants with respect to the hazard rankings of dumpsites were also examined. The most highly weighted hazard factors were also used as predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes. No differences in rates were detected across exposure levels, although adjusted estimates were positive in most congenital anomaly categories. Infants born to mothers residing in villages with high hazard dumpsite contents were more likely to have other congenital defects than infants in the referent category. Other hazard factors were not significant predictors for any outcomes examined. These are the first studies to evaluate potential health effects related to open dumpsites and SWD practices in AN villages.
Download or read book Solid Waste on Federal Lands in Alaska written by Alaska. Department of Environmental Conservation and published by . This book was released on 1977* with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a regional approach to waste disposal by identifying the environmental and economic considerations for cleanup in each of five geographic areas of Alaska.
Download or read book Alaska Rural Water and Sanitation Working Group written by United States. Arctic Research Commission. Alaska Rural Water and Sanitation Working Group and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Greater Anchorage Area Borough Study of On site Storage Collection and Bulk Transportation of Solid Wastes written by Greater Anchorage Area Borough (Alaska) and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alaska Sanitation Planning Guide for Small Communities written by Alaska. Department of Community and Economic Development and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
