Download or read book Assessment of Chimpanzee Pan Troglodytes and Habitat in Kwitanga Forest Western Tanzania written by Sood A. Ndimuligo and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Eastern Chimpanzee Pan Troglodytes Schweinfurthii written by and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2010 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Long Term Field Studies of Primates written by Peter M. Kappeler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-07 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some primate field studies have been on-going for decades, covering significant portions of individual life cycles or even multiple generations. In this volume, leading field workers report on the history and infrastructure of their projects in Madagascar, Africa, Asia and South America. More importantly, they provide summaries of their long-term research efforts on primate behaviour, ecology and life history, highlighting insights that were only possible because of the long-term nature of the study. The chapters of this volume collectively outline the many scientific reasons for studying primate behaviour, ecology and demography over multiple generations. This kind of research is typically necessitated by the relatively slow life histories of primates. Moreover, a complete understanding of social organization and behaviour, factors often influenced by rare but important events, requires long-term data collection. Finally, long-term field projects are also becoming increasingly important foci of local conservation activities.

Download or read book Habitat Use and Nesting Ecology of Savanna Chimpanzees Pan Troglodytes Verus in Southeastern Senegal written by Andrea Jo Socha and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chimpanzees differentially utilize their environment for different activities. This study examines the use of habitat by western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) living in a savanna mosaic environment at Fongoli, Senegal through both behavioral observation and examination of nesting ecology via a comprehensive survey of nest sites. Specific questions addressed with reference to habitat use and nesting ecology include those of safety, resource defense and acquisition, and comfort. Habitat availability was determined by transect sampling. Habitat use was explored on multiple scales, including levels of habitat type, area features, and, with regard to nesting ecology, tree features. On a coarse scale, chimpanzees most preferred gallery forest for both daily activity and nesting. Woodland was also selectively utilized in both cases, while plateau was avoided. Evidence supports the selective utilization of areas with higher than average canopy cover and stem density for nesting. The availability of resources, both food and water, also influenced the location of nesting sites. The same general areas within the core range were often exploited repeatedly for nesting, but whether this is related to resource availability, habitat structure, or other factors has yet to be determined. On a finer scale, the chimpanzees selected nesting trees that were taller than average, had taller than average crowns, and had larger stem diameters than the average trees at Fongoli. They also preferred certain tree species for nesting, namely Cola cordifolia (taba) and Pterocarpus erinaceus (keno). It appears that resource location and safety considerations influence habitat selection on a coarse scale, while finer scale decisions (e.g., nest height, tree species) with regard to habitat use may be based more on comfort. Social factors also likely play a role in both coarse and fine scale habitat selection. The implications of conclusions about habitat use by savanna chimpanzees can contribute to models of habitat use by Plio-Pleistocene hominids; nesting ecology is specifically pertinent with regards to hominid sleeping sites and activities such as carcass processing that require similar attributes, such as safety and resources. Lastly, this multi-scale investigation into habitat use has direct relevance to chimpanzee conservation.

Download or read book Genetic Investigation of an Unhabituated Savanna woodland Chimpanzee Pan Troglodytes Schweinfurthii Population in Ugalla Western Tanzania written by Deborah L. Moore and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Socioecological models derive from the field of behavioral ecology, wherein social strategies are seen as adaptive responses to evolutionary and environmental forces. Chimpanzee social structure is largely explained by their dietary preference, however, little is known of chimpanzee adaptations to savanna-woodland environments. This dissertation tests the explanatory power of socioecological models on a chimpanzee population occupying the savanna-woodlands of Ugalla, Tanzania. By conducting a genetic survey across 624 km 2 , the following predictions are tested: (1) chimpanzees will occur at lower population densities than at forested sites, reflective of more diffusely distributed resources; (2) lower population densities, resulting in theoretically indefensible larger home ranges, will decrease benefits gained from male philopatry, resulting in a more continuous distribution of Y-chromosome haplotypes than is characteristic of populations studied in forested environments; and (3) genetic diversity will be lower, compared to other eastern chimpanzee populations, due to potential isolation. The population density of Ugalla is 0.25 (CI 0.16-0.38) individuals/km 2 , which is ten times less than the lowest forested site density. The Ugalla males appear to remain in their natal community, as geographic clusters of rare Y-chromosome haplotypes were found, suggesting the maintenance of male-philopatric communities. Relative genetic diversity of the Y-chromosome was exceptionally low among the males, and autosomal diversity was comparable to other eastern chimpanzee populations. These results indicate that although chimpanzees in Ugalla occur at much lower densities in response to a savanna-woodland habitat, male philopatry is maintained, suggesting this social structure is a highly conservative adaptation, and one which may have been shared with our earliest ancestors as they shifted to a similar environment.

Download or read book Adaptation of Captive Chimpanzees Pan Troglodytes to Free Ranging in a Natural Temperate Environment written by Reema Adella Persad-Clem and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We studied the ecological impact and adaptation of 18 captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) from differing origins, rearing and housing situations as they made the transition from cages to a 6-acre tract of forest (Habitat) at the Chimp Haven retirement sanctuary in Caddo Parish, Louisiana. Before release in summer 2005, we permanently tagged all trees in the Habitat and did a line-transect to sample the canopy, understory and lianas and a neighboring control plot. Before release, we presented the group with eight novel species of edible, freshly-cut vegetation (we knew they would encounter in the Habitat) in bundled combinations and recorded how the apes used each taxa. We followed their use of these familiar and any non-familiar forms of vegetation during the post-release period in the Habitat. We used scan-sampling to collect data on activity budget (including locomotion and social behavior), spatial use and proximity before and after the release, and kept track of climate variables during the entire study period. Ulmus foliage was preferred to all other forms of vegetation for both eating and non-eating use during the browse study and in the Habitat. Based on a re-sampling of the Habitat and control plots in 2008, the saplings and lianas showed greater impact due to chimpanzee presence, while the trees were less affected. Wild-born females used the vegetation the most by foraging, climbing trees, eating familiar and non-familiar plants, building beds and moving in the Habitat, compared with males and captive-born females. Although differences in forest structure, advanced age, absence of resource competition and the minimal influence of neighboring communities hindered comparisons to wild chimpanzee behavior, grouping pattern and same-sex associations approached natural norms in this group after their release into the Habitat. These data show that a pre- versus post-release environmental impact assessment is critical in preserving the integrity of the vegetation structure and provide encouraging evidence that aged, captive chimpanzees of varied life-history backgrounds can adapt to existing in a temperate, forested environment, without doing large-scale damage to it.

Download or read book Social Perceptions of Nonhumans in Tombali Guinea Bissau West Africa written by Susana Gonçalves Costa and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rainforest biodiversity is particularly vulnerable to loss, since the distribution of forests is limited and the vertebrate species that live within these forests have a limited potential to re-colonize deforested areas, especially when their abundance declines to critical levels. Guinea-Bissau (West Africa) is experiencing significant loss of habitats and species diversity; as such, the establishment of an effective conservation programme is urgent in its remaining forested areas. Despite six legislated protected areas, Guinean forests and their wildlife are not safe in reality. This lack of on-the-ground protection is the case for Cantanhez National Park (Tombali region), where this research took place. The park was established in 2007 to protect remnant forests containing unique and endemic Guinean biodiversity, such as the endangered West African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus). Local inhabitant's attitudes towards protected areas and associated externally driven conservation programmes are seldom examined in depth in relation to understanding the drivers (livelihood, socio-cultural, and local) of perceptions, which makes conservation problematic. Understanding attitudes to animals, habitats and livelihood risks were the focus of this project, specifically in order to assess perceptions of chimpanzees. Chimpanzees are currently suffering catastrophic declines due to human actions across Africa. Thus a focus on understanding, managing and enhancing people's perceptions and attitudes towards this species could be vital to its long-term survival. The theoretical approach is based upon (i) examining the construct of sociozoologic scales in this specific socio-cultural context, (ii) elucidating issues in human wildlife interaction (e.g. conflict such as crop-raiding and positive such as ecotourism potential), (iii) local economies (i.e. level of dependency on forest resources), and (iv) understanding people's expectations about the future of the National Park as a potential constraint or opportunity for their welfare and livelihoods. Quantitative and qualitative methods were combined to approach these questions. The Guinean sociozoologic scale of Cantanhez clearly divides vertebrate species into (i) 'tame', considered good (e.g. gazelles) and (ii) 'hazardous', considered bad (e.g. hyaenas). Chimpanzees lay exactly in the midpoint. They are considered humans' close relatives; however, they 'misbehave' as astute crop thieves sufficiently to be perceived as a competitor for resources. Since chimpanzees are also seen as very similar to humans, their meat consumption is taboo, which adds the potential for protection. Gender and religion both influence the way locals perceive of and relate to chimpanzees. Women and Muslims tend to be more negative towards this species and the protected area than are men and non-Muslims. Women never exhibited positive attitudes in relation to the protected area, while men appeared to be more engaged with 'capitalized' principles, with some awareness about the importance chimpanzees might have in catalyzing the National Park and local economy. This study highlights the need for a management plan to mitigate crop-raiding and the development of sustainable strategies that provide livelihood benefits for both men and women, addressing their distinct needs, outside the protected area.

Download or read book Stable Carbon Isotope Values of Pan Troglodytes Hair Correspond With Mean Annual Precipitation But Not Temperature Across Western Tanzanian Chimpanzee Study Sites written by Isabel Hermsmeyer and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diet influences stable carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values ([delta]13C and [delta]15N values) in animal tissues; and here we explore the influences of the local ecology on those values in six separate troops of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). In this study we build upon Schoeninger et al.'s 2016 paper by exploring the influence of environmental factors by comparing three separate chimpanzee sites within Gombe Park to another three separate sites in neighboring Ugalla Park. We present new [delta]13C and [delta]15N values by using hairs collected from night nests in the 90's and early 2000's from Gombe and Ugalla. We then compare these new chimpanzee [delta]13Chair and [delta]15Nhair values to local Mean Annual Precipitation (MAP), Mean Annual Temperature (MAT), and the relationship between MAP and MAT. We used these comparisons to test hypotheses based on known effects of these variables on the [delta]13C and [delta]15N values in plant tissues that may be consumed by the chimpanzees. The comparisons show that hair from chimpanzees living in sites with lower MAP have higher [delta]13Chair and [delta]15Nhair values than do chimpanzees living in sites with higher MAP. Neither [delta]13Chair or [delta]15Nhair were significantly related to MAT, however, the relationship between MAP and MAT was seen to be significant. These results suggest the potential of using [delta]13C and [delta]15N values in primate tissues to infer attributes of their local ecology in circumstances where ecology may be unknown, such as samples collected in the last few hundred years or fossil hominins.

Download or read book Characterisation of an Eastern Chimpanzee Pan Troglodytes Schweinfurthii Population in Unprotected Forest Fragments Near Lake Albert DR Congo written by Pierre Huyghe and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fragmentation, degradation and the loss of habitat are, among others, important drivers of human-induced biodiversity loss. Since half of the biodiversity can be found in tropical rainforests it is clear that the key to maintaining this biodiversity is the conservation of forests (Slingenberg et al. 2009). Primates are also severely affected by these threats since 90% of the primate species depend on forests for there survival (Mittermeier and Cheney 1987). This is also the case for the chimpanzee populations living in the DR Congo. The aim of this thesis is to characterise an unstudied population of chimpanzees living in three neighbouring forest fragments on the Lendu Plateau near Lake Albert. In recent decades the fragmentation in the area intensified. In 1985 the area consisted of a larger and small forest fragment. Nowadays the larger forest fragment is split up into two smaller fragments. In this study the tree composition of the forest was analysed. With Shannon indices (H) between 2.49 and 2.98, for the three fragments, the study area can be considered as moderately divers when considering tree species. Although the forest fragments are quite small the density of chimpanzees is quite high compared to other African forests. The density was estimated to be around 3.8 individuals per km2. This study found that night nests were more often found further away from human settlements and on higher altitudes. The data available for this thesis suggests that food trees are more likely to be used as nesting trees. In literature there is still a lot of debate and some articles suggest that other factors such as physical tree characteristics are more important for the selection of nesting trees (Stanford and OMalley 2008). This study shows that small forests can harbour threatened species and thus could be of importance for conservation.

Download or read book West African Chimpanzees written by Rebecca Kormos and published by World Conservation Union. This book was released on 2003 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wild chimpanzees are only found in tropical Africa, where their populations have declined by more than 66% in the last 30 years. This Action Plan focuses on one of the four chimpanzee subspecies, the western chimpanzee, which is one of the two subspecies most threatened with extinction. This publication presents a plan for action that represents a consensus among all parties concerned with the conservation of chimpanzees.

Download or read book Through a Window written by Jane Goodall and published by HMH. This book was released on 2010-04-07 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The renowned British primatologist continues the “engrossing account” of her time among the chimpanzees of Gombe, Tanzania (Publishers Weekly). In her classic, In the Shadow of Man, Jane Goodall wrote of her first ten years at Gombe. In Through a Window she continues the story, painting a more complete and vivid portrait of our closest relatives. On the shores of Lake Tanganyika, Gombe is a community where the principal residents are chimpanzees. Through Goodall’s eyes we watch young Figan’s relentless rise to power and old Mike’s crushing defeat. We learn how one mother rears her children to succeed and another dooms hers to failure. We witness horrifying murders, touching moments of affection, joyous births, and wrenching deaths. As Goodall compellingly tells the story of this intimately intertwined community, we are shown human emotions stripped to their essence. In the mirror of chimpanzee life, we see ourselves reflected. “A humbling and exalting book . . . Ranks with the great scientific achievements of the twentieth century.” —The Washington Post “[An] absolutely smashing account . . . Thrilling, affectionate, intelligent—a classic.” —Kirkus Reviews, starred review

Download or read book The Chimpanzees of Bossou and Nimba written by Tetsuro Matsuzawa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-06 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chimpanzees of Bossou in Guinea, West Africa, form a unique community which displays an exceptional array of tool use behaviors and behavioral adaptations to coexistence with humans. This community of Pan troglodytes verus has contributed more than three decades of data to the field of cultural primatology, especially chimpanzees’ flexible use of stones to crack open nuts and of perishable tools during foraging activities. The book highlights the special contribution of the long-term research at Bossou and more recent studies in surrounding areas, particularly in the Nimba Mountains and the forest of Diécké, to our understanding of wild chimpanzees’ tool use, cognitive development, lithic technology and culture. This compilation of research principally strives to uncover the complexity of the mind and behavioral flexibility of our closest living relatives. This work also reveals the necessity for ongoing efforts to conserve chimpanzees in the region. Chimpanzees have shed more light on our evolutionary origins than any other extant species in the world, yet their numbers in the wild are rapidly declining. In that sense, the Bossou chimpanzees and their neighbors clearly embody an invaluable cultural heritage for humanity as a whole. Readers can enjoy video clips illustrating unique behaviors of Bossou chimpanzees, in an exclusive DVD accompanying the hardcover or at a dedicated website described in the softcover.

Download or read book Science and Conservation in African Forests written by Richard Wrangham and published by . This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forests need apes as much as the apes need the forests. They are the gardeners of the forest - keystone species in the ecology of African and Southeast Asian forests, dispersing seeds, creating light gaps and pruning branch-tips whilst feeding. Their habitat comprises two of the planet's three major tropical forest blocks that are essential for global climate regulation. But the economic pressures that are destroying ape habitats are much greater than current available conservation finance. This unique case study from the Kibale national park illustrates how biological research has had diverse consequences for conservation. It examines effects on habitat management, community relations, ecotourism and training. Lessons learned from this project over the last 20 years will inspire researchers and conservationists to work together to promote biodiversity through field projects.

Download or read book Behavioural Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos written by Christophe Boesch and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-08 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus), otherwise known as pygmy chimpanzees, are the only two species of the genus Pan. As they are our nearest relatives, there has been much research devoted to investigating the similarities and differences between them. This book offers an extensive review of the most recent observations to come from field studies on the diversity of Pan social behaviour, with contributions from many of the world's leading experts in this field. A wide range of social behaviours is discussed including tool use, hunting, reproductive strategies and conflict management as well as demographic variables and ecological constraints. In addition to interspecies behavioural diversity, this text describes exciting new research into variations between different populations of the same species. Researchers and students working in the fields of primatology, anthropology and zoology will find this a fascinating read.

Download or read book Chimpanzee Cultures written by Richard W. Wrangham and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compares and contrasts the ecology, social relations, and cognition of chimpanzees, bonobos, and occasionally, gorillas.

Download or read book Understanding Chimpanzees written by Paul G. Heltne and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thanks to classic studies such as Jane Goodall's The Chimpanzees of Gombe, we know a great deal about our closest primate relative, but much remains to be discovered about these endlessly fascinating family members. Even their genus name, Pan, taken from the Greek god who represented the spirit of nature, aptly characterizes their elusiveness, for, like nature, chimpanzee behavior is a "giant jigsaw puzzle," as Goodall puts it. This book, a definitive summary of current knowledge about chimpanzees and bonobos, is a significant step toward solving the puzzle. Virtually every major chimpanzee specialist from around the world--Japan, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Africa, the United States--has contributed to this landmark volume. It contains important contributions by Japanese researchers who have been working in Africa for as many years as Goodall and whose work is not readily accessible in the West. Understanding Chimpanzees examines a wide range of topics, including social behavior and ecology in the field, the rich variety of cultural traditions between one population and another in Africa and elsewhere, behavior in captivity, and the incredible cognitive abilities of chimpanzees in language acquisition laboratories. Of special interest is the strong coverage of bonobos (pygmy chimpanzees). The authors also concentrate on conveying a better appreciation of chimpanzee intelligence through the description of various ongoing investigations, particularly ones that examine signing interactions, vocabulary testing and modulation, and symbol acquisition. In addition to the Foreword, Jane Goodall contributes a review of her own work at Gombe, her proposal for a "ChimpanZoo" project, and an update on the status of conservation in Tanzania. The book contains a major section on chimpanzee conservation in captivityand in the wild, documenting the threat to chimpanzee habitat and survival. This work draws from a broad range of disciplines, including ethology, psychology, anatomy, biology, anthropology, conservation, and ecology and will attract readers pursuing ideas in all these fields. Over 100 photographs and drawings illustrate the text, which has been carefully assembled and edited by Paul G. Heltne, Director of the Chicago Academy of Sciences, and Linda A. Marquardt, the editor of Science Learning in the Informal Setting.

Download or read book Life and Death in the Gombe Chimpanzees written by Claire A. Kirchhoff and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-29 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses how skeletons can inform us about behavior by describing skeletal lesions in the Gombe chimpanzees, relating them to known life histories whenever possible, and analyzing demographic patterns in the sample. This is of particular interest to both primatologists and skeletal analysts who have benefited from published data on a smaller, earlier skeletal sample from Gombe. The Gombe skeletal collection is the largest collection of wild chimpanzees with known life histories in existence, and this work significantly expands the skeletal sample from this long-term research site (49 chimpanzees). The book explores topics of general interest to skeletal analysts such as demographic patterns, which injuries leave signs on the skeleton, and rates of healing, and discusses both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the patterning of lesions. The book presents the data in a narrative style similar to that employed in Dr. Goodall’s seminal work The Chimpanzees of Gombe. Readers already familiar with the Gombe chimpanzees are likely to appreciate summaries of life events correlated to observable skeletal features. The book is especially relevant at this time to remind primate conservationists of the importance of the isolated chimpanzee population at Gombe National Park as well as the availability of the skeletons for study, both within the park itself as well as at the University of Minnesota.