Download or read book Assessing the Accuracy of Google Translate to Allow Data Extraction from Trials Published in Non English Languages written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2013-03-21 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the strengths of systematic reviews is that they aim to include all relevant evidence. However, study eligibility is often restricted to the English language for practical reasons. Google Translate, a free Web-based resource for translation, has recently become available. However, it is unclear whether its translation accuracy is sufficient for systematic reviews. An earlier pilot study provided some evidence that data extraction from translated articles may be adequate but varies by language. To address several limitations of the pilot study, four collaborating Evidence-based Practice Centers conducted a more rigorous analysis of translations of articles from five languages. Systematic reviews conducted by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Evidence-based Practice Centers (EPCs) most commonly restrict literature searches to English language publications. In a sample of 10 recent Evidence Reports (numbers 189-198), 8 were restricted to English-language publications. One report included studies in languages for which the EPC had “available fluency” and only one reported not restricting by language. Among 28 other recent Comparative Effectiveness Reviews (CERs) with final or draft documents downloadable from the AHRQ Web site, 20 were restricted to English-language publications. Four explicitly did not impose any language restriction. Two did not report language restriction in their methods chapter and included one study each in Dutch and German. One placed no language restriction on comparative studies but included only English-language cohort studies. One included German- and French-language studies for nonoperative interventions (which were sparse), but only English-language publications for operative treatments “due to lack of translation resources.” Three of the CERs wrote that the language restriction was due to lack of resources or prohibitive translation costs, despite the recognition in one CER “that requiring studies to be published in English could lead to bias.” The current study was designed to form a collaboration of EPCs to better analyze the accuracy of the freely available, online, translation tool—Google Translate—for the purposes of data extraction of articles in selected non-English languages. The collaboration allowed for double data extraction and a better consensus determination of the important extraction items to assess; we also implemented an improved analytic technique. The research had the following aims: 1. Compare data extraction of trials done on original-language articles by native speakers with data extraction done on articles translated to English by Google Translate. 2. Track and enumerate the time and resources used for article translation and the extra time and resources required for data extraction related to use of translated articles.

Download or read book Corpus based Approaches to Grammar Media and Health Discourses written by Bingjun Yang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-23 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume gathers corpus-based studies on topics including English grammar and discourses on media and health, mainly from a systemic functional linguistics (SFL) perspective, in order to reveal the potential of SFL, which has been emphasized by Halliday. Various other perspectives, such as philosophy, statistics, genre studies, etc. are also included to promote SFL’s potential interaction with other theories. Though they employ a diverse range of theoretical perspectives, all the chapters focus on exploring language in use with the corpus method. The studies collected here are all original, unpublished research articles that address significant questions, deepen readers’ understanding of SFL, and promote its potential interaction with other theories. In addition, they demonstrate the great potential that SFL holds for solving language-related questions in a variety of discourses.

Download or read book Principles and Practice of Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis written by Sanjay Patole and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-26 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence based medicine is at the core of modern medicine. It involves the integration of individual clinical expertise with the best available clinical evidence from systematic research and patient's values and expectations. Systematic reviews offer a summary of the best available evidence. They are the most reliable and comprehensive statement about what works. Written by clinical academics from Australia, UK, USA, and Switzerland, this contributed volume introduces the readers to the principles and practice of systematic reviews and meta-analysis. It covers the various steps involved in systematic reviews including development of a focused question and the strategy for conducting a comprehensive literature search, identifying studies addressing the underlying question, assessment of heterogeneity and the risk of bias in the included studies, data extraction, and the approach to meta-analysis. Crucial issues such as selecting the model for meta-analysis, generating and interpreting forest plots, assessing the risk of publication bias, cautions in the interpretation of subgroup and sensitivity analyses, rating certainty of the evidence using GRADE guideline, and standardized reporting of meta-analysis (PRISMA) are covered in detail. Every attempt is made to keep the narrative simple and clear. Mathematical formulae are avoided as much as possible. While the focus of this book is on systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCTs), the gold standard of clinical research, the essentials of systematic reviews of non-RCTs, diagnostic test accuracy studies, animal studies, individual participant data meta-analysis, and network meta-analysis are also covered. Readers from all faculties of medicine will enjoy this comprehensive and reader friendly book to understand the principles and practice of systematic reviews and meta-analysis for guiding their clinical practice and research.

Download or read book Recent Developments in Individual and Organizational Adoption of ICTs written by Yildiz, Orkun and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-08-28 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, information and communication technologies (ICTs) have gained significant importance and become vital to the operations of both organizations and individuals. However, there are numerous factors that have affected the adoption of ICTs including access and accessibility barriers, political participation, and social empowerment. This has attracted the attention of researchers who are interested in understanding the socioeconomic influences of ICT adoption and how these technologies impact the infrastructure of modern organizational activities. Recent Developments in Individual and Organizational Adoption of ICTs is a collection of innovative research on the methods of organizational and infrastructural advancement through the application of information and communication technologies. While highlighting topics including internet banking, supply chain management, and e-government services, this book is ideally designed for managers, researchers, policymakers, politicians, business practitioners, educators, decision scientists, strategists, and students seeking current research on the socioeconomic impact of ICT adoption.

Download or read book Enhancements and Limitations to ICT Based Informal Language Learning Emerging Research and Opportunities written by Ahmed, Rashad and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-01-03 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In today’s modernized world, digital technology has taken the forefront in all aspects of society, including education. Students have access to numerous electronic devices, which has made online learning materials highly accessible. These technological impacts have blurred the distinction between formal and informal language learning methods. Informally learned English has lost proficiency when assessing student performance. Sizable research is necessary to study and understand the informal methods of language learning using technology. Enhancements and Limitations to ICT-Based Informal Language Learning: Emerging Research and Opportunities is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the implementation of technological opportunities within informal language teaching methods along with the drawbacks that limit its efficiency. While highlighting topics such as acculturation, student perception, and autonomous applications, this publication explores how learners perform ICT-based activities beyond the classroom and assesses the linguistic gains generated by informal ICT uses. This book is ideally designed for teachers, IT consultants, educational software developers, researchers, policymakers, and academic professionals seeking current research on technological techniques within second language learning and teaching.

Download or read book Translation Quality Assessment written by Joss Moorkens and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-13 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first volume that brings together research and practice from academic and industry settings and a combination of human and machine translation evaluation. Its comprehensive collection of papers by leading experts in human and machine translation quality and evaluation who situate current developments and chart future trends fills a clear gap in the literature. This is critical to the successful integration of translation technologies in the industry today, where the lines between human and machine are becoming increasingly blurred by technology: this affects the whole translation landscape, from students and trainers to project managers and professionals, including in-house and freelance translators, as well as, of course, translation scholars and researchers. The editors have broad experience in translation quality evaluation research, including investigations into professional practice with qualitative and quantitative studies, and the contributors are leading experts in their respective fields, providing a unique set of complementary perspectives on human and machine translation quality and evaluation, combining theoretical and applied approaches.

Download or read book Introduction to Google Translate written by Gilad James, PhD and published by Gilad James Mystery School. This book was released on with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Google Translate is a multilingual translation service provided by Google. It allows users to translate words, phrases, and entire documents between multiple languages. The service was launched in April 2006 and has since been constantly updated to provide more accurate translations. Initially offering translations in only two languages, Google Translate now supports over 100 languages. The translation process works by analyzing the text or document input by the user, breaking it up into smaller segments, and then using statistical algorithms to match these segments with translations from its database. Google Translate has been a helpful tool for people to communicate across different languages, whether it be for business or personal use. However, it must be noted that automated translations often carry a high risk of inaccuracies due to the complexities inherent in language and the nuances of different cultures and contexts. It is always recommended to use translations as a starting point, and then have a native speaker review and refine the language to ensure accuracy.

Download or read book The Spoken Language Translator written by Manny Rayner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-08-28 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the Spoken Language Translator (SLT), one of the first major projects in the area of automatic speech translation.

Download or read book Human Machine Interaction in Translation written by Bernadette Sharp and published by Samfundslitteratur. This book was released on 2011 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes 19 papers which were selected for presentation at the workshop and the text of invite keynote lectures. The workshop provided an attractive interdisciplinary forum for fostering interactions among researchers and practitioners in Natural Language Processing (NLP) working within the paradigm of Cognitive Science (CS)

Download or read book Cross Language Information Retrieval written by Jian-Yun Nie and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010-05-05 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Search for information is no longer exclusively limited within the native language of the user, but is more and more extended to other languages. This gives rise to the problem of cross-language information retrieval (CLIR), whose goal is to find relevant information written in a different language to a query. In addition to the problems of monolingual information retrieval (IR), translation is the key problem in CLIR: one should translate either the query or the documents from a language to another. However, this translation problem is not identical to full-text machine translation (MT): the goal is not to produce a human-readable translation, but a translation suitable for finding relevant documents. Specific translation methods are thus required. The goal of this book is to provide a comprehensive description of the specific problems arising in CLIR, the solutions proposed in this area, as well as the remaining problems. The book starts with a general description of the monolingual IR and CLIR problems. Different classes of approaches to translation are then presented: approaches using an MT system, dictionary-based translation and approaches based on parallel and comparable corpora. In addition, the typical retrieval effectiveness using different approaches is compared. It will be shown that translation approaches specifically designed for CLIR can rival and outperform high-quality MT systems. Finally, the book offers a look into the future that draws a strong parallel between query expansion in monolingual IR and query translation in CLIR, suggesting that many approaches developed in monolingual IR can be adapted to CLIR. The book can be used as an introduction to CLIR. Advanced readers can also find more technical details and discussions about the remaining research challenges in the future. It is suitable to new researchers who intend to carry out research on CLIR. Table of Contents: Preface / Introduction / Using Manually Constructed Translation Systems and Resources for CLIR / Translation Based on Parallel and Comparable Corpora / Other Methods to Improve CLIR / A Look into the Future: Toward a Unified View of Monolingual IR and CLIR? / References / Author Biography

Download or read book Translation Quality Assessment written by Juliane House and published by Gunter Narr Verlag. This book was released on 1997 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Research on Translator and Interpreter Training written by Jackie Xiu Yan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively examines the development of translator and interpreter training using bibliometric reviews of the state of the field and empirical studies on classroom practice. It starts by introducing databases in bibliometric reviews and presents a detailed account of the reasons behind the project and its objectives as well as a description of the methods of constructing databases. The introduction is followed by full-scale review studies on various aspects of translator and interpreter training, providing not only an overall picture of the research themes and methods, but also valuable information on active authors, institutions and countries in the subfields of translator training, interpreter training, and translator and interpreter training in general. The book also compares publications from different subfields of research, regions and journals to show the special features within this discipline. Further, it provides a series of empirical studies conducted by the authors, covering a wide array of topics in translator and interpreter training, with an emphasis on learner factors. This collective volume, with its unique perspective on bibliometric data and empirical studies, highlights the latest development in the field of translator and interpreter training research. The findings presented will help researchers, trainers and practitioners to reflect on the important issues in the discipline and find possible new directions for future research.

Download or read book Innovation and Expansion in Translation Process Research written by Isabel Lacruz and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2018-01-15 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive research in translation and interpreting has reached a critical threshold of maturity that is triggering rapid expansion along exciting new paths that potentially lead to deeper connections with other disciplines. Innovation and Expansion in Translation Process Research reflects this broadening scope and reach, emphasizing ongoing methodological innovations, diversification of research topics and questions, and rich interactions with adjacent fields of research. The contributions to the volume can be grouped within four loosely defined themes: advances in traditional topics in translation process research, including problems in translation, translation competence or expertise, and specialization of translators; advances in research into the emotional or affective aspects of translating and translator training; innovations in machine translation and post-editing; expansion of cognitively-oriented translation studies to include editing processes and reception studies. This timely volume highlights the burgeoning growth, diversification, and connectivity of translation process research.

Download or read book From Data to Evidence in English Language Research written by Carla Suhr and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-01-07 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Data to Evidence in English Language Research offers new insights into the ways in which developments in linguistic corpora and other digital data sources can be used to extend and re-evaluate research questions in English linguistics.

Download or read book A Model for Translation Quality Assessment written by Juliane House and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Utility of Machine Translation Software written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This digest summarizes the results of NCHRP Project 20-48 "Accessibility of non-English transportation information." The digest is based on a report prepared by AppTek-L&H and Booz-Allen & Hamilton, Inc. ... Mohammad Shihadah served as the principal investigator."

Download or read book Know how New Challenges and Trends for the Legal Translation Field written by Tatiana Istomina and published by . This book was released on 2020-12-31 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Interpreting / Translating, grade: 2,0, University of Portsmouth (School of Languages and Applied Linguistics), course: MA Translation Studies, language: English, abstract: This study aims to determine what the main contemporary challenges in the legal translation field are and how future trends will shape the future of the legal translation market. Know-how are continually transforming the world and global markets, including the legal market and legal translation market. Research has shown an increased interest both from academics and market players, yet the absence of a realistic overview of the current and future impact of know-how on both markets. Building on results of recent conferences in Germany 2019, academic works and talks to different experts, this study further summarizes existing strategies on how to address the major changes in order to survive and thrive in the legal translation market in the future. Based on the reverse engineering method and analytic and systematic approaches, the possible interactions between complex systems such as new technologies were studied from a global perspective, so that realistic future trends were presented based on dynamic simulations of these systems. The results confirm the hypothesis that the development of know-how implies the radical transformation, e.g. the entire business model for delivery services, which will involve outcome-based strategies and empowering human resources as enablers of technology. On this basis, it is recommended that legal translators should take strategic decisions on how to adapt to new industry realities and necessary market transformations. For that reason, three main strategies were presented addressing the most recent challenges such as artificial intelligence, machine translation and data strategy. The results of this study mostly address German legal market and German legal translation market but can be used for further research i