Download or read book Assessing Psychosocial Cultural and System level Barriers to Colorectal Cancer Screening Among African Americans written by Marcie Squirewell Wright and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Testing a Socio cultural Model of Colorectal Cancer Screening Among African Americans written by Jason Q. Purnell and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death for African Americans, but screening consistent with American Cancer Society guidelines remains underutilized. Many of the theoretical models currently used to explain preventive health behavior do not include social and cultural factors relevant to this population, such as adoption of mainstream cultural norms (acculturation), mistrust of health care systems, group-level perceptions of susceptibility, and social support. The purpose of this study is to test a sociocultural model of intention to be screened for colorectal cancer among African Americans. The model proposes that sociodemographic variables, social support, socio-cultural factors, and perceived susceptibility are all predictors of the intention to undergo colorectal cancer screening for African Americans. The relationship between this set of variables and intentions is mediated by the perceived barriers and perceived benefits of screening. Data are presented on a sample of 198 African Americans recruited from churches, places of employment, and social/civic organizations in two large Midwestern cities. Structural equation modeling (LISREL) was used to test the model. The model exhibited good fit (RMSEA = .061) and socio-cultural variables added significantly to the prediction of intention to screen for colorectal cancer with perceived benefits and barriers as mediators. Specifically, individuals with more traditional acculturative strategies, less medical mistrust, and more perceived group susceptibility reported more intention to be screened as a function of greater perception of benefits of screening. Younger individuals and those with greater access to health care also reported more intention as a function of less perceived barriers to screening. However, socioeconomic status, social support, and individual susceptibility did not have significant indirect effects through benefits and barriers. Post-hoc analyses examining the model in greater detail and testing interactions among socio-cultural predictors are presented along with information on the sample's knowledge and past utilization of colorectal cancer screening. These results are discussed with reference to their implications for future research and interventions addressing African American colorectal cancer screening.
Download or read book Implementing Colorectal Cancer Screening written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-12-01 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IOM's National Cancer Policy Board estimated in 2003 that even modest efforts to implement known tactics for cancer prevention and early detection could result in up to a 29 percent drop in cancer deaths in about 20 years. The IOM's National Cancer Policy Forum, which succeeded the Board after it was disbanded in 2005, continued the Board's work to outline ways to increase screening in the U.S. On February 25 and 26, 2008, the Forum convened a workshop to discuss screening for colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer screening remains low, despite strong evidence that screening prevents deaths. With the aim to make recommended colorectal cancer screening more widespread, the workshop discussed steps to be taken at the clinic, community, and health system levels. Workshop speakers, representing a broad spectrum of leaders in the field, identified major barriers to increased screening and described strategies to overcome these obstacles. This workshop summary highlights the information presented, as well as the subsequent discussion about actions needed to increase colorectal screening and, ultimately, to prevent more colorectal cancer deaths.
Download or read book Gender Differences in Barriers to Colorectal Cancer Screening Among African American Adults in the Mid South of United States written by Jason Robert Hodges and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. While overall CRC rates have been in decline since the 1960s, these declines are not observed equally across all racial/ethinc groups. Specifically, African Americans exhibit disparities in CRC incidence, stage of diagnosis, and survival. Additionally, African Americans have lower rates of CRC screening uptake when compared to Whites. This health protective behavior has been proven to lower CRC mortality, so it is paramount we understand barriers to engagement in CRC screening. The research literature provides some knowledge of commonly faced barriers, however, there is a gap in understanding the differences in barriers to screening as experienced among African American men and women who have never been screened for CRC. To explore these questions, a qualitative study design was used. A total of 32 African Americans, 17 men and 15 women, participates in a semi-structured interview to learn about potential gender differences in barriers to screening as well as to learn about any barriers not currently found in the literature. Findings resulted in the discovery of barriers experienced by African American men, which were linked to ideas of masculine identity and norms. These included: stigma and embarrassment, not engaging in preventative healthcare, and not believing in the preventability of cancer overall. African American women were more likely to identify health behaviors to prevent cancer, willing to undergo invasive medical procedures like a colonoscopy, and believe that cancer is preventable. Implications of these findings on CRC screening interventions as well as future research are also explored.
Download or read book Black white Disparities in Colorectal Cancer Incidence Screening and Outcomes written by Folasade Popoola May and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African Americans are disproportionately impacted by colorectal cancer (CRC) with higher incidence of disease, higher mortality from disease, and poorer disease survival. These disparities are likely the result of multiple factors, including a high prevalence of CRC risk factors, unfavorable tumor biology, and poor access to medical services among blacks. In addition, while national guidelines promote universal screening for CRC in all Americans, African Americans are less likely than white Americans to pursue screening. There is increasing emphasis in health services research to understand why CRC screening is underutilized in African Americans and to develop interventions that improve screening uptake in the racial subgroup. This dissertation consists of three distinct but related studies that explore black-white disparities in CRC incidence, screening, and outcomes in the United States. The first study evaluates trends in black-white disparities in CRC incidence and stage at diagnosis over the past four decades using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, & End Results (SEER) cancer registry database. Study two is a systematic review of the literature evaluating barriers to colonoscopic CRC screening in African Americans. Study three is a retrospective analysis to compare rates of colonoscopic screening in African Americans and non-African Americans and to identify patient-level, provider-level, and system-level factors associated with receipt and non-receipt of screening in a large Veteran Affairs Healthcare Network. The dissertation demonstrates that while disparities in both CRC incidence and late stage presentation have narrowed over the past four decades, an incidence gap persists. The findings highlight the success of CRC prevention and early detection tools that have come into use over the past three decades and emphasize a continued need for strategies to improve uptake of CRC screening in African Americans. In addition, the dissertation identifies several patient-, provider-, and system-level factors that hinder colonoscopic screening in blacks and contribute to the incidence disparity. While future efforts to address disparities in CRC incidence should focus on increasing the use of screening endoscopy among African Americans to reduce disease incidence, we must not rely on colonoscopic screening alone to decrease the overall burden of CRC on blacks. By determining programs, policy, and interventions to reduce lifestyle risk factors for CRC and optimize use of both preventive and early detection screening methods in varied clinical settings, we can further reduce black-white disparities in CRC incidence, screening, and outcomes.
Download or read book Health Beliefs Knowledge and Perceived Barriers of Colorectal Cancer Screening Practices Among African Americans written by Cheryl Larkin Logan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research indicates that African Americans have the highest death rate and shortest survival rate of any ethnic or racial group in the Unites States for most cancers. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed in men and women. The literature reveals that the primary cause of higher mortality and incidence rates is the lack of participation in colorectal cancer screening activities. This descriptive study examined the health beliefs, knowledge, and perceived barriers of colorectal cancer screening practices among African Americans. Using the Health Belief Model as the theoretical framework, and Champion's Health Belief Model scale, information regarding the health beliefs, knowledge, and perceived barriers of colorectal cancer screening among 13 African American men and women living in western North Carolina was obtained. The results of this study indicate that the majority of African Americans participated in sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy colorectal cancer screening and were knowledgeable about when this type of screening needs to begin and how often it should occur. Future research should be conducted replicating this study using a larger, representative sample in order to understand the relationship between colorectal knowledge and screening practices among African Americans. The aim is to increase colorectal cancer screening among African Americans and ultimately decrease the rate of mortality from this cancer.
Download or read book Colorectal Cancer Screening and Young African American Men written by Charles Ray Rogers and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of cancers affecting both men and women, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cancer to kill African Americans in the U.S. Compared to White men, African-American men have CRC incidence and mortality rates 20% and 45% higher, respectively. Owing to CRC's high incidence and younger age at presentation among African-American men, CRC screening (CRCS) is warranted at age 45 rather than 50. Yet, most studies have focused on men older than 45. The findings of these studies suggest that CRC survival is inversely related to early detection, and advocate the continued need for development, testing, and translating prevention interventions into increase screening behavior. Hence, the two-fold purpose of this study was to (1) conduct a systematic review of the professional literature to assess African-American men's knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors regarding CRCS; and (2) assess the knowledge, attitudes, male role norms, perceptions of subjective norms, and perceptions of barriers associated with CRCS among young adult African-American men (ages 19-45) employing survey research methodology. Utilizing Garrard's Matrix Method, the systematic literature review synthesized 28 studies examining African-American men's knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors regarding CRCS. Six factors emerged as associated with CRCS intentions and behaviors: previous CRCS, CRC test preference, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, CRC/CRCS knowledge, and physician support/recommendation. In addition, the mean methodological quality score of 10.9 indicated these studies were, overall, of medium quality and suffered from specific flaws. The second component of this study -- an on-line survey questionnaire -- described the male role norms, knowledge, attitudes, perceived subjective norms, and perceived barriers associated with screening for CRC among a non-random sample of 157 young adult African-American men. Ultimately, family history of cancer, work status, and perceived barriers were the critical factors associated with attitudes in all of our models/analyses. Of these, perceived barriers are the only factors amenable to change through health education efforts. Because this study was narrowly-focused on a specific group of African Americans, it provides a solid basis for developing structured health education interventions to increase young adult African-American men's intention to screen for CRC. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151811
Download or read book Fulfilling the Potential of Cancer Prevention and Early Detection written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-07 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer ranks second only to heart disease as a leading cause of death in the United States, making it a tremendous burden in years of life lost, patient suffering, and economic costs. Fulfilling the Potential for Cancer Prevention and Early Detection reviews the proof that we can dramatically reduce cancer rates. The National Cancer Policy Board, part of the Institute of Medicine, outlines a national strategy to realize the promise of cancer prevention and early detection, including specific and wide-ranging recommendations. Offering a wealth of information and directly addressing major controversies, the book includes: A detailed look at how significantly cancer could be reduced through lifestyle changes, evaluating approaches used to alter eating, smoking, and exercise habits. An analysis of the intuitive notion that screening for cancer leads to improved health outcomes, including a discussion of screening methods, potential risks, and current recommendations. An examination of cancer prevention and control opportunities in primary health care delivery settings, including a review of interventions aimed at improving provider performance. Reviews of professional education and training programs, research trends and opportunities, and federal programs that support cancer prevention and early detection. This in-depth volume will be of interest to policy analysts, cancer and public health specialists, health care administrators and providers, researchers, insurers, medical journalists, and patient advocates.
Download or read book Improving Diagnosis in Health Care written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-12-29 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Getting the right diagnosis is a key aspect of health care - it provides an explanation of a patient's health problem and informs subsequent health care decisions. The diagnostic process is a complex, collaborative activity that involves clinical reasoning and information gathering to determine a patient's health problem. According to Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, diagnostic errors-inaccurate or delayed diagnoses-persist throughout all settings of care and continue to harm an unacceptable number of patients. It is likely that most people will experience at least one diagnostic error in their lifetime, sometimes with devastating consequences. Diagnostic errors may cause harm to patients by preventing or delaying appropriate treatment, providing unnecessary or harmful treatment, or resulting in psychological or financial repercussions. The committee concluded that improving the diagnostic process is not only possible, but also represents a moral, professional, and public health imperative. Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, a continuation of the landmark Institute of Medicine reports To Err Is Human (2000) and Crossing the Quality Chasm (2001), finds that diagnosis-and, in particular, the occurrence of diagnostic errorsâ€"has been largely unappreciated in efforts to improve the quality and safety of health care. Without a dedicated focus on improving diagnosis, diagnostic errors will likely worsen as the delivery of health care and the diagnostic process continue to increase in complexity. Just as the diagnostic process is a collaborative activity, improving diagnosis will require collaboration and a widespread commitment to change among health care professionals, health care organizations, patients and their families, researchers, and policy makers. The recommendations of Improving Diagnosis in Health Care contribute to the growing momentum for change in this crucial area of health care quality and safety.
Download or read book Tele oncology written by Giovanna Gatti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-09 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains how telemedicine can offer solutions capable of improving the care and survival rates of cancer patients and can also help patients to live a normal life in spite of their condition. Different fields of application – community, hospital and home based – are examined, and detailed attention is paid to the use of tele-oncology in rural/extreme rural settings and in developing countries. The impact of new technologies and the opportunities afforded by the social web are both discussed. The concluding chapters consider eLearning in relation to cancer care and assess the scope for education to improve prevention. No medical condition can shatter people’s lives as cancer does today and the need to develop strategies to reduce the disease burden and improve quality of life is paramount. Readers will find this new volume in Springer’s TELe Health series to be a rich source of information on the important contribution that can be made by telemedicine in achieving these goals.
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Download or read book Establishing Effective Patient Navigation Programs in Oncology written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-08-13 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Delivering high-quality cancer care to all patients presents numerous challenges, including difficulties with care coordination and access. Patient navigation is a community-based service delivery intervention designed to promote access to timely diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other chronic diseases by eliminating barriers to care, and has often been proposed and implemented to address these challenges. However, unresolved questions include where patient navigation programs should be deployed, and which patients should be prioritized to receive navigation services when resources are limited. To address these issues and facilitate discussion on how to improve navigation services for patients with cancer, the National Cancer Policy Forum of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop on November 13 and 14, 2017. At this workshop, a broad range of experts and stakeholders, including clinicians, navigators, researchers, and patients, explored which patients need navigation and who should serve as navigators, and the benefits of navigation and current gaps in the evidence base.
Download or read book Theory at a Glance written by Karen Glanz and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Unequal Treatment written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-02-06 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Racial and ethnic disparities in health care are known to reflect access to care and other issues that arise from differing socioeconomic conditions. There is, however, increasing evidence that even after such differences are accounted for, race and ethnicity remain significant predictors of the quality of health care received. In Unequal Treatment, a panel of experts documents this evidence and explores how persons of color experience the health care environment. The book examines how disparities in treatment may arise in health care systems and looks at aspects of the clinical encounter that may contribute to such disparities. Patients' and providers' attitudes, expectations, and behavior are analyzed. How to intervene? Unequal Treatment offers recommendations for improvements in medical care financing, allocation of care, availability of language translation, community-based care, and other arenas. The committee highlights the potential of cross-cultural education to improve provider-patient communication and offers a detailed look at how to integrate cross-cultural learning within the health professions. The book concludes with recommendations for data collection and research initiatives. Unequal Treatment will be vitally important to health care policymakers, administrators, providers, educators, and students as well as advocates for people of color.
Download or read book Clinical Case Studies for the Family Nurse Practitioner written by Leslie Neal-Boylan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-11-28 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical Case Studies for the Family Nurse Practitioner is a key resource for advanced practice nurses and graduate students seeking to test their skills in assessing, diagnosing, and managing cases in family and primary care. Composed of more than 70 cases ranging from common to unique, the book compiles years of experience from experts in the field. It is organized chronologically, presenting cases from neonatal to geriatric care in a standard approach built on the SOAP format. This includes differential diagnosis and a series of critical thinking questions ideal for self-assessment or classroom use.
Download or read book Cross cultural Medicine written by JudyAnn Bigby and published by ACP Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the United States population becomes increasingly diverse, the need for guidelines to assure competent healthcare among minorities becomes ever more urgent. Cross-Cultural Medicine provides important background information on various racial, ethnic, and cultural groups, their general health problems and risks, and spiritual and religious issues. Individual chapters are devoted to the special concerns of several groups: blacks and African Americans, Latinos, American Indians and Native Alaskans, Asian Americans, and Arab Americans and American Muslims. These chapters lay the foundation for exploring an individual's health beliefs and concerns in the context of his or her sociocultural experiences.
Download or read book Relieving Pain in America written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-10-26 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic pain costs the nation up to $635 billion each year in medical treatment and lost productivity. The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act required the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to enlist the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in examining pain as a public health problem. In this report, the IOM offers a blueprint for action in transforming prevention, care, education, and research, with the goal of providing relief for people with pain in America. To reach the vast multitude of people with various types of pain, the nation must adopt a population-level prevention and management strategy. The IOM recommends that HHS develop a comprehensive plan with specific goals, actions, and timeframes. Better data are needed to help shape efforts, especially on the groups of people currently underdiagnosed and undertreated, and the IOM encourages federal and state agencies and private organizations to accelerate the collection of data on pain incidence, prevalence, and treatments. Because pain varies from patient to patient, healthcare providers should increasingly aim at tailoring pain care to each person's experience, and self-management of pain should be promoted. In addition, because there are major gaps in knowledge about pain across health care and society alike, the IOM recommends that federal agencies and other stakeholders redesign education programs to bridge these gaps. Pain is a major driver for visits to physicians, a major reason for taking medications, a major cause of disability, and a key factor in quality of life and productivity. Given the burden of pain in human lives, dollars, and social consequences, relieving pain should be a national priority.
