Download or read book Assessing Pricing Strategies and Users Attitudes Towards Managed Lanes written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book China s Economy in the Post Wto Environment written by Lilai Xu and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2011-10-01 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China s Economy in the Post-WTO Environment comprises a set of concise and comprehensive chapters by leading specialists on the Chinese economy. The book explores the implications of both the extension of the market into key parts of the Chinese economy and the integration of China into the global economy. The main focus of the book is on the role and nature of China s financial system and its ability to transform enterprise and household behaviour and the performance of investment finance, notably in the context of a two-way flow of foreign direct investment. All the extensive chapters highlight the issue of sustainability some see the incompleteness of market reform as a problem; others are more willing to accept a pragmatic blending of the operation of the free market and government intervention. Containing up-to-the-minute data, this book will appeal to academic researchers who are engaged in research, as well as teaching and learning, in the fields of business studies, the Chinese economy, international business and Asia-Pacific economies. Academics and students in economics and business and business people who have an interest in China will also find much to interest them in this unique book.
Download or read book Assessing Highway Tolling and Pricing Options and Impacts written by Benjamin Gerry Perez and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2012 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 722: Assessing Highway Tolling and Pricing Options and Impacts provides state departments of transportation (DOTs) and other transportation agencies with a decision-making framework and analytical tools that describe likely impacts on revenue generation and system performance resulting from instituting or modifying user-based fees or tolling on segments of their highway system. Volume 2: Travel Demand Forecasting Tools provides an in-depth examination of the various analytical tools for direct or adapted use that are available to help develop the forecasts of potential revenue, transportation demand, and congestion and system performance based on tolling or pricing changes. Volume 1: Decision-Making Framework includes information on a decision-making framework that may be applied to a variety of scenarios in order to understand the potential impacts of tolling and pricing on the performance of the transportation system, and on the potential to generate revenue to pay for system improvements"--Publication information.
Download or read book Enhancement and Evaluation of Dynamic Pricing Strategies of Managed Toll Lanes written by Dimitra Michalaka and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Then, the tolling practice for the multi-segment HOT lane facilities is outlined and recommendations for the future 95 Express, which will be expanded into a multi-segment facility, are made. This research also includes the enhancement of a microscopic simulation tool, CORSIM, to simulate HOT lane operations. Three main modeling components are developed, including three pricing strategies, a lane-choice module, and four toll structures for multi-segment HOT facilities. The enhanced software is demonstrated by simulating the current and future 95Express. The result is that CORSIM enhancements are able to capture the primary characteristics of HOT lane operations and management.
Download or read book HOV User Survey written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparative Analysis of Dynamic Pricing Strategies for Managed Lanes 2012 089S written by Jorge Andrés Laval and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comprehensive Assessment of Managed Lane Performance and Characteristics written by Chih-Lin Chung and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managed lanes, specifically for high occupancy vehicle (HOV) and high occupancy and toll (HOT) lanes, face such undiscovered issues as their performance regarding speed dispersion, equilibrium relationships with general purpose (GP) lanes in terms of speed and level of service, and joint effects of managed lane policies like eligibility, access control, and pricing. The goal of this dissertation is to provide theoretical and practical procedures of managed lane operation assessment under four modules. The first module correlates speed dispersion with the fundamental traffic flow parameters. It reveals that coefficients of variation of speed for HOV and GP lanes are exponential with occupancy, negative exponential with space mean speed, and two-phase linear to flow. The second module proposes two speed equilibrium schemes for HOV and GP lanes. The schemes present distinct speed pairs by congestion level, but speed of HOV lanes is identically ensured no less than GP lanes. The second module also develops an HOT scheme that adopts value of time and value of reliability to formulate HOT tolls with respect to speed of GP lanes. The third module identifies lane management and congestion hot spots by contrasting the level of service of managed lanes and GP lanes in deterministic and stochastic ways. The case study indicates that lane management hot spots are spatially and temporally dynamic, and a non-hot spot less likely turns to congestion without being a lane management hot spot as transition, or vise versa. The last module develops two macroscopic approaches to screening the policy combination set of managed lanes. The optimal/non-inferior policies for non-eliminated combinations are verified by multi-objective binary integer linear programming.
Download or read book Evaluation and Performance Measurement of Congestion Pricing Projects written by Benjamin Gerry Perez and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2011 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "These guidelines are intended for transportation practitioners involved in the planning, design, and operation of congestion-pricing projects. They will help agencies select or develop measures to evaluate these projects, collect the necessary data, track performance, and communicate the results to decision makers, users, and the general public. These guidelines will be valuable to all agencies who are using or considering congestion pricing to manage their roadway capacity."--Foreword.
Download or read book Policy Options Evaluation Tool for Managed Lanes POET ML Users Guide and Methodology Description written by Andrew Smith and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "User's guide for a sketch planning tool for exploring policy alternatives. It is intended for an audience of transportation professionals responsible for planning, designing, funding, operating, enforcing, monitoring, and managing HOV and HOT lanes, and considering conversion of HOV to HOT lanes"--Technical report documentation page.
Download or read book Estimating Revenues Using a Toll Viability Screening Tool written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Feasibility of Priority Lane Pricing on the KATY HOV Lane written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the circumstances under which congestion pricing of an HOV lane might be appropriate, as well as the operational, legal, and public acceptance issues that bear on feasibility. Use of the I-10 (Katy Freeway) HOV lane is restricted to vehicles with three or more occupants (HOV3+) during the peak hours daily because the original HOV2+ eligibility produced demands approaching capacity and thus significant loss in operating speeds. However, the HOV3+ restriction results in significant excess capacity. In order to move more people during the peaks, METRO and TxDOT are considering allowing HOV2s to "Buy-in." The feasibility analysis shows that there is adequate capacity for up to 600 HOV2s during each peak period. Legal feasibility rested on three issues: 1) authority to toll, 2) authority to enforce, and 3) ability to receive revenues. Critical steps for achieving public acceptance include: 1) understanding historic public feedback nationally, 2) understanding local opinions (both users and general public), 3) developing a public education/information campaign, and 4) developing support among local officials. The approach to establish a pricing policy in Houston involved the following: 1) develop the pricing objectives, 2) determine relevant local mobility prices and related tolling practices, and 3) establish an initial strategy and setting an adjustment policy. The feasibility research has been completed and implementation plan prepared. The transit authority board and the state transportation commission have voted to proceed with a one-year trial beginning in 1997.
Download or read book Federal Highway Administration Business Planning Process Strategic Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dynamic Pricing and Long term Planning Models for Managed Lanes with Multiple Entrances and Exits written by Venktesh Pandey and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Express lanes or priced managed lanes provide a reliable alternative to travelers by charging dynamic tolls in exchange for traveling on lanes with no congestion. These lanes have various locations of entrances and exits and allow travelers to adapt their route based on the toll and travel time information received at a toll gantry. In this dissertation, we incorporate this adaptive lane choice behavior in improving the dynamic pricing and long-term planning models for managed lanes with multiple entrances and exits. Lane choice of travelers minimizing their disutility is affected by the real-time information about tolls and travel time through variable message signs and perceived information from past experiences. In this dissertation, we compare various adaptive lane choice models differing in their reliance on real-time information or historic information or both. We propose a decision route lane choice model that efficiently compares the disutility over multiple routes on an express lane. Assuming drivers’ disutility is only affected by tolls and travel times, we show that the decision route model generates only up to 0.93% error in expected costs compared to the optimal adaptive lane choice model, making it a suitable choice for modeling lane choice of travelers. Next, using the decision route lane choice framework, we improve the current dynamic pricing models for express lanes that commonly ignore adaptive lane choice, assume simplified traffic dynamics, and/or are based on simplified heuristics. Formulating the dynamic pricing problem as an MDP, we optimize the tolls for various objectives including maximizing revenue and minimizing total system travel time (TSTT). Three solution algorithms are evaluated: (a) an algorithm based on value-function approximation, (b) a multiagent reinforcement learning algorithm with decentralized tolling at each gantry, and (c) a deep reinforcement learning assuming partial observability of traffic state. These algorithms are shown to outperform other heuristics such as feedback control heuristics by generating up to 10% higher revenues and up to 9% lower delays. Our findings also reveal that the revenue-maximizing optimal policies follow a “jam-and-harvest” behavior where the toll-free lanes are pushed towards congestion in the earlier time steps to generate higher revenue later, a characteristic not observed for the policies minimizing TSTT. We use reward shaping methods to overcome the undesired behavior of toll policies and confirm transferability of the algorithms to new input domains. We also offer recommendations on real-time implementations of pricing algorithms based on solving MDPs. Last, we incorporate adaptive lane choice in existing long-term planning models for express lanes which commonly represent these lanes as fixed-toll facilities and ignore en route adaptation of lane choices. Defining the improved model as an equilibrium over adaptive lane choices of self-optimizing travelers and formulating it as a convex program, we show that long-term traffic forecasts can be underestimated by up to 45% if adaptive route choice is ignored. For solving the equilibrium, we develop a gradient-projection algorithm which is shown to be efficient than existing link-state algorithms in the literature. Additionally, we estimate the sensitivity of equilibrium expected costs with demand variation by formulating it as a convex program solved using a variant of the gradient projection algorithm proposed earlier. This analysis simplifies a complex express lane network as a single directed link, allowing integration of adaptive lane choice for planning of express lanes without significantly altering the components of traditional planning models. Overall these models improve the state-of-the-art of pricing and planning for managed lanes useful for evaluating future express lane projects and for operations of express lanes with multiple objectives
Download or read book Enhancing Managed Lanes Equity Analysis written by Frank Douma and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Planning and environmental studies involving managed lanes still have difficulty determining how to effectively evaluate project alternatives from an equity perspective. To most people, “equity” is ubiquitous with income, but this is a narrow focus that limits the scope of what can be considered equity, and indeed this can be true when it comes to managed lanes. As the Minnesota Department of Transportation analyzes the expansion of E-ZPass corridors, it is imperative it evaluates project alternatives from an equity perspective. The results of this study suggest that E-ZPass lane users are more racially diverse than users in the travelsheds. In two out of the four E-ZPass lane corridors, a higher proportion of E-ZPass lane users have household incomes below $100,000 compared to the travelsheds. Overall, there is a lower percentage of people with disabilities among E-ZPass lane users than those in the travelsheds. These results are driven by the makeup of E-ZPass lane users. In addition, this research project demonstrates the feasibility of incorporating quantitative and qualitative equity measures into the alternatives analysis process. The demonstration shows that the quantitative measures are all feasible with existing tools, provide meaningful information to the alternatives analysis process, and can be put into practice immediately.
Download or read book Public Roads written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Congestion Pricing in Traffic Control written by Marco D. Sheehan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congestion costs highway users billions of dollars every year. Although policymakers have adopted a variety of strategies for reducing or mitigating congestion, relatively little attention has been paid to policies to promote more efficient use of the highway system. One such policy is congestion pricing, under which drivers are charged a higher price for use of a highway at times or places with heavy traffic and a lower price in the opposite circumstances. This book explains how congestion pricing works, reviews the best available evidence on projects that make use of such pricing in order to assess the benefits and challenges of the approach, and discusses federal policy options for encouraging congestion pricing. Congestion pricing also can be linked to strategies to improve mobility by making alternatives to the private automobile, such as subways, buses or commuter rail service, more attractive during peak periods. The revenues generated by such pricing have sometimes been used to pay for improvements in public transportation systems. This book consists of public documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.
Download or read book Financing Our Nation s Roads written by United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
