Download or read book Aspects of the Social Behavior of the Coyote Canis Latrans written by Marjorie Lynn Sonntag and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Behavior and Genetic Aspects of Boldness and Aggression in Urban Coyotes Canis Latrans written by Ashley M. Wurth and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animals exhibit behaviors that may differ based on factors such as learning, social cues, the environment, and genetics. Coyotes are a large carnivore that inhabit the spectrum from rural to highly developed landscapes and have a tumultuous relationship with humans. To increase coexistence and decrease human-coyote conflict, it is important to analyze how urbanization may influence coyote behavior and genetics, and ultimately, coyote relationships with humans. My dissertation examines coyote genetics and behavior across a variety of urbanization levels in Illinois, from rural to the urban core of Chicago from 2014-2018. Through genotyping regions or specific SNPs associated with behavior (particularly boldness and aggression) in other species including the domestic dog, I first detected genetic polymorphisms in the coyote in these regions and then tested for differences in genotypic frequency based on landscape type. Through trapping coyotes in the Chicago Metropolitan Area, I studied behavioral actions across six contexts and tested for a relationship between boldness and aggression. Finally, I tested for correlations between behavior and genetic polymorphisms. I found 34 potential SNP locations in the dog and/or coyotes, with 11 SNPs only found in the coyote and 7 only found in the dog. In landscape analysis, 9 of the 21 polymorphic SNPs and 1 of 2 microsatellites had genotypic frequencies that varied based on urbanization level. Coyotes exhibited varying behavioral actions within behavioral contexts with low boldness and aggression scores across all contexts and measures. For individuals that we were able to recapture (n = 14), boldness was repeatable but aggression had low repeatability and varied between contexts. Urban individuals were more likely to be bold and more likely to be aggressive. However, we did not find support for a single behavioral syndrome that underlies boldness and aggression, as there was no linear relationship between boldness and aggression. We found 9 SNPs and 1 microsatellite correlated with boldness and/or aggression measures, with 2 of these markers also correlated with behavior in dogs. Overall, coyotes had polymorphism within behavioral regions and exhibited various behaviors with frequencies that differed based on landscape type. Therefore, coyote boldness and aggression may be under genetic control with urban conditions acting as a selective pressure.
Download or read book The Effects of Social Status and Learning on Captive Coyote Canis Latrans Behavior written by Lynne Barbara Gilbert-Norton and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many canids live within hierarchical social systems that could promote differences in learning or in behavior between ranked individuals. Differences in foraging and territorial behavior have been observed between ranked coyotes (Canis latrans), yet effects of learning and social status on coyote behavior are not thoroughly understood. I explored a) coyote response to an artificial scent boundary and whether response differed by status, b) how foraging coyotes tracked temporal resource change, and c) how coyotes find spatially distributed food, and the effect of dominance on foraging behavior. I used male/female pairs of captive coyotes at the National Wildlife Research Center Predator Research Facility in Utah. Prior to testing, I identified social rank within pairs by testing for food dominance. In study 1, I laid a scent boundary and monitored space use with GPS and observed behavioral responses directly. All coyotes investigated and crossed the boundary, but were repelled more by human presence. Subordinates investigated and marked the boundary more than dominants. Further investigation is needed to mimic natural boundaries for management purposes. In study 2, I gave eight individual coyotes an operant test with concurrent variable interval (VI) schedules. I varied the ratio of resources and measured the time spent on two choices, then fitted the generalized matching equation to the data. I found that all coyotes efficiently tracked changes in resource ratios and matched their relative rate of foraging time to relative rate of resources. Matching theory provides an effective methodology to explore foraging strategies and behavioral flexibility in coyotes. In study 3, I tested 16 coyotes in a spatial foraging task. Coyotes searched for food in eight potential locations, and were tested individually and in respective pairs. I recorded the area and number of locations searched, approach time, and frequency of marking by dominant and subordinate coyotes. Results showed individual subordinates increased efficiency by relocating, but their efficiency decreased when foraging in pairs. Dominant coyotes did not increase efficiency in company by following subordinates. Coyotes marked the correct feeder more than incorrect feeders. Results suggest coyotes use memory and odor (scent marks) to find food, but that social status overrules information use.
Download or read book Coyotes written by Marc Bekoff and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1978, this text pulls together much disparate research in coyote evolution, taxonomy, reproduction, communication, behavioral development, population dynamics, and ecological studies in the Southwest, Minnesota, Iowa, New England, and Wyoming. (Animals/Pets)
Download or read book Ecology and Conservation of Birds in Urban Environments written by Enrique Murgui and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-10 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides syntheses of ecological theories and overarching patterns of urban bird ecology that have only recently become available. The numerous habitats represented in this book ranges from rows of trees in wooded alleys, to wastelands and remnants of natural habitats encapsulated in the urban matrix. Authored by leading scientists in this emergent field, the chapters explore how the characteristics of the habitat in urban environments influence bird communities and populations at multiple levels of ecological organization and at different spatial and temporal scales, and how this information should be incorporated in urban planning to achieve an effective conservation of bird fauna in urban environments. Birds are among the most conspicuous and fascinating residents of urban neighborhoods and provide urban citizens with everyday wildlife contact all over the world. However, present urbanization trends are rapidly depleting their habitats, and thus knowledge of urban bird ecology is urgently needed if birds are to thrive in cities. The book is unique in its inclusion of examples from all continents (except Antarctica) in an effort to arrive at a more holistic perspective. Among other issues, the individual chapters address the censusing of birds in urban green spaces; the relationship between bird communities and the structure of urban green spaces; the role of exotic plant species as food sources for urban bird fauna; the influence of artificial light and pollutants on bird fauna; trends in long-term urban bird research, and transdisciplinary studies on bird sounds and their effects on humans. Several chapters investigate how our current knowledge of the ecology of urban bird fauna should be applied in order to achieve better management of urban habitats so as to achieve conservation of species or even increase species diversity. The book also provides a forward-looking summary on potential research directions. As such, it provides a valuable resource for urban ecologists, urban ecology students, landscape architects, city planners, decision makers and anyone with an interest in urban ornithology and bird conservation. Moreover, it provides a comprehensive overview for researchers in the fields of ecology and conservation of urban bird fauna.
Download or read book Dispersal Ecology and Evolution written by Jean Clobert and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-09-27 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now that so many ecosystems face rapid and major environmental change, the ability of species to respond to these changes by dispersing or moving between different patches of habitat can be crucial to ensuring their survival. Understanding dispersal has become key to understanding how populations may persist. Dispersal Ecology and Evolution provides a timely and wide-ranging overview of the fast expanding field of dispersal ecology, incorporating the very latest research. The causes, mechanisms, and consequences of dispersal at the individual, population, species, and community levels are considered. Perspectives and insights are offered from the fields of evolution, behavioural ecology, conservation biology, and genetics. Throughout the book theoretical approaches are combined with empirical data, and care has been taken to include examples from as wide a range of species as possible - both plant and animal.
Download or read book Bibliography on the Control and Management of the Coyote and Related Canids with Selected References on Animal Physiology Behaviour Control Methods and Reproduction written by E. H. Dolnick and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Boldness Behavior and Chronic Stress in Free ranging Urban Coyotes Canis Latrans written by Katie E. Robertson and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wildlife have responded to urbanization in a variety of ways. While some species have been displaced from developed areas, others have learned to tolerate and even thrive in anthropogenic landscapes. Even within a single species, there are inter-individual variations in behavior. Such variations are sometimes attributed to the presence of behavioral syndromes (i.e., suites of correlated behaviors in response to a common stimuli). Behavioral syndromes imply that while a population may contain variations in behavior, each individual has a limited amount of behavioral plasticity. If individuals consistently respond to stressors in a particular manner and some responses are more beneficial than others, the environment may influence which behavioral tendencies dominate in a given location. One commonly-studied set of behavioral syndromes are those associated with the bold-shy spectrum. Bolder individuals are typically defined as being more risk-prone, more exploratory, less neophobic, and less sensitive to stressors. In urban environments, high levels of disturbance, increased human activity, and large quantities of novel items may favor bolder, less anxious individuals over shy individuals. If that is the case, one would expect to find a greater proportion of bold individuals in areas with increased development. Using the Greater Chicago Metropolitan Area as a case study location, we conducted flight initiation distance (FID) tests (n= 78) and novel object tests (n=50) on free-ranging coyotes from 2015-2017. Additionally, hair cortisol concentrations (n= 198) were measured from coyote hair samples that were collected from 2014-2018. We found that coyotes in more developed locations tended to have lower FIDs, behave less cautiously around novel objects, and show slightly higher hair cortisol concentrations than coyotes in more natural settings. Flight initiation distances were consistent across trials for individuals who were tested more than once (n= 18) and coyote responses to two different novel objects (i.e., a garden gnome and a ring stacker toy) were similar, thus providing further evidence that individuals may be predisposed to behave in a particular way each time they are presented with a similar stimulus. The relationship between hair cortisol concentration and behavioral measures was not clear. In addition to urbanization level, coyote social status, health condition, and age were significant predictors of hair cortisol concentration. The findings from this study may have ecological and management implications, as they do imply that human activity and development may be indirectly altering coyote boldness behavior and cortisol production. If coyotes are becoming bolder, their increased tolerance of human activities could lead to increased human-wildlife encounters and more difficulties managing nuisance individuals. Further studies are needed to determine what mechanisms led to the observed differences in coyote boldness across the urbanization gradient (i.e., Are bold individuals the ones that are colonizing urban areas first, do they have higher fitness levels in urban areas and thus are selected for by the environment, or are individual coyotes simply habituating to human disturbance over time?). Additional studies are also needed to determine if the patterns we observed in Chicago’s coyotes are similar to those found in other species and/or in other major metropolitan areas.
Download or read book Development of Vocal Behavior in the Coyote Canis Latrans written by Christine Stewart-Marks and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies the activity pattern and vocal pattern development of two groups of coyote pups (Canis latrans). One group was allowed to remain with parents; the other group was removed from the den at birth.
Download or read book Coyote America written by Dan Flores and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2016-06-07 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New York Times best-selling account of how coyotes--long the target of an extermination policy--spread to every corner of the United States Finalist for the PEN/E.O. Wilson Literary Science Writing Award "A masterly synthesis of scientific research and personal observation." -Wall Street Journal Legends don't come close to capturing the incredible story of the coyote. In the face of centuries of campaigns of annihilation employing gases, helicopters, and engineered epidemics, coyotes didn't just survive, they thrived, expanding across the continent from Alaska to New York. In the war between humans and coyotes, coyotes have won, hands-down. Coyote America is the illuminating five-million-year biography of this extraordinary animal, from its origins to its apotheosis. It is one of the great epics of our time.
Download or read book General Activity and Maintenance Behavior of Coyotes in Captivity written by Leonard Waldemar Mottus and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: General activity and maintenance behavior of six captive coyotes (Canis latrans) was studied near Edmonton, Alberta. The general activity was associated with several meteorological elements. The animals were diurnal in their activity pattern, with the peak of activity occurring shortly after dawn. The highest levels of activity occurred at 30 to 60°F, low relative humidity, and low barometric pressure, with pressure influencing activity the most. Winds of less than 14 miles per hour stimulated activity, while winds of more than 14 miles per hour reduced activity, especially if accompanied by a falling pressure. The possibility of a lunar influence on barometric pressure and general activity was also discussed. Maintenance as a non-social behavior exhibited by coyotes in captivity was studied primarily in one litter (two males and one female). Meteorological elements appeared to be of secondary importance in the location of the bed site, with the structural characteristics of the cage being most important. The behavior associated with lying down was discussed. The significance of scratching, biting, and licking was presented. No seIf-grooming patterns of rubbing or rolling were observed. Elimination in captivity appeared to occur at a reduced frequency, probably because of the lack of novelty in the cage. Pre-elimination exploration suggests that both sexes are involved in scent marking. The postures of elimination are similar to those of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris), although the males never displayed the leg-lifting posture of urination. Urination sites appeared to be randomly distributed, while defecation sites appeared to be located away from the bed site.
Download or read book Reproductive Biology of the Coyote Canis Latrans written by Debra Anne Carlson and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wild Canis species possess a unique suite of reproductive traits including social monogamy, copulatory lock/tie, and biparental care. Females are seasonally monestrous and experience an obligatory pseudopregnancy after spontaneous ovulation. While these characteristics have been ascribed to coyotes, an integrated profile of coyote behavior and physiology has not yet been described. In this study, temporal correlations between steroid hormone levels and socio-sexual mating behaviors were documented, as were changes in vaginal epithelium. Pseudopregnancy was compared to pregnancy by contrasting hormone (progesterone, estradiol, prolactin and relaxin) profiles of unmated females to patterns obtained in alternate years when they bred. Meanwhile, social interactions between pseudopregnant females and their mates appeared similar to pregnant coyotes, suggesting a proximate role of pseudopregnancy in pair-bond enforcement. Finally, out-of-season stimulation of ovarian hormones and estrous behaviors suggested that reproductive seasonality of the coyote may possess some degree of plasticity, providing an adaptive response mechanism to environmental change.
Download or read book Suburban Howls written by Jonathan G Way and published by . This book was released on 2014-06 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the experiences and findings of a biologist studying eastern coyote ecology and behavior in urbanized eastern Massachusetts. It is written in layman's language and weaves in research results with personal experiences to give a fuller picture understand canid ecology and behavior while making it easy to read
Download or read book Canids of the World written by José R. Castelló and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-09-11 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most complete and user-friendly photographic field guide to the world’s canids This stunningly illustrated and easy-to-use field guide covers every species of the world’s canids, from the Gray Wolf of North America to the dholes of Asia, from African jackals to the South American Bush Dog. It features more than 150 superb color plates depicting every kind of canid and detailed facing-page species accounts that describe key identification features, morphology, distribution, subspeciation, habitat, and conservation status in the wild. The book also includes distribution maps and tips on where to observe each species, making Canids of the World the most comprehensive and user-friendly guide to these intriguing and spectacular mammals. Covers every species and subspecies of canid Features more than 150 color plates with more than 600 photos from around the globe Depicts species in similar poses for quick and easy comparisons Describes key identification features, habitat, behavior, reproduction, and much more Draws on the latest taxonomic research Includes distribution maps and tips on where to observe each species The ideal field companion and a delight for armchair naturalists
Download or read book Effect of Housing Type on Captive Coyote Canis Latrans Behavior and Physiology written by Stacey P. Brummer and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Wild Canids written by Michael W. Fox and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reprint of: New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, c1975. -- (Behavioral science series)
Download or read book Analysis of Wildlife Radio Tracking Data written by Gary C. White and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the substantial advances in the miniaturization of electronic components, wildlife biologists now routinely monitor the movements of free-ranging animals with radio-tracking devices. This book explicates the many analytical techniques and computer programs available to extract biological information from the radio tracking data. - Presentation of software programs for solving specific problems - Design of radio-tracking studies - Mechanics of data collection - Estimation of position by triangulation - Graphic presentation of animal migration, dispersal, fidelity, and association - Home range estimation, habitat utilization, and estimation of survival rates and population size
