Download or read book Aspects of the Grammar and Lexica of Artificial Languages written by Alan Libert and published by Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book treats various areas of the phonetics, orthography, morphology, syntax, and lexica of artificial languages in an effort to determine what features such languages have in common, and how they differ. Among the topics dealt with are affricates, digraphs, stress, plural formation, demonstratives, prepositional case assignment, color terms, terms for beverages, and terms for meteorological phenomena. Data from many artificial languages, gathered from both primary and secondary sources, are presented in an attempt to give a picture of tendencies among them. The comparative examination of the languages considered in this book demonstrates that artificial languages are relatively uniform in some phonological aspects (e.g. nasals and affricates) while they show a considerable degree of variation in relation to some morphological categories (e.g. demonstratives and plurals). With regard to vocabulary from various lexical fields, in addition to the expected differences among a priori languages, different degrees of uniformity were found among a posteriori and mixed languages with respect to lexemes with particular meanings.
Download or read book Information On Artificial Languages written by Reed Rewerts and published by . This book was released on 2021-07-08 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book shares interesting information about languages created and used in films or literature. The author provides vocabulary, grammatical features, background information about the language and its inventor, and fascinating facts. Plus he's got an easy tutorial that shows you how to build your own make-up language - everything from building vocabulary to creating grammar.
Download or read book Lexical Functional Grammar written by Kersti Börjars and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-20 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A step-by-step introduction to lexical-functional grammar, using data from English and a range of typologically diverse languages.
Download or read book The Formal Complexity of Natural Language written by W.J. Savitch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever since Chomsky laid the framework for a mathematically formal theory of syntax, two classes of formal models have held wide appeal. The finite state model offered simplicity. At the opposite extreme numerous very powerful models, most notable transformational grammar, offered generality. As soon as this mathematical framework was laid, devastating arguments were given by Chomsky and others indicating that the finite state model was woefully inadequate for the syntax of natural language. In response, the completely general transformational grammar model was advanced as a suitable vehicle for capturing the description of natural language syntax. While transformational grammar seems likely to be adequate to the task, many researchers have advanced the argument that it is "too adequate. " A now classic result of Peters and Ritchie shows that the model of transformational grammar given in Chomsky's Aspects [IJ is powerful indeed. So powerful as to allow it to describe any recursively enumerable set. In other words it can describe the syntax of any language that is describable by any algorithmic process whatsoever. This situation led many researchers to reasses the claim that natural languages are included in the class of transformational grammar languages. The conclu sion that many reached is that the claim is void of content, since, in their view, it says little more than that natural language syntax is doable algo rithmically and, in the framework of modern linguistics, psychology or neuroscience, that is axiomatic.
Download or read book The Grammar of Interactional Language written by Martina Wiltschko and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-17 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional grammar and current theoretical approaches towards modelling grammatical knowledge ignore language in interaction: that is, words such as huh, eh, yup or yessssss. This groundbreaking book addresses this gap by providing the first in-depth overview of approaches towards interactional language across different frameworks and linguistic sub-disciplines. Based on the insights that emerge, a formal framework is developed to discover and compare language in interaction across different languages: the interactional spine hypothesis. Two case-studies are presented: confirmationals (such as eh and huh) and response markers (such as yes and no), both of which show evidence for systematic grammatical knowledge. Assuming that language in interaction is regulated by grammatical knowledge sheds new light on old questions concerning the relation between language and thought and the relation between language and communication. It is essential reading for anyone interested in the relation between language, cognition and social interaction.
Download or read book Learning Artificial Languages written by Angela Carpenter and published by VDM Publishing. This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If Universal Grammar (UG) can aid adult second language acquisition an important question arises: are linguistic principles that are not active in the native language also accessible to second language learners? This question of adult accessibility to UG is addressed by investigating whether a specific phonological principle that does not exist in the subjects' native language is accessible to adult learners. Artificial languages were constructed to compare the acquisition of a stress system that follows a natural phonological principle with one that is almost identical to the same principle, but differs in one feature, thus making it an "unnatural" system. If second language learners have access to innate universal linguistic principles they should be better able to learn the natural rule over the unnatural one. The positive results lend support to the idea of adult second language learners having access to UG. This book should be of interest to educators and researchers in the fields of artificial language learning, second language acquisition and phonological stress or those with a general interest in laboratory phonology.
Download or read book Logic Grammars written by Harvey Abramson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Logic grammars have found wide application both in natural language processing and in formal applications such as compiler writing. This book introduces the main concepts involving natural and formal language processing in logic programming, and discusses typical problems which the reader may encounter, proposing various methods for solving them. The basic material is presented in depth; advanced material, involving new logic grammar formalisms and applications, is presented with a view towards breadth. Major sections of the book include: grammars for formal language and linguistic research, writing a simple logic grammar, different types of logic grammars, applications, and logic grammars and concurrency. This book is intended for those interested in logic programming, artificial intelligence, computational linguistics, Fifth Generation computing, formal languages and compiling techniques. It may be read profitably by upper-level undergraduates, post-graduate students, and active researchers on the above-named areas. Some familiarity with Prolog and logic programming would be helpful; the authors, however, briefly describe Prolog and its relation to logic grammars. After reading Logic Grammars, the reader will be able to cope with the ever-increasing literature of this new and exciting field.
Download or read book Representation and Derivation in the Theory of Grammar written by H. Haider and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1991-03-31 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Derivation or Representation? Hubert Haider & Klaus Netter 1 The Issue Derivation and Representation - these keywords refer both to a conceptual as well as to an empirical issue. Transformational grammar was in its outset (Chomsky 1957, 1975) a derivational theory which characterized a well-formed sentence by its derivation, i.e. a set of syntactic representations defined by a set of rules that map one representation into another. The set of mapping rules, the transformations, eventually became more and more abstract and were trivialized into a single one, namely "move a" , a general movement-rule. The constraints on movement were singled out in systems of principles that ap ply to the resulting representations, i.e. the configurations containing a moved element and its extraction site, the trace. The introduction of trace-theory (d. Chomsky 1977, ch.3 §17, ch. 4) in principle opened up the possibility of com pletely abandoning movement and generating the possible outputs of movement directly, i.e. as structures that contain gaps representing the extraction sites.
Download or read book The Primacy of Grammar written by Nirmalangshu Mukherji and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012-01-13 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A proposal that the biolinguistic approach to human languages may have identified, beyond the study of language, a specific structure of the human mind. The contemporary discipline of biolinguistics is beginning to have the feel of scientific inquiry. Biolinguistics—especially the work of Noam Chomsky—suggests that the design of language may be “perfect”: language is an optimal solution to conditions of sound and meaning. What is the scope of this inquiry? Which aspect of nature does this science investigate? What is its relation to the rest of science? What notions of language and mind are under investigation? This book is a study of such foundational questions. Exploring Chomsky's claims, Nirmalangshu Mukherji argues that the significance of biolinguistic inquiry extends beyond the domain of language. Biolinguistics is primarily concerned with grammars that represent just the computational aspects of the mind/brain. This restriction to grammars, Mukherji argues, opens the possibility that the computational system of human language may be involved in each cognitive system that requires similar computational resources. Deploying analytical argumentation and empirical evidence, Mukherji suggests that a computational system of language consisting of very specific principles and operations is likely to be involved in each articulatory symbol system—such as music—that manifests unboundedness. In that sense, the biolinguistics approach may have identified, after thousands of years of inquiry, a specific structure of the human mind.
Download or read book Foundations of Computational Linguistics written by Roland Hausser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-07 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The content of this textbook is organized as a theory of language for the construction of talking robots. The main topic is the mechanism of natural language communication in both the speaker and the hearer. In the third edition the author has modernized the text, leaving the overview of traditional, theoretical, and computational linguistics, analytic philosophy of language, and mathematical complexity theory with their historical backgrounds intact. The format of the empirical analyses of English and German syntax and semantics has been adapted to current practice; and Chaps. 22–24 have been rewritten to focus more sharply on the construction of a talking robot.
Download or read book Foundations of Computational Linguistics written by Roland R. Hausser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central task of a future-oriented computational linguistics is the development of cognitive machines which humans can freely talk with in their respective natural language. In the long run, this task will ensure the development of a functional theory of language, an objective method of verification, and a wide range of practical applications. Natural communication requires not only verbal processing, but also non-verbal perception and action. Therefore the content of this textbook is organized as a theory of language for the construction of talking robots. The main topic is the mechanism of natural language communication in both the speaker and the hearer. The content is divided into four parts: Theory of Language, Theory of Grammar, Morphology and Syntax, Semantics and Pragmatics. The book contains more than 700 exercises for reviewing key ideas and important problems. In the Second Edition, changes are most noticeable in Chapters 22-24, which have been completely rewritten. They present a declarative outline for programming the semantic and pragmatic interpretation of natural language communication. The presentation is now simpler and more comprehensive. It is defined as a formal fragment and includes a new control structure, an analysis of spatio-temporal infer-encing, and an analysis of internal matching based on the notion of a task analysis. Examples and explanations which were contained in the old versions of Chapters 22-24 have been moved to the new Appendix. A schematic summary and a conclusion have been added as well.
Download or read book Foundations of Computational Linguistics written by Roland Hausser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central task of future-oriented computational linguistics is the development of cognitive machines which humans can freely speak to in their natural language. This will involve the development of a functional theory of language, an objective method of verification, and a wide range of practical applications. Natural communication requires not only verbal processing, but also non-verbal perception and action. Therefore, the content of this book is organized as a theory of language for the construction of talking robots with a focus on the mechanics of natural language communication in both the listener and the speaker.
Download or read book Computational Grammar written by Graeme D. Ritchie and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Generative Grammar written by Robert Freidin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-05-07 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Generative Grammar presents a substantial contribution to the field of linguistics in drawing together for the first time the author's most significant work on the theory of generative grammar. The essays collected here display Freidin's role in moving the theory forward in terms of new proposals, and analyse the efforts to understand the evolution and history of the theory by careful investigation of how and why it has changed over the years.
Download or read book Grammar Meaning and the Machine Analysis of Language written by Yorick Wilks and published by Routledge & Kegan Paul Books. This book was released on 1972 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lexical Grammar written by Teun Hoekstra and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Natural and Artificial Languages written by Christo Moskovsky and published by Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften. This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the optimal design for an artificial language? This book explores this question at both a 'macro' and a 'micro' level. An introductory essay presents some fundamental considerations in relation to what the design of an artificial language should be like. The essays that follow examine several basic components of grammar in natural and artificial languages, namely passive, relative, and interrogative constructions, reflexive pronouns, and articles. Drawing data from typologically distinct natural languages, these essays provide a description of the forms and functions that these components can have, and then their counterparts in artificial languages are presented. The artificial languages discussed include Arulo, aUI, the Blue Language, Esperanto, Eurolengo, Hom-idyomo, and Interlingua. The book offers some ideas about how these components of grammar can be integrated in the design of an artificial language.
