Download or read book Aspects of Oil Recovery by Spontaneous Imbibition and Wettability Alteration written by Siluni Wickramathilaka and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spontaneous imbibition is one of the key mechanisms for oil production from naturally fractured reservoirs. The final oil recovery and the rate of oil recovery by spontaneous imbibition depend on many rock and fluid properties and wettability of the rock. Important factors that affect wettability are the rock type, initial water saturation, crude oil type, aging time, brine composition and salinity, and displacement temperature. Understanding wettability through spontaneous imbibition studies is crucial because wettability can affect the fluid location, fluid flow, and residual oil distributions of reservoirs. Many factors that affect imbibition oil recovery and wettability have not been studied extensively for carbonates. Better understanding of the effects of wettability and scaling laboratory spontaneous imbibition data is important to predicting oil recovery from fractured reservoirs. The objectives of the present study were to investigate various crude oil/brine/rock (COBR) interactions and factors which could affect wettability, to evaluate correlation of spontaneous imbibition data with various wetting conditions for carbonates, and to improve oil recovery by spontaneous imbibition with change in invading brine composition and salinity and by use of surfactants. Reproducibility of the spontaneous imbibition results is also emphasized. The variation of aqueous phase viscosity was performed for three distinct wettability conditions classed as Very Strongly Water-Wet (VSWW), Uniformly-Wet (UW-CO) and Mixed-Wet (MXW), to study the effects on spontaneous imbibition as well as to extend previous studies on spontaneous imbibition correlations. The Mason et al. (2010) scaling group (a modification of the Ma et al. (1997) scaling group) developed mainly for wide variation in aqueous phase viscosities of VSWW Berea sandstone was used to satisfactorily correlate most of the data obtained for VSWW carbonate spontaneous imbibition results. The mechanism of VSWW imbibition was investigated by use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to monitor oil recovery from spontaneous imbibition of brine. The saturation profiles and images obtained for linear and radial imbibition indicate that the pore structure plays a significant role during spontaneous imbibition of brine into an oil saturated rock. Formation of a sharp piston-like imbibition front also validates previous assumptions made for development of imbibition scaling groups. Under wettability conditions that made capillary forces very weak, imbibition was controlled by change in density of the aqueous phase. For UW-CO, improved correlation was given by using weighted viscosity terms. Data was correlated by scaling with respect to the product of dimensionless time (basically the ratio of capillary to viscous forces) times the ratio of gravity to capillary forces. The initial water saturation, crude oil type, aging time, and displacement temperature have been varied for selected rocks to evaluate wettability and its effects on oil recovery by spontaneous imbibition. Improved oil recovery was demonstrated for spontaneous imbibition through reduction in invading brine salinity and also by addition of various types of anionic, amphoteric, cationic, and nonionic surfactants. Increases in recovery were fastest and highest for nonionic surfactants.
Download or read book Wettability and Oil Recovery by Imbibition and Viscous Displacement from Fractured and Heterogeneous Carbonates written by Jill Buckley and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About one-half of U.S. oil reserves are held in carbonate formations. The remaining oil in carbonate reservoirs is regarded as the major domestic target for improved oil recovery. Carbonate reservoirs are often fractured and have great complexity even at the core scale. Formation evaluation and prediction is often subject to great uncertainty. This study addresses quantification of crude oil/brine/rock interactions and the impact of reservoir heterogeneity on oil recovery by spontaneous imbibition and viscous displacement from pore to field scale. Wettability-alteration characteristics of crude oils were measured at calcite and dolomite surfaces and related to the properties of the crude oils through asphaltene content, acid and base numbers, and refractive index. Oil recovery was investigated for a selection of limestones and dolomites that cover over three orders of magnitude in permeability and a factor of four variation in porosity. Wettability control was achieved by adsorption from crude oils obtained from producing carbonate reservoirs. The induced wettability states were compared with those measured for reservoir cores. The prepared cores were used to investigate oil recovery by spontaneous imbibition and viscous displacement. The results of imbibition tests were used in wettability characterization and to develop mass transfer functions for application in reservoir simulation of fractured carbonates. Studies of viscous displacement in carbonates focused on the unexpected but repeatedly observed sensitivity of oil recovery to injection rate. The main variables were pore structure, mobility ratio, and wettability. The potential for improved oil recovery from rate-sensitive carbonate reservoirs by increased injection pressure, increased injectivity, decreased well spacing or reduction of interfacial tension was evaluated.
Download or read book Core Analysis written by Colin McPhee and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-12-10 with total page 853 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Core Analysis: A Best Practice Guide is a practical guide to the design of core analysis programs. Written to address the need for an updated set of recommended practices covering special core analysis and geomechanics tests, the book also provides unique insights into data quality control diagnosis and data utilization in reservoir models. The book's best practices and procedures benefit petrophysicists, geoscientists, reservoir engineers, and production engineers, who will find useful information on core data in reservoir static and dynamic models. It provides a solid understanding of the core analysis procedures and methods used by commercial laboratories, the details of lab data reporting required to create quality control tests, and the diagnostic plots and protocols that can be used to identify suspect or erroneous data. Provides a practical overview of core analysis, from coring at the well site to laboratory data acquisition and interpretation Defines current best practice in core analysis preparation and test procedures, and the diagnostic tools used to quality control core data Provides essential information on design of core analysis programs and to judge the quality and reliability of core analysis data ultimately used in reservoir evaluation Of specific interest to those working in core analysis, porosity, relative permeability, and geomechanics
Download or read book Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2019 written by Jia'en Lin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-06-15 with total page 3886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers selected papers from the 8th International Field Exploration and Development Conference (IFEDC 2019) and addresses a broad range of topics, including: Low Permeability Reservoir, Unconventional Tight & Shale Oil Reservoir, Unconventional Heavy Oil and Coal Bed Gas, Digital and Intelligent Oilfield, Reservoir Dynamic Analysis, Oil and Gas Reservoir Surveillance and Management, Oil and Gas Reservoir Evaluation and Modeling, Drilling and Production Operation, Enhancement of Recovery, Oil and Gas Reservoir Exploration. The conference not only provided a platform to exchange experiences, but also promoted the advancement of scientific research in oil & gas exploration and production. The book is chiefly intended for industry experts, professors, researchers, senior engineers, and enterprise managers.
Download or read book Wettability written by Erle C. Donaldson and published by Gulf Publishing Company. This book was released on 2008-07 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: &Quot;The wettability of oil reservoirs is the most important factor controlling the rate of oil recovery, providing a profound effect on petroleum production. The petroleum industry has increased the research effort on wettability, but, so far, there has never been a comprehensive book on the topic. This is the first book to go through all of the major research and applications on wettability. This book will prepare the professional, and academic, engineer for the challenges facing the oil and gas production characteristics of petroleum reservoirs."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery written by Patrizio Raffa and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-07-22 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims at presenting, describing, and summarizing the latest advances in polymer flooding regarding the chemical synthesis of the EOR agents and the numerical simulation of compositional models in porous media, including a description of the possible applications of nanotechnology acting as a booster of traditional chemical EOR processes. A large part of the world economy depends nowadays on non-renewable energy sources, most of them of fossil origin. Though the search for and the development of newer, greener, and more sustainable sources have been going on for the last decades, humanity is still fossil-fuel dependent. Primary and secondary oil recovery techniques merely produce up to a half of the Original Oil In Place. Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes are aimed at further increasing this value. Among these, chemical EOR techniques (including polymer flooding) present a great potential in low- and medium-viscosity oilfields. • Describes recent advances in chemical enhanced oil recovery. • Contains detailed description of polymer flooding and nanotechnology as promising boosting tools for EOR. • Includes both experimental and theoretical studies. About the Authors Patrizio Raffa is Assistant Professor at the University of Groningen. He focuses on design and synthesis of new polymeric materials optimized for industrial applications such as EOR, coatings and smart materials. He (co)authored about 40 articles in peer reviewed journals. Pablo Druetta works as lecturer at the University of Groningen (RUG) and as engineering consultant. He received his Ph.D. from RUG in 2018 and has been teaching at a graduate level for 15 years. His research focus lies on computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
Download or read book Fundamentals of Reservoir Surface Energy as Related to Surface Properties Wettability Capillary Action and Oil Recovery from Fractured Reservoirs by Spontaneous Imbibition written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project is to increase oil recovery from fractured reservoirs through improved fundamental understanding of the process of spontaneous imbibition by which oil is displaced from the rock matrix into the fractures. Spontaneous imbibition is fundamentally dependent on the reservoir surface free energy but this has never been investigated for rocks. In this project, the surface free energy of rocks will be determined by using liquids that can be solidified within the rock pore space at selected saturations. Thin sections of the rock then provide a two-dimensional view of the rock minerals and the occupant phases. Saturations and oil/rock, water/rock, and oil/water surface areas will be determined by advanced petrographic analysis and the surface free energy which drives spontaneous imbibition will be determined as a function of increase in wetting phase saturation. The inherent loss in surface free energy resulting from capillary instabilities at the microscopic (pore level) scale will be distinguished from the decrease in surface free energy that drives spontaneous imbibition. A mathematical network/numerical model will be developed and tested against experimental results of recovery versus time over broad variation of key factors such as rock properties, fluid phase viscosities, sample size, shape and boundary conditions. Two fundamentally important, but not previously considered, parameters of spontaneous imbibition, the capillary pressure acting to oppose production of oil at the outflow face and the pressure in the non-wetting phase at the no-flow boundary versus time, will also be measured and modeled. Simulation and network models will also be tested against special case solutions provided by analytic models. In the second stage of the project, application of the fundamental concepts developed in the first stage of the project will be demonstrated. The fundamental ideas, measurements, and analytic/numerical modeling will be applied to mixed-wet rocks. Imbibition measurements will include novel sensitive pressure measurements designed to elucidate the basic mechanisms that determine induction time and drive the very slow rate of spontaneous imbibition commonly observed for mixed-wet rocks. In further demonstration of concepts, three approaches to improved oil recovery from fractured reservoirs will be tested; use of surfactants to promote imbibition in oil wet rocks by wettability alteration: manipulation of injection brine composition: reduction of the capillary back pressure which opposes production of oil at the fracture face.
Download or read book Enhanced Oil Recovery in Shale and Tight Reservoirs written by James J.Sheng and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2019-11-07 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oil Recovery in Shale and Tight Reservoirs delivers a current, state-of-the-art resource for engineers trying to manage unconventional hydrocarbon resources. Going beyond the traditional EOR methods, this book helps readers solve key challenges on the proper methods, technologies and options available. Engineers and researchers will find a systematic list of methods and applications, including gas and water injection, methods to improve liquid recovery, as well as spontaneous and forced imbibition. Rounding out with additional methods, such as air foam drive and energized fluids, this book gives engineers the knowledge they need to tackle the most complex oil and gas assets. Helps readers understand the methods and mechanisms for enhanced oil recovery technology, specifically for shale and tight oil reservoirs Includes available EOR methods, along with recent practical case studies that cover topics like fracturing fluid flow back Teaches additional methods, such as soaking after fracturing, thermal recovery and microbial EOR
Download or read book Enhanced Oil Recovery Field Case Studies written by James J. Sheng and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter presents models of wettability alteration using surfactants and upscaling models related to oil recovery in fractured carbonate reservoirs. Chemicals used in carbonate reservoirs are reviewed. The presented field cases where surfactants were used to stimulate oil recovery are the Mauddud carbonate in Bahrain, the Yates field and the Cretaceous Upper Edwards reservoir in Texas, the Cottonwood Creek field in Wyoming, and the Baturaja formation in the Semoga field in Indonesia.
Download or read book Enhanced Oil Recovery Field Case Studies written by Tor Austad and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water flooding of oil reservoirs has been performed for a century in order to improve oil recovery for two reasons: (1) give pressure support to the reservoir to prevent gas production and (2) displace the oil by viscous forces. During the last 30 years, it was discovered that the wetting properties of the reservoir played a very important role for the efficiency of the water flood. Even though much work have been published on crude oil–brine–rock (CBR) interaction related to wetting properties, Professor N.R. Morrow, University of Wyoming, asked the audience the following question at the European enhanced oil-recovery (EOR) meeting in Cambridge, April 2011: Do we understand water flooding of oil reservoirs? If we are not able to explain why injection fluids of different ionic composition can have a great impact on displacement efficiency and oil recovery, the answer to Morrow’s question is NO. Researchers have to admit that we do not know the phenomena of water flooding well enough. The key to improve our understanding is to obtain fundamental chemical understanding of the CBR interaction by controlled laboratory studies, and then propose chemical mechanisms, which should be validated also from field experience. In this chapter, I have tried to sum up our experience and chemical understanding on water-based EOR in carbonates and sandstones during the last 20 years with a specific focus on initial wetting properties and possibilities for wettability modification to optimize oil recovery. Chemically, the CBR interaction is completely different in carbonates and sandstones. The proposed chemical mechanisms for wettability modification are used to explain field observations.
Download or read book Der Zerfall des deutschen Judentums written by Hans Rost and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals of Reservoir Surface Energy as Related to Surface Properties Wettability Capillary Action and Oil Recovery from Fractured Reservoirs by Spontaneous Imbibition written by Norman R. Morrow and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project is to increase oil recovery from fractured reservoirs through improved fundamental understanding of the process of spontaneous imbibition by which oil is displaced from the rock matrix into the fractures. Spontaneous imbibition is fundamentally dependent on the reservoir surface free energy but this has never been investigated for rocks. In this project, the surface free energy of rocks will be determined by using liquids that can be solidified within the rock pore space at selected saturations. Thin sections of the rock then provide a two-dimensional view of the rock minerals and the occupant phases. Saturations and oil/rock, water/rock, and oil/water surface areas will be determined by advanced petrographic analysis and the surface free energy which drives spontaneous imbibition will be determined as a function of increase in wetting phase saturation. The inherent loss in surface free energy resulting from capillary instabilities at the microscopic (pore level) scale will be distinguished from the decrease in surface free energy that drives spontaneous imbibition. A mathematical network/numerical model will be developed and tested against experimental results of recovery versus time over broad variation of key factors such as rock properties, fluid phase viscosities, sample size, shape and boundary conditions. Two fundamentally important, but not previously considered, parameters of spontaneous imbibition, the capillary pressure acting to oppose production of oil at the outflow face and the pressure in the non-wetting phase at the no-flow boundary versus time, will also be measured and modeled. Simulation and network models will also be tested against special case solutions provided by analytic models. In the second stage of the project, application of the fundamental concepts developed in the first stage of the project will be demonstrated. The fundamental ideas, measurements, and analytic/numerical modeling will be applied to mixed-wet rocks. Imbibition measurements will include novel sensitive pressure measurements designed to elucidate the basic mechanisms that determine induction time and drive the very slow rate of spontaneous imbibition commonly observed for mixed-wet rocks. In further demonstration of concepts, three approaches to improved oil recovery from fractured reservoirs will be tested; use of surfactants to promote imbibition in oil wet rocks by wettability alteration: manipulation of injection brine composition: reduction of the capillary back pressure which opposes production of oil at the fracture face.
Download or read book Enhanced Oil Recovery from a Carbonate Reservoir written by Medina Joshua Anthony and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the ever-growing demand for oil & gas in the world today, and the increasing difficulty of recovering hydrocarbons from reservoirs, it is becoming ever so vital to apply enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques. Carbonate reservoirs typically have natural fractures and are found natively to have oil-wet matrixes. These properties make enhanced oil recovery from these reservoirs more challenging. Wettability alteration is a viable EOR mechanism in this scenario. However, there is ambiguity about which chemical solutions apply best to carbonate reservoirs since there is minimal information related to such formations. With the utilization of surfactants as a wettability altering agent, greater recoveries of hydrocarbons may be attained. In this study, we assessed the capabilities of various surfactants’ interfacial properties and their ability to perform wettability alterations at reservoir conditions. All surfactants were evaluated by solubilization and emulsification experiments at ambient conditions, then at high-temperature conditions. Spontaneous imbibition experiments were performed on outcrop carbonate limestone rocks to gauge chemical effects on the distinct rock type while considering the impact of the chemical group. Dynamic interfacial tension (IFT) and wettability alteration were the two main mechanisms for oil recovery studied. In the conclusion of this study, an optimum solution was identified and recommended for a Limestone reservoir.
Download or read book Oil Recovery by Spontaneous Imbibition from Mixed wet Rocks written by Zhengxin Tong and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Surfactant enhanced Spontaneous Imbibition Process in Highly Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs written by Peila Chen and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highly fractured carbonate reservoirs are a class of reservoirs characterized by high conductivity fractures surrounding low permeability matrix blocks. In these reservoirs, wettability alteration is a key method for recovering oil. Water imbibes into the matrix blocks upon water flooding if the reservoir rock is water-wet. However, many carbonate reservoirs are oil-wet. Surfactant solution was used to enhance spontaneous imbibition between the fractures and the matrix by both wettability alteration and ultra-low interfacial tensions. The first part of this study was devoted to determining the wettability of reservoir rocks using Amott-Harvey Index method, and also evaluating the performance of surfactants on wettability alteration, based on the contact angle measurement and spontaneous imbibition rate and ultimate oil recovery on oil-wet reservoir cores. The reservoir rocks have been found to be slightly oil-wet. One cationic surfactant BTC8358, one anionic surfactant and one ultra-low IFT surfactant formulation AKL-207 are all found to alter the wettability towards more water-wet and promote oil recovery through spontaneous imbibition. The second part of the study focused on the parameters that affect wettability alteration by surfactants. Some factors such as core dimension, permeability and heterogeneity of porous medium are evaluated in the spontaneous imbibition tests. Higher permeability leads to higher imbibition rate and higher ultimate oil recovery. Heterogeneity of core samples slows down the imbibition process if other properties are similar. Core dimension is critical in upscaling from laboratory conditions to field matrix blocks. The imbibition rate is slower in larger dimension of core. Further, we investigated the effects of EDTA in surfactant-mediated spontaneous imbibition. Since high concentration of cationic divalent ions in the aqueous solution markedly suppresses the surfactant-mediated wettability alteration, EDTA improved the performance of surfactant in the spontaneous imbibition tests. It is proposed in the thesis that surfactant/EDTA-enhanced imbibition may involve the dissolution mechanism. More experiments should be conducted to verify this mechanism. The benefits of using EDTA in the surfactant solution include but not limited to: altering the surface charge of carbonate to negative, producing the in-situ soap, reducing the brine hardness, decreasing the surfactant adsorption, and creating the water-wet area by dissolving the dolomite mineral.
Download or read book Concepts and Models of Dolomitization written by Donald H. Zenger and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Surfactant Enhanced Oil Recovery by Wettability Alteration in Sandstone Reservoirs written by Omar ElMofty and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Recovering more oil from existing oil reservoirs using enhanced oil recovery methods holds the key for meeting future energy demands. Even though wettability is a cornerstone in oil recovery, few studies have focused on increasing oil recovery in sandstone reservoirs through wettability alteration. The objective of this thesis is to prove that altering the wettability of a sandstone rock to preferentially water-wet condition will reduce the remaining oil saturation and thus increase the percentage of recovered oil. Two commercial surfactants were selected after studying both the phase behavior and the interfacial properties of 30 surfactants with oil and 1.00% sodium chloride brine systems. Both surfactants then were tested for their ability to alter the wettability of sandstone rocks. This alteration was measured based on the contact angles of different surfactant solutions on oil-treated glass chips. In all cases, the surfactant solutions were able to alter the wettability of the oil-treated glass chips from weakly water-wet to strongly water-wet. The ability of both selected surfactants to increase the percentage of recovered oil then was examined using oil-treated sands. The oil recovery tests from both oil-wet and water-wet sand showed that both surfactants can change the wettability of oil-wet sand to water-wet and increase oil recovery. Both surfactants also were shown to significantly improve oil recovery from oil-wet sandstone through spontaneous imbibition. Considering that up to half of all sandstone reservoirs are possibly oil-wet, the results of this work could enhance oil recovery from oil-wet, water-flooded, mature sandstone reservoirs"--Abstract, leaf iii.
