Download or read book Arsenic Rule Benefits Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On July 19 and 20, 2001 the Arsenic Rule Benefits Review Panel (ARBRP) of the US EPA Science Advisory Board (SAB) met to review the EPA report Arsenic in Drinking Water Rule Economic Analysis (EPA 815-R-00-026). As part of the review process, the Panel responded to five charge questions: Charge Question 1: How should latency be addressed in the benefits estimates when existing literature does not provide specific quantitative estimates of latency periods associated with exposure to Arsenic in drinking water. Charge Question 2: How should health endpoints (other than bladder and lung cancer) be addressed in the analysis, when (existing) literature does not provide specific quantification, to ensure appropriate consideration by decision makers and the public. Charge Question 3: Should reduction/elimination of exposure be evaluated as a separate benefits category, in addition to or in conjunction with mortality and morbidity reduction. Charge Question 4: How should total benefits and costs and incremental benefits and costs be addressed in analyzing regulatory alternatives to ensure appropriate consideration by decision makers and the public. Charge Question 5: How should uncertainties be addressed in the analysis to ensure appropriate consideration by decision makers and the public. Detailed answers to these questions are found in the body of the report.
Download or read book A Costly Benefit written by Robert W. Hahn and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recently finalized a rule that would reduce the maximum allowable level of arsenic in drinking water by 80 percent, from 50 micrograms per liter to 10 micrograms, by 2006. As soon as the rule was announced during the waning hours of the Clinton presidency, it became the topic of considerable debate as some experts argued that it is appropriate and necessary while others charged that its costs would far outweigh its benefits. The authors side with the latter group and argue that the costs may exceed the benefits by as much as $100 million annually.
Download or read book Arsenic Rule Benefits Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EPA s Arsenic Rule written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Arsenic in Drinking Water written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Environment, Technology, and Standards and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Arithmetic of Arsenic written by Cass R. Sunstein and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What does cost-benefit mean, or do, in actual practice? When agencies are engaging in cost-benefit balancing, what are the interactions among law, science, and economics? This Article attempts to answer that question by exploring, in some detail, the controversy over EPA's proposed regulation of arsenic in drinking water. The largest finding is that science often can produce only "benefit ranges," and wide ones at that. With reasonable assumptions based on the existing science data, the proposed arsenic regulation can be projected to save as few as 0 lives and as many as 112. With reasonable assumptions, the monetized benefits of the regulation can range from $0 to $560 million. In these circumstances, there is no obviously right decision for government agencies to make. These points have numerous implications for lawyers and courts, suggesting the ease of bringing legal challenges, on grounds specified here, and the importance of judicial deference in the face of scientific uncertainty. There are also policy implications. Agencies should be given the authority to issue more targeted, cost-effective regulations. They should also be required to accompany the cost-benefit analysis with an effort to identify the winners and losers, so as to see if poor people are mostly hurt or mostly helped.
Download or read book Proposed Arsenic in Drinking Water Rule written by U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was introduced on December 2, 1970 by President Richard Nixon. The agency is charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. The EPA's struggle to protect health and the environment is seen through each of its official publications. These publications outline new policies, detail problems with enforcing laws, document the need for new legislation, and describe new tactics to use to solve these issues. This collection of publications ranges from historic documents to reports released in the new millennium, and features works like: Bicycle for a Better Environment, Health Effects of Increasing Sulfur Oxides Emissions Draft, and Women and Environmental Health.
Download or read book Arsenic in Drinking Water Rule Economic Analysis written by Abt Associates and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proposed arsenic in drinking water rule regulatory impact analysis written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Non transient Non community Water Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Arsenic in Drinking Water written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-11-26 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Having safe drinking water is important to all Americans. The Environmental Protection Agency's decision in the summer of 2001 to delay implementing a new, more stringent standard for the maximum allowable level for arsenic in drinking water generated a great deal of criticism and controversy. Ultimately at issue were newer data on arsenic beyond those that had been examined in a 1999 National Research Council report. EPA asked the National Research Council for an evaluation of the new data available. The committee's analyses and conclusions are presented in Arsenic in Drinking Water: 2001 Update. New epidemiological studies are critically evaluated, as are new experimental data that provide information on how and at what level arsenic in drinking water can lead to cancer. The report's findings are consistent with those of the 1999 report that found high risks of cancer at the previous federal standard of 50 parts per billion. In fact, the new report concludes that men and women who consume water containing 3 parts per billion of arsenic daily have about a 1 in 1,000 increased risk of developing bladder or lung cancer during their lifetime.
Download or read book Arsenic in Drinking Water written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-12-26 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Having safe drinking water is important to all Americans. The Environmental Protection Agency's decision in the summer of 2001 to delay implementing a new, more stringent standard for the maximum allowable level for arsenic in drinking water generated a great deal of criticism and controversy. Ultimately at issue were newer data on arsenic beyond those that had been examined in a 1999 National Research Council report. EPA asked the National Research Council for an evaluation of the new data available. The committee's analyses and conclusions are presented in Arsenic in Drinking Water: 2001 Update. New epidemiological studies are critically evaluated, as are new experimental data that provide information on how and at what level arsenic in drinking water can lead to cancer. The report's findings are consistent with those of the 1999 report that found high risks of cancer at the previous federal standard of 50 parts per billion. In fact, the new report concludes that men and women who consume water containing 3 parts per billion of arsenic daily have about a 1 in 1,000 increased risk of developing bladder or lung cancer during their lifetime.
Download or read book Arsenic in Drinking Water Rule Economic Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Some Drinking water Disinfectants and Contaminants Including Arsenic written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and published by IARC. This book was released on 2004 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A working group of 23 experts from 13 countries met in Lyon to evaluate the evidence for carcinogenicity of arsenic (mostly naturally occurring) as a contaminant of drinking-water, and of the water-disinfectant chloramine. The working group also evaluated or re-evaluated four chlorination by-products found in drinking-water, namely chloral hydrate, di- and trichloroacetic acids, and 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (also known as MX). High-level exposure to arsenic in drinking-water occurs in some regions such as China, Latin America, Bangladesh and West Bengal. The Working Group reviewed epidemiological studies of human cancer (mainly ecological studies in Taiwan and Chile, and several case-control and cohort studies) in relation to arsenic in drinking-water. Arsenic in drinking-water (primarily inorganic, as arsenate and to a lesser extent arsenite) was evaluated as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) on the basis of sufficient evidence for an increased risk for cancer of the urinary bladder, lung and skin. Studies on inorganic arsenic in experimental animals provided limited evidence for its carcinogenicity, but sufficient evidence was found in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of dimethylarsinic acid (an organic form of arsenic), which produced urinary bladder tumours in rats and lung tumours in mice after oral administration.
Download or read book National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water Supply and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EPA 570 9 written by and published by . This book was released on 1982-10 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
