Download or read book Archeological Distribution and Prehistoric Human Ecology written by Kurt F. Anschuetz and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Landscape Archeology in the Southern Tularosa Basin Archeological distributions and prehistoric human ecology written by Kurt Frederick Anschuetz and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Holocene Human Ecology in Northeastern North America written by George P. Nicholas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Students of human behavior have always been interested in the relationship between human populations and their environment. Decades of research not only have illuminated the backdrop against which culture is viewed, but have identi fied many of the conditions that influence or promote technological develop ment, social transformation, and economic reorganization. It has become in creaSingly evident, however, that if we are to explore more forcefully the linkages between culture and environment, a processual orientation is required. This is found in human ecology-the study of the relationship between people and the ecosystem of which they are a part. This book is a collection of papers about the recent and distant past by scientists and humanists involved in the study of human ecology in northeastern North America. The authors critically examine the systemic interface between people and their environment first by identifying the indicators of that rela tionship (e.g., historical documentation, archaeological site patterning, faunal remains), then by defining the processes by which change in one part of the ecosystem affects other parts (e.g., by conSidering how an ecotonal gradient affects biotic communities over time), and finally by explicating the behavioral implications thereof.
Download or read book Prehistory and Human Ecology of the Deh Luran Plain written by Frank Hole and published by U OF M MUSEUM ANTHRO ARCHAEOLOGY. This book was released on 1969 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecology and Human Organization on the Great Plains written by Douglas B. Bamforth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lithic Technological Organization and Paleoenvironmental Change written by Erick Robinson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this edited volume is to bring together a diverse set of analyses to document how small-scale societies responded to paleoenvironmental change based on the evidence of their lithic technologies. The contributions bring together an international forum for interpreting changes in technological organization - embracing a wide range of time periods, geographic regions and methodological approaches. As technology brings more refined information on ancient climates, the research on spatial and temporal variability of paleoenvironmental changes. In turn, this has also broadened considerations of the many ways that prehistoric hunter-gatherers may have responded to fluctuations in resource bases. From an archaeological perspective, stone tools and their associated debitage provide clues to understanding these past choices and decisions, and help to further the investigation into how variable human responses may have been. Despite significant advances in the theory and methodology of lithic technological analysis, there have been few attempts to link these developments to paleoenvironmental research on a global scale.
Download or read book The Cannon Reservoir Human Ecology Project written by Michael J. O'Brien and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cannon Reservoir Human Ecology Project: An Archaeological Study of Cultural Adaptations in the Southern Prairie Peninsula provides an overview of the Cannon Reservoir Human Ecology Project, formed in May 1977 as an interdisciplinary, regional archaeology program to investigate human adaptations on the southern fringes of the mid-continental Prairie Peninsula. The research centered on the area of northeastern Missouri in and around the site of the proposed Clarence Cannon Dam and Reservoir. The book demonstrates how objectives and goals have been integrated with various methods and techniques to generate and analyze a vast amount of data in a regional archaeological project. Comprised of 18 chapters, this book first defines the objectives and goals of the project, describes the project area, and discusses the research design. A brief history of archaeological work in the region is also presented. The next section assesses the environment and implications for human settlement in the area, citing various physical and cultural changes that occurred during the Holocene and presenting developmental models of prehistoric and historical settlement systems. Subsequent chapters explore the chronology of the project area; analysis of lithic artifacts and vertebrate and archaeobotanical remains; prehistoric community patterns; and prehistoric and historic settlement patterns. This monograph will appeal to students, specialists, and researchers in the fields of archaeology and anthropology.
Download or read book Evolutionary Ecology and Archaeology written by Jack M. Broughton and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A compilation of archaeological and paleoanthropological studies that provide a foundation for the field of evolutionary ecology, which applies Darwinian natural selection theory to the study of adaptive design in behavior, morphology, and life history and has produced substantial advances in understanding human evolution and prehistory.
Download or read book Prehistory and Human Ecology of the Western Prairies and Northern Plains written by Joseph A. Tiffany and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modelling Human Environment Interactions in and beyond Prehistoric Europe written by Samuel Seuru and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-25 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers insight into the relationship between prehistoric and protohistoric human populations and the world around them. It reconstructs key aspects of the palaeoenvironment – from large-scale drivers of environmental conditions, such as climate, to more regional variables such as vegetation cover and faunal communities. The volume underscores how computational archaeology is leading the way in the study of past human-environment interactions across spatial and chronological scales. With the increased availability of high-resolution climate models, agent-based modelling, palaeoecological proxies and the mature use of Geographic Information System in ecological modelling, archaeologists working in interdisciplinary settings are well-positioned to explore the intersection of human systems and environmental affordances and constraints. These methodological advancements provide a better understanding of the role humans played in past ecosystems – both in terms of their impact upon the environment and, in return, the impact of environmental conditions on human systems. They may also allow us to infer past ecological knowledge and land-use patterns that are historically contingent, rather than environmentally determined. This volume gathers contributions that combine reconstructions of past environments and archeological data with a view to exploring their complex interactions at different scales and invites scholars from varying disciplines and backgrounds to present and compare different modelling approaches.
Download or read book Neanderthals in the Levant written by Donald O. Henry and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2003-10-01 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume traces the controversy that revolves around the bio-cultural relationships of Archaic (Neanderthal) and Modern humans at global and regional, Levantine scales. The focus of the book is on understanding the degree to which the behavioral organization of Archaic groups differed from Moderns. To this end, a case study is presented for a 44-70,000 year old, Middle Paleolithic occupation of a Jordanian rockshelter. The research, centering on the spatial analysis of artifacts, hearths and related data, reveals how the Archaic occupants of the shelter structured their activities and placed certain conceptual labels on different parts of the site. The structure of Tor Faraj is compared to site structures defined for modern foragers, in both ethnographic and archaeological contexts, to measure any differences in behavioral organization. The comparisons show very similar structures for Tor Faraj and its modern cohorts. The implications of this finding challenge prevailing views in the emergence of modern human controversy in which Archaic groups are thought to have had inferior cognition and less complex behavioral-social organization than modern foragers. And, it is generally thought that such behaviors only emerged after the appearance of the Upper Paleolithic, dated some 10-20,000 years later than the occupation of Tor Faraj.
Download or read book Agricultural Intensification and Prehistoric Health in the Valley of Oaxaca Mexico written by Denise C. Hodges and published by U OF M MUSEUM ANTHRO ARCHAEOLOGY. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Human Ecology and Social Organization in the Prehistoric California Delta written by Gina Azalea Jorgenson and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Restricted residential mobility is of particular interest to anthropologists because there are numerous examples across time and space where people independently became sedentary. In addition, the changes in economic patterns, social complexity, and landscape use that accompany a shift in mobility have implications for social organization including marriage patterns, gender roles, and workloads within the economic system. Prehistoric California provides ideal circumstances to study the development of restricted residential mobility because there is intensification of resources, increase in population density, and development of social complexity that all seem to occur within a short time span beginning in the Early Period (ca. 5500-2500 BP). However, the shift to sedentism was not followed by the development of agriculture as in many other areas of the world. This dissertation seeks to elucidate the relationship between restricted residential mobility and modifications of social organization by testing the hypothesis that as population increases and human groups become more sedentary there is an impact on marriage patterns and other aspects of culture and society due to alterations in the relative importance of male and female activities. The methodological approach in this dissertation is to use individualistic data, which provides a way to track small scale changes over a period of time. This is designed to inform on the social process under investigation by addressing questions about the life of individuals and the behavioral and genetic relationships of a particular group. Specifically, this project uses stable isotope ratios of 87Sr/86Sr to detect and compare the geographic origin of an individual's food resources during their childhood and again in their last few years of life. The strontium data are compared to oxygen isotopes, radiocarbon dates, sex, age, burial position, and other individualistic data collected at an archaeological site in the Sacramento - San Joaquin Delta region of California (CA-CCO-548). This study yielded several results. The comparison of 87Sr/86Sr data with other individualistic attributes at the site revealed a trend toward more restricted group mobility later in time with a shift from focus on the Coast Ranges toward the Delta and Central Valley. This result is consistent with predictions based on the current state of knowledge about prehistoric California, although the shift toward sedentism appears to have occurred earlier than was previously proposed. In addition, matrilocal post-marital residence dominates earlier in time, with a change to more even sex distribution of non-local individuals occurring after 3300 cal BP. This shift in post-marital residence occurs almost simultaneously with the restriction in mobility and therefore supports the hypothesis that changes in mobility have an influence on fundamentals in social organization. The results obtained in this dissertation highlight the importance of studies at an individualistic level and also the need to continue adding to stable isotope research in California. Building on this data will enable archaeologists to provide a more fine-grained view of prehistory while allowing individuals from the past to reveal their own story.
Download or read book The Prehistory of Texas written by Timothy K. Perttula and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2012-09-24 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paleoindians first arrived in Texas more than eleven thousand years ago, although relatively few sites of such early peoples have been discovered. Texas has a substantial post-Paleoindian record, however, and there are more than fifty thousand prehistoric archaeological sites identified across the state. This comprehensive volume explores in detail the varied experience of native peoples who lived on this land in prehistoric times. Chapters on each of the regions offer cutting-edge research, the culmination of years of work by dozens of the most knowledgeable experts. Based on the archaeological record, the discussion of the earliest inhabitants includes a reclassification of all known Paleoindian projectile point types and establishes a chronology for the various occupations. The archaeological data from across the state of Texas also allow authors to trace technological changes over time, the development of intensive fishing and shellfish collecting, funerary customs and the belief systems they represented, long-term changes in settlement mobility and character, landscape use, and the eventual development of agricultural societies. The studies bring the prehistory of Texas Indians all the way up through the Late Prehistoric period (ca. a.d. 700–1600). The extensively illustrated chapters are broadly cultural-historical in nature but stay strongly focused on important current research problems. Taken together, they present careful and exhaustive considerations of the full archaeological (and paleoenvironmental) record of Texas.
Download or read book Patagonian Prehistory written by Raven Garvey and published by . This book was released on 2021-06-30 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Generally portrayed as a windswept wasteland of marginal use for human habitation, Patagonia is an unmatched testing ground for some of the world's most important questions about human ecology and cultural change. In this volume, archaeologist Raven Garvey presents a critical synthesis of Patagonian prehistory, bringing an evolutionary perspective and unconventional evidence to bear on enduringly contentious issues in New World archaeology, including initial human colonization of the Americas, widespread depopulation between 8,000 and 4,000 years ago, and the transition from foraging to farming. Garvey's novel hypotheses question common assumptions regarding Patagonia's suitability for prehistoric hunter-gatherers. She makes four primary arguments: (1) the surprising lack of clothing in parts of prehistoric Patagonia supports a relatively slow initial colonization of the Americas; (2) the sparse record of human habitation during the middle Holocene may be due to prehistoric behavioral changes and archaeological sampling methods rather than population decline; (3) farming never took root in Patagonia because risks associated with farming likely outweighed potential benefits; and, finally, (4) the broad trajectory of cultural change in Patagonia owes as much to feedback between population size and technology as to conditions in the rugged Patagonian outback itself.
Download or read book The Exploitation of Raw Materials in Prehistory written by Xavier Terradas Batlle and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection presents state-of-the-art approaches to the use of inorganic raw materials in the period known as prehistory. It focuses on stone-tools, adornments, colorants and pottery from Europe, America and Africa. The chapters intimately merge archaeology, anthropology, geology, geography, physics and chemistry to reconstruct past human behaviour, economy, technology, ecology, cognition, territory and social complexity. The book represents a framework of raw material investigation for those working in science, regardless of the time period, region of the world or materials they are studying.
Download or read book Prehistoric America written by Betty Jane Meggers and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past 30 years, the relationship between humans and the environment has changed more drastically than during any previous period in human history. Local sustainable exploitation of natural resources has been overridden by global interests indifferent to the detrimental impact of their activities on local environments and their inhabitants. Increasingly efficient technology has reduced the need for human labor, but improved medical treatment favors reproduction and survival, creating a growing imbalance between population density and food supply. Rapid transportation is introducing alien species to distant terrestrial and aquatic environments, where they displace critical elements in the local food chain. This succinct and profusely illustrated volume applies evolutionary and cultural theory to the interpretation of prehistoric cultural development in the western hemisphere. After reviewing cultural development in Mesoamerica and the central Andes, Meggers examines adaptation in North and South American regions with similar environments to evaluate the influence of adaptive constraints on cultural content. What made the human species dominant on the planet is the substitution of cultural behavior for biological behavior. Prehistoric Americans applied this ability to develop sustainable relationships with their environments. Many succeeded and others did not. Paleoclimatic reconstructions can be compared with archeological sequences and ethnographic descriptions to identify cultural behavior responsible for the difference. Comparison of the responses of Amaonians and Mayans to episodes of severe drought provides useful insights into what we are doing wrong. Betty J. Meggers has been a research associate at the Smithsonian Institution since 1951. She has conducted fieldwork in Brail, Guyana, Veneuela, and Ecuador. Her publications include archeological monographs, edited volumes, general books on Amaonia and Ecuador, and over 200 articles on cultural ecology, cultural diffusion, pottery analysis, and transpacific contact. Her contributions have been recognied by six honorary doctorates from universities in Brail, Argentina, and Ecuador.
