Download or read book Approximate Thermodynamics State Relations in Partially Ionized Gas Mixtures written by J. D. Ramshaw and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In practical applications, the thermodynamic state relations of partially ionized gas mixtures are usually approximated in terms of the state relations of the pure partially ionized constituent gases or materials in isolation. Such approximations are ordinarily based on an artificial partitioning or separation of the mixture into its constituent materials, with material k regarded as being confined by itself within a compartment or subvolume with volume fraction {alpha}k and possessing a fraction {beta}k of the total internal energy of the mixture. In a mixture of N materials, the quantities {alpha}k and {beta}k constitute an additional 2N--2 independent variables. The most common procedure for determining these variables, and hence the state relations for the mixture, is to require that the subvolumes all have the same temperature and pressure. This intuitively reasonable procedure is easily shown to reproduce the correct thermal and caloric state equations for a mixture of neutral (non-ionized) ideal gases. Here we wish to point out that (a) this procedure leads to incorrect state equations for a mixture of partially ionized ideal gases, whereas (b) the alternative procedure of requiring that the subvolumes all have the same temperature and free electron density reproduces the correct thermal and caloric state equations for such a mixture. These results readily generalize to the case of partially degenerate and/or relativistic electrons, to a common approximation used to represent pressure ionization effects, and to two-temperature plasmas. This suggests that equating the subvolume electron number densities or chemical potentials instead of pressures is likely to provide a more accurate approximation even in nonideal plasma mixtures.

Download or read book Rufe aus Bayside written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Transport Properties of Partially Ionized Monatomic Gases written by Stanford University. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The equation of state of an ionized gas written by Donald Paul Duclos and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The equation of state of an ionized gas has been investigated for electron densities below about 10(22 power) per cubic centimeter and temperatures below about 1,000,000 K. The gas is assumed to be monatomic, electrically neutral, and in thermodynamic equilibrium, but the composition of the gas is arbitrary, that is multiple ionization of any degree is allowed. The perfect gas approximation is found to be valid for electron densities at least as high as 10(16 power) per cubic centimeter, and in some cases, even higher. It is shown that approximations to the perfect gas expressions can be made which will greatly simplify calculations. It is also shown that blackbody radiation may be important at low densities. The classical corrections to the perfect gas expressions due to electrostatic forces and the finite size of particles which are obtained from the theories of Debye and Hucke, Mayer, and others, are investigated, and their limits of validity are determined. In some cases, improved expressions are derived and suitable approximations are suggested. It is noted that a fundamental weakness of the results based on the these theories is that a basic parameter, the distance of closest approach of charged particles, is not known accurately. Several approximate expressions for this distance are given. Quantum corrections for electron degeneracy and electron interactions are also given. Theories which are applicable at higher densities and temperatures than those of interest in this investigation are also discussed briefly. Finally, the equation of state of a dense, slightly ionized gas is derived.

Download or read book Partially Ionized Gases written by Morton Mitchner and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1973 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Concerning the Equation of State for Partially Ionized System written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I will discuss the expansion of various thermodynamic quantities about the ideal gas in powers of the electric charge, and I will discuss some cellular models. The first type of cellular model is appropriate for hydrogen. The second type is for Z> 1. It has the independent electron approximation within the atoms. These models are cross compared and minimal regions of validity are determined. The actual region of validity is expected to be larger. In the cellular models, the phase boundaries for liquid-gas transitions are found. For the second type of cellular model, in the part of the low-temperature, low-density region where there is not much expectation of validity of these methods, a non-thermodynamic region is found. I have devised a construction, similar in spirit to the Maxwell construction, to bridge this region so as to leave a thermodynamically valid equation of state. The non-thermodynamic region does not occur in hydrogen and it seems to be due to the inadequacy of the aforementioned approximation in that region.

Download or read book Thermodynamic Functions of a Partially Degenerate Fully Ionized Gas written by and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formalism of Glassgold, Heckrotte, and Watson for the expansion of the quantum-mechanical grand partition function has been applied to a gas of point charges. The theory was extended to a multicomponent gas of fermions and bosons, and the ring diagrams were summed to give an approximate expression for the equation of state valid for the entire temperature range. The near-classical limit (high-temperature and low-density so that the gas is only slightly degenerate) is discussed in detail, and useful formulas for numerical computation of pressure and internal energy are derived from the general ring approximation to the equation of state. By expanding the chemical potential in powers of the coupling constant e/sup 2/, it is possible to eliminate the parametric dependence of pressure and density on the chemical potential and obtain the pressure as a function of density. The classical-limit Debye-Huckel results are obtained when h approaches 0. A general form of the screening length is obtained with the effective screening charge as z/sub i/e THETA /sub i/, where THETA /sub i/ is a measure of the degeneracy of the particle species i. The contribution to the pressure from the simplest exchange interaction valid for all temperatares is evaluated exactly. The temperature and density range for which the nearclassical- limit formulas are valid is discussed. (auth).

Download or read book NASA Reference Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Transport Properties of Partially Ionized Nonequilibrium Gases written by Gerhard Ludwig Grohs and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Non Equilibrium Reacting Gas Flows written by Ekaterina Nagnibeda and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-09 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the present monograph, we develop the kinetic theory of transport phenomena and relaxation processes in the flows of reacting gas mixtures and discuss its applications to strongly non-equilibrium conditions. The main attention is focused on the influence of non-equilibrium kinetics on gas dynamics and transport properties. Closed systems of fluid dynamic equations are derived from the kinetic equations in different approaches. We consider the most accurate approach taking into account the state-to-state kinetics in a flow, as well as simplified multi-temperature and one-temperature models based on quasi-stationary distributions. Within these approaches, we propose the algorithms for the calculation of the transport coefficients and rate coefficients of chemical reactions and energy exchanges in non-equilibrium flows; the developed techniques are based on the fundamental kinetic theory principles. The theory is applied to the modeling of non-equilibrium flows behind strong shock waves, in the boundary layer, and in nozzles. The comparison of the results obtained within the frame of different approaches is presented, the advantages of the new state-to-state kinetic model are discussed, and the limits of validity for simplified models are established. The book can be interesting for scientists and graduate students working on physical gas dynamics, aerothermodynamics, heat and mass transfer, non-equilibrium physical-chemical kinetics, and kinetic theory of gases.

Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Calculations and Curve Fits of Thermodynamic and Transport Properties for Equilibrium Air to 30 000 K written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Calculations and Curve Fits of Thermodynamic and Transport Properties for Equilibrium Air to 30000 K written by Roop N. Gupta and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Technical Publications Announcements with Indexes written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Journal of Non equilibrium Thermodynamics written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Selected Listing of NASA Scientific and Technical Reports for written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 2088 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book NASA Scientific and Technical Reports written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Scientific and Technical Information Division and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 2300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: