Download or read book Appropriating the Weather written by Robert Marc Friedman and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-05 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Robert Marc Friedman analyzes the revolution in the theory and practice of meteorology during the first quarter of the twentieth century, initiated by Vilhelm Bjerknes (1862–1951) and his collaborators. In contrast to the approach that had dominated meteorology since the late nineteenth century, their weather models and forecasting techniques marked a decisive turn to a dynamical–physical understanding of the atmosphere. Using a wide range of sources, both published and unpublished, Friedman traces the emergence of the new, so-called Bergen methodology and the process by which it transformed first Norwegian and then worldwide weather forecasting. The establishment of the new meteorology, he argues, was the result of a complaex interaction of scientific, social, and technological factors, and he gives special emphasis to the way in which Bjerknes adapted his mechanical physics of the atmosphere to benefit commercial purposes. By providing more reliable forecasts for farmers, fishermen, and especially for aviators, Bjerknes was able to nurture a school of disciples that could evert a profound influence on the international meteorological community, thereby increasing his own authority and that of the discipline he sought to shape. Friedman does an unusually subtle job of integrating the often opposing methods of the history and the sociology of science. He explains in detail how Bjerknes, a theoretical physicist, and his collaborators developed a new model of cyclone evolution and the first clear physical explanation of how weather happens. At the same time, Friedman demonstrates how conceptual change was interconnected with the Bergen school's striving to obtain political support at home and to dominate professional meteorology abroad. Appropriating the Weather is an invaluable contribution to our understanding of the processes in which scientific, institutional, and social factors interact to form scientific disciplines. It deserves wide readership among historians and sociologists of science and science policy makers, as well as meteorologists and other geophysical scientists. Winner of the Louis J. Battan Author's Award (American Meteorological Society) Winner of the Jehuda Neumann Memorial Prize for History (Royal Meteorological Society) One of eight classics of 20th-century continental European history of science (Isis, History of Science Society)

Download or read book Appropriating the Weather written by Robert Marc Friedman and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 1993-09 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzes the revolution in the theory and practice of meteorology during the first quarter of the twentieth century, initiated by Vilhelm Bjerknes (1862-1951) and his collaborators. Gives special emphasis to the way in which Bjerknes adapted his mechanical physics of the atmosphere to benefit commercial purposes by providing more reliable forecasts for farmers, fishermen, and aviators. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book Appropriating the Weather written by Robert Marc Friedman and published by . This book was released on 19?? with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Inventing Atmospheric Science written by James Rodger Fleming and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-02-10 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How scientists used transformative new technologies to understand the complexities of weather and the atmosphere, told through the intertwined careers of three key figures. “The goal of meteorology is to portray everything atmospheric, everywhere, always,” declared John Bellamy and Harry Wexler in 1960, soon after the successful launch of TIROS 1, the first weather satellite. Throughout the twentieth century, meteorological researchers have had global ambitions, incorporating technological advances into their scientific study as they worked to link theory with practice. Wireless telegraphy, radio, aviation, nuclear tracers, rockets, digital computers, and Earth-orbiting satellites opened up entirely new research horizons for meteorologists. In this book, James Fleming charts the emergence of the interdisciplinary field of atmospheric science through the lives and careers of three key figures: Vilhelm Bjerknes (1862–1951), Carl-Gustaf Rossby (1898–1957), and Harry Wexler (1911–1962). In the early twentieth century, Bjerknes worked to put meteorology on solid observational and theoretical foundations. His younger colleague, the innovative and influential Rossby, built the first graduate program in meteorology (at MIT), trained aviation cadets during World War II, and was a pioneer in numerical weather prediction and atmospheric chemistry. Wexler, one of Rossby's best students, became head of research at the U.S. Weather Bureau, where he developed new technologies from radar and rockets to computers and satellites, conducted research on the Antarctic ice sheet, and established carbon dioxide measurements at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii. He was also the first meteorologist to fly into a hurricane—an experience he chose never to repeat. Fleming maps both the ambitions of an evolving field and the constraints that checked them—war, bureaucracy, economic downturns, and, most important, the ultimate realization (prompted by the formulation of chaos theory in the 1960s by Edward Lorenz) that perfectly accurate measurements and forecasts would never be possible.

Download or read book Environmental Education written by Matthew Etherington and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2023-08-03 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has a single motif and a dual purpose. Its motif is the portrayal of influential authors within an environmental framework and worldview. The design is presented in different ways in which environmental understandings might be understood. The purposes are to engender in the reader a broad knowledge of some of the ideas and problems inherent in a discussion of nature and the environment and to stimulate the reader to go further into the sources of their tradition and worldview in search of meaning and insights that are uniquely relevant to their philosophy.

Download or read book Inventing Atmospheric Science written by James Rodger Fleming and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-02-05 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This big picture history of atmospheric research examines the first six decades of the twentieth century, from the dawn of applied fluid dynamics to the emergence, by 1960, of the interdisciplinary atmospheric sciences. Using newly available archival sources, it documents the work of three interconnected generations of scientists: Vilhelm Bjerknes, Carl-Gustaf Rossby, and Harry Wexler, whose aspirations were fueled by new theoretical insights, pressing societal needs, and expanded technological capabilities. Radio, radar, aviation, nuclear tracers, digital computing, sounding rockets, and satellites provided new ways to measure and study the global atmosphere -- a huge and dauntingly complex system. Bjerknes brought us a fundamental circulation theorem and founded the Bergen school of weather forecasting; Rossby established the graduate schools of meteorology at M.I.T., Chicago, and Stockholm, which focused on upper-air dynamics and, after 1947, on atmospheric environmental issues; and Wexler brought all the new technologies into the U.S. Weather Bureau and, with his colleague Jule Charney, prepared the foundations for the emergence of the interdisciplinary atmospheric sciences. This history weaves together cold war studies, military history, the rise of government research and development, and aviation and aeronautics with a nascent global awareness. It is a fascinating history of something we all experience--the weather --told through compelling historical characters"--Provided by publisher.

Download or read book Sciences of the Earth written by Gregory A. Good and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-10-18 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The planet as seen by its inhabitants In two millenia, our knowledge of the planet and its natural laws and forces has undergone remarkable changes--from the religious belief of earth as the center of the universe to the modern astronomers' view that it is a mere speck in the cosmos. Now a first-of-its-kind reference work charts this remarkable intellectual progression in our evolving perception of the earth by surveying the history of geology, geography, geophysics, oceanography, meteorology, space science, and many other fields. Covers human understanding of the Earth in various times and cultures The Encyclopedia traces our understanding of the earth and its functioning throughout history, summarizing historical explanations of earthly occurrences, including explanations with no scientific basis. It presents the latest facts and theories, explains how our understanding of the earth has evolved, and shows why many outrageous and fanciful earlier ideas were accepted in their time. The coverage explores the physical phenomena that inform our knowledge, starting at the earth's core and extending outward through the mantle, crust, oceans, and atmosphere to the magnetosphere and beyond. Charts the evolution of our perceptions The primary focus of the Encyclopedia is the history of the study of the earth. It also discusses the institutions that advanced and shaped science and probes the interplay between science, practical applications, and social and political forces. The result is a unified historical overview of the earth across a wide canvas of time and place, from antiquity to the space age. Its wide-ranging articles summarize subjects as diverse as geography and imperialism, environmentalism, computers and meteorology, ozone formation theories since 1800, scientific rocketry, the Scopes trial, and much more. Special Features Shows how diverse disciplines, from geology to space science, fit together in a coherent view of the earth * Explains earlier ideas and theories in the context of the beliefs and scientific knowledge of their time * Spotlights important institutions that have shaped the history of science * Explores relationships between science, practical applications, and sociopolitical concerns * Provides a subject index and an index of scientists with birth/death dates

Download or read book An Act Appropriating Funds for the Operation of the Government of the Republic of the Philippines written by Philippines and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 1540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Second Supplemental Appropriation Bill for 1961 Hearings Before 86 2 on H R 13161 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Appropriations Committee and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 1650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Second Supplemental Appropriation Bill for 1961 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Still Modernism written by Louise Hornby and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes bibliographical references (pages 221-232) and index.

Download or read book Eye Of The Storm written by J. Rosenfeld and published by Da Capo Press, Incorporated. This book was released on 1999-04-21 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What ignites those terrifying bolts of lightning that shoot down from the heavens? What sparks those torrential downpours that flood towns in a matter of minutes? Why do these merciless acts of nature lure us to our windows although we fear their destructive powers?

Download or read book Agriculture Appropriation Bill written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 1842 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Weather as Medium written by Janine Randerson and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a time of climate crisis, a growing number of artists use weather or atmosphere as an artistic medium, collaborating with scientists, local communities, and climate activists. Their work mediates scientific modes of knowing and experiential knowledge of weather, probing collective anxieties and raising urgent ecological questions, oscillating between the "big picture systems view" and a ground-based perspective. In this book, Janine Randerson explores a series of meteorological art projects from the 1960s to the present that draw on sources ranging from dynamic, technological, and physical systems to indigenous cosmology.

Download or read book Federal Airport Act Costs for Land Acquisitions Extending Time for Appropriating and Expending Funds written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: S. 1281 an act to amend the Federal Airport Act so to make the United States share of costs for land acquisition the same as for other project costs; S. 2875, etc.

Download or read book Third Supplemental Appropriation Bill for 1948 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 1152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Second Supplemental Appropriation Bill for 1948 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: