Download or read book Learned Helplessness written by Christopher Peterson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1993 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When experience with uncontrollable events gives rise to the expectation that events in the future will also elude control, disruptions in motivation, emotion, and learning may ensue. "Learned helplessness" refers to the problems that arise in the wake of uncontrollability. First described in the 1960s among laboratory animals, learned helplessness has since been applied to a variety of human problems entailing inappropriate passivity and demoralization. While learned helplessness is best known as an explanation of depression, studies with both people and animals have mapped out the cognitive and biological aspects. The present volume, written by some of the most widely recognized leaders in the field, summarizes and integrates the theory, research, and application of learned helplessness. Each line of work is evaluated critically in terms of what is and is not known, and future directions are sketched. More generally, psychiatrists and psychologists in various specialties will be interested in the book's argument that a theory emphasizing personal control is of particular interest in the here and now, as individuality and control are such salient cultural topics.

Download or read book Dictionary of French and English English and French written by John Bellows and published by . This book was released on 1911 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Knowledge Acquisition from Text and Pictures written by H. Mandl and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1989-04-01 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Media-didactics have recently become more firmly grounded on cognitive theory, with an increasing concern for the internal processes of knowledge representation and acquisition. With this cognitive aspect in mind, an international group of researchers held a meeting in Tübingen, Federal Republic of Germany, to present and discuss the theoretical approaches to and empirical investigations of knowledge acquisition from text and pictures. This volume contains the revised contributions resulting from that meeting.

Download or read book Learning From Textbooks written by Bruce K. Britton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-11-12 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is surprising that there is so little research on textbooks, given their centrality to teaching and learning in elementary and secondary schools. Textbooks have become a focus of political and cultural controversy, advocating a multicultural curriculum that has sparked some vigorous protests. Research is absent in this debate; therefore, questions of legitimate knowledge, the role of textbooks, textbook design, policy selection issues, and economic issues concerning the marketplace are not part of the current debate. Without insights of research on considerate text, mentioning, illustrations and so forth, the current controversy will result in publishers responding to demands for more content not less; thus, textbooks will become compendia of information that on the surface satisfy everyone. This volume demonstrates how research on important issues relative to textbook design can advance our knowledge about what makes textbooks effective learning tools, and thus inform policymakers, publishers, and those involved in textbook selection. Representing pure and applied approaches, researchers present papers on the quality of writing, the role of questions, the role of pictures and illustrations, and the role of auxiliary materials in the design of effective textbooks. The chapters provide insight into research and its application to textbook design and improvement -- stimulating others to follow this lead.

Download or read book ELexicography in the 21st Century New Challenges New Applications written by Sylviane Granger and published by Presses univ. de Louvain. This book was released on 2010-06 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of lexicography is undergoing a major revolution. The rapid replacement of the traditional paper dictionary by electronic dictionaries opens up exciting possibilities but also constitutes a major challenge to the field. The eLexicography in the 21st Century: New Challenges, New Applications conference organized by the Centre for English Corpus Linguistics of the Université catholique de Louvain in October 2009 aimed to bring together the many researchers around the world who are working in the fast developing field of electronic lexicography and to act as a showcase for the latest lexicographic developments and software solutions in the field. The conference attracted both academics and industrial partners from 30 different countries who presented electronic dictionary projects dealing with no less than 22 languages. The resulting proceedings volume bears witness to the tremendous vitality and diversity of research in the field. The volume covers a wide range span of topics, including: -the use of language resources for lexicographic purposes, in the form of lexical databases like WordNet or corpora of different types - innovative changes to the dictionary structure afforded by the electronic medium, in particular multiple access routes and efficient integration of phraseology -specialised dictionaries (e.g. SMS dictionaries, sign language dictionaries) -automated customisation of dictionaries in function of users' needs -exploitation of Natural Language Processing tools - integration of electronic dictionaries into language learning and teaching

Download or read book Cultures of Curriculum written by Pamela Bolotin Joseph and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This txtbk presents the concept of curriculum as culture-a system of implicit & explicit beliefs, values, behaviors, & customs in classrooms & schools. Goal is to foster awareness, examination, & deliberation about the curricula planned for & carried out

Download or read book Basics of Language for Language Learners 2nd Edition written by Peter W. Culicover and published by . This book was released on 2017-08-29 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basics of Language for Language Learners, 2nd edition, by Peter W. Culicover and Elizabeth V. Hume, systematically explores all the aspects of language central to second language learning: the sounds of language, the different grammatical structures, the tools and strategies for learning, the social functions of communication, and the psychology of language learning and use.

Download or read book Competence based Vocational and Professional Education written by Martin Mulder and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-08 with total page 1145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive overview of extant literature on competence-based vocational and professional education since the introduction of the competence concept in the 1950s. To structure the fi eld, the book distinguishes between three approaches to defi ning competence, based on 1.functional behaviourism, 2. integrated occupationalism, and 3. situated professionalism. It also distinguishes between two ways of operationalizing competence: 1. behaviour-oriented generic, and 2. task-oriented specifi c competence. Lastly, it identifi es three kinds of competencies, related to: 1. specific activities, 2. known jobs, and 3. the unknown future. Competence for the unknown future must receive more attention, as our world is rapidly evolving and there are many ‘glocal’ challenges which call for innovation and a profound transformation of policies and practices. Th e book presents a range of diff erent approaches to competence-based education, and demonstrates that competencebased education is a worldwide innovation, which is institutionalized in various ways. It presents the major theories and policies, specifi c components of educational systems, such as recognition, accreditation, modelling and assessment, and developments in discipline-oriented and transversal competence domains. Th e book concludes by synthesizing the diff erent perspectives with the intention to contribute to further improving vocational and professional education policy and practice. Joao Santos, Deputy Head of Unit C5, Vocational Training and Adult Education, Directorate General for Employment, Social Aff airs and Inclusion, European Commission: “This comprehensive work on competence-based education led by Martin Mulder, provides an excellent and timely contribution to the current debate on a New Skills Agenda for Europe, and the challenge of bridging the employment and education and training worlds closer together. Th is book will infl uence our work aimed at improving the relevance of vocational education to support initial and continuing vocational education and training policy and practice aimed at strengthening the key competencies for the 21st century.” Prof. Dr. Reinhold Weiss, Deputy President and Head of the Research, Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB), Bonn, Germany: “This book illustrates that the idea and concept of competence is not only a buzzword in educational debates but key to innovative pedagogical thinking as well as educational practice.” Prof. Dr. Johanna Lasonen, College of Education, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA: "Competence-based Vocational and Professional Education is one of the most important multi-disciplinary book in education and training. Th is path-breaking book off ers a timely, rich and global perspective on the fi eld. Th e book is a good resource for practitioners, policymakers and researchers."

Download or read book Face Image Analysis with Convolutional Neural Networks written by Stefan Duffner and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2009-08 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2008 in the subject Computer Science - Applied, grade: 1, University of Freiburg (Lehrstuhl für Mustererkennung und Bildverarbeitung), language: English, abstract: In this work, we present the problem of automatic appearance-based facial analysis with machine learning techniques and describe common specific sub-problems like face detection, facial feature detection and face recognition which are the crucial parts of many applications in the context of indexation, surveillance, access-control or human-computer interaction. To tackle this problem, we particularly focus on a technique called Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) which is inspired by biological evidence found in the visual cortex of mammalian brains and which has already been applied to many different classi fication problems. Existing CNN-based methods, like the face detection system proposed by Garcia and Delakis, show that this can be a very effective, efficient and robust approach to non-linear image processing tasks. An important step in many automatic facial analysis applications, e.g. face recognition, is face alignment which tries to translate, scale and rotate the face image such that specific facial features are roughly at predefined positions in the image. We propose an efficient approach to this problem using CNNs and experimentally show its very good performance on difficult test images. We further present a CNN-based method for automatic facial feature detection. The proposed system employs a hierarchical procedure which first roughly localizes the eyes, the nose and the mouth and then refines the result by detecting 10 different facial feature points. The detection rate of this method is 96% for the AR database and 87% for the BioID database tolerating an error of 10% of the inter-ocular distance. Finally, we propose a novel face recognition approach based on a specific CNN architecture learning a non-linear mapping of the image space into a lower-dim

Download or read book Excellence in University Assessment written by David Carless and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-04-24 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessment in higher education is an area of intense current interest, not least due to its central role in student learning processes. Excellence in University Assessment is a pioneering text which contributes to the theory and practice of assessment through detailed discussion and analysis of award-winning teaching across multiple disciplines. It provides inspiration and strategies for higher education practitioners to improve their understanding and practice of assessment. The book uses an innovative model of learning-oriented assessment to analyze the practice of university teachers who have been recipients of teaching awards for excellence. It critically scrutinizes their methods in context in order to develop key insights into effective teaching, learning and assessment processes. Pivotal topics include: Competing priorities in assessment and ways of tackling them; The nature of quality assessment task design; The student experience of assessment; Promoting student engagement with feedback. An indispensable contribution to assessment in higher education, Excellence in University Assessment is a valuable guide for university leaders, middle managers, staff developers, teachers and researchers interested in the crucial topic of assessment.

Download or read book E Lexicography written by Pedro A. Fuertes-Olivera and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2011-10-20 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at current research and future directions in e-lexicography. Online dictionaries and reference tools are increasingly prevalent in a digitized and internet-led era in language study that has embraced computational linguistics. This book responds with theoretical and practical analysis of key topics, from a global range of contributors. Since COBUILD in the 1980s, lexicographers have found it essential to engage with and utilize electronic computational tools. Internet dictionaries, online reference tools and even search engine optimization demand a knowledge of electronic lexicography and force a reassessment of the field. This volume looks at, amongst other topics: • Polyfunctional versus monofunctional dictionary tools • Developing theories of lexicography for electronic mediums • Distinguishing between the database and the dictionary • Online dictionaries not as data repositories but as sophisticated search engines This volume will appeal to scholars in lexicography and to practicing lexicographers.

Download or read book Teaching Every Student in the Digital Age written by David Howard Rose and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ensuring that all students achieve the same high standard of learning would be much easier if you could quickly and easily customize lesson plans and curriculum materials to each student's needs, interests, and skills level. Here's a book that explains how to make that ideal a reality. Explore the concept of Universal Design for Learning and how it can help you meet standards while you address the unique needs of each student. Drawing from brain research and the power of digital technology, the authors explain how to - Set appropriate goals for every student. - Choose the teaching methods and materials that give every student optimum instructional support. - Ensure the fair and accurate assessment of every student's progress. A school case study, a set of templates, and links to online resources get you started in applying the concepts to your classroom. A companion website offers interactive experiences, classroom videos, lessons, online discussions, interviews with experts, student case stories, resource links, and more in-depth information.

Download or read book Assessing Competence in Professional Performance across Disciplines and Professions written by Paul F. Wimmers and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the challenges of cross-professional comparisons and proposes new forms of performance assessment to be used in professions education. It addresses how complex issues are learned and assessed across and within different disciplines and professions in order to move the process of “performance assessment for learning” to the next level. In order to be better equipped to cope with increasing complexity, change and diversity in professional education and performance assessment, administrators and educators will engage in crucial systems thinking. The main question discussed by the book is how the required competence in the performance of students can be assessed during their professional education at both undergraduate and graduate levels. To answer this question, the book identifies unresolved issues and clarifies conceptual elements for performance assessment. It reviews the development of constructs that cross disciplines and professions such as critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and problem solving. It discusses what it means to instruct and assess students within their own domain of study and across various roles in multiple contexts, but also what it means to instruct and assess students across domains of study in order to judge integration and transfer of learning outcomes. Finally, the book examines what it takes for administrators and educators to develop competence in assessment, such as reliably judging student work in relation to criteria from multiple sources. "... the co-editors of this volume, Marcia Mentkowski and Paul F. Wimmers, are associated with two institutions whose characters are so intimately associated with the insight that assessment must be integrated with curriculum and instructional program if it is to become a powerful influence on the educational process ..." Lee Shulman, Stanford University

Download or read book Neuropsychological and Cognitive Processes in Reading written by Francis J. Pirozzolo and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Cultural Industries written by David Hesmondhalgh and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2018-12-14 with total page 735 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An undisputed classic, the Fourth Edition of this bestselling media studies text offers an unparalleled analysis of the cultural industries. Bringing together a huge range of research, theory and key concepts, David Hesmondhalgh provides an accessible yet critical exploration of cultural production and consumption in the global media landscape. This new edition: Analyses the influence of IT and tech companies like Google, Apple, Amazon and Facebook on the cultural industries. Discusses the impact of digital technologies on industries such as music, TV, newspapers, books and digital games. Explores the effects of digitalisation on culture, discussing critical issues like participation, power, commercialism, surveillance, and labour. Examines the changing conceptions of audiences, and the increasing influence of market research, audience tracking and advertising. As one of the most read, most studied and most cited books in the field, this Fourth Edition is an essential resource for students and researchers of media and communication studies, the cultural and creative industries, cultural studies and the sociology of the media.

Download or read book Arabic Language Processing From Theory to Practice written by Kamel Smaïli and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-04 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes revised selected papers from the 7th International Conference on Arabic Language Processing, ICALP 2019, held in Nancy, France, in October 2019. The 21 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 38 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: Arabic dialects and sentiment analysis; neural techniques for text and speech; modeling modern standard Arabic; resources: analysis, disambiguation and evaluation.

Download or read book The Economics of Language written by Donald McLean Lamberton and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Observing that technology is now taking a central place in the field of economics, Lamberton (visiting fellow, public policy, Australian National U.) argues that the "oldest and most public of technologies, language" be given a central role as well. After making the case for the importance of language in economics, he presents 20 contributions that attempt to do just that, exploring theoretical approaches, the impact of language on profits and wages, socio-economic aspects of language policies, and the use of information technologies to mitigate linguistic barriers. The papers have all been previously published, appearing between 1965 and 2000, but mostly drawn from the 1990s. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR