Download or read book Appraising Workfare Programs written by Martin Ravallion and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper offers some simple analytic tools for a rapid appraisal of workfare programs. It discusses requirements for successful programs and explains the conditions and information requirements that should be taken into account when designing and implementing such programs. Programs are studied in the abstract and from stylized versions of a range of actual programs.
Download or read book Appraising Workfare Programs written by Martin Ravallion and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simple analytical tools can help appraise workfare programs when data and time are scarce. They can also help design better programs. Workfare programs aim to reduce poverty by providing low-wage work for those who need it. They are often turned to in a crisis when there is too little time for a rigorous evaluation. They are also relatively complex programs, and difficult to evaluate.Ravallion offers some simple analytical tools for rapidly appraising workfare programs. For pedagogic purposes, the two programs are stylized versions of a range of programs found in actual practice. One is for a middle-income country (in which unemployment has risen sharply in the wake of macroeconomic stabilization and reform), the other for a low-income country (hit by severe drought). The sole objective of both programs is to reduce poverty.By rough calculations, the cost of a $1 gain to the poor is $2.50 in both cases, though the same gain in current earnings would cost 50 to 100 percent more.Benefits to the poor could be greatly enhanced by design changes - for example, switching to more labor-intensive production methods for subprojects (in the middle-income country); enhancing the indirect benefits within poor communities from the assets created; or striving for greater cost recovery from the nonpoor.This paper - a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to provide practical guidelines for project and policy evaluation.
Download or read book Workfare States written by Jamie Peck and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2001-02-13 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the political economy of workfare, the umbrella term for welfare-to-work initiatives that have been steadily gaining ground since candidate Bill Clinton's 1992 promise to "end welfare as we know it." Peck traces the development, diffusion, and implementation of workfare policies in the United States, and their export to Canada and the United Kingdom. He explores how reforms have been shaped by labor markets and political conditions, how gender and race come into play, and how local programs fit into the broader context of neoliberal economics and globalization. The book cogently demonstrates that workfare rarely involves large-scale job creation, but is more concerned with deterring welfare claims and necessitating the acceptance of low-paying, unstable jobs. Integrating labor market theory, critical policy analysis, and extensive field research, Peck exposes the limitations of workfare policies and points toward more equitable alternatives.
Download or read book Income Gains to the Poor from Workfare written by Jyotsna Jalan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A workfare program was introduced in response to high unemployment in Argentina. An ex-post evaluation using matching methods indicates that the program generated sizable net income gains to generally poor participants.
Download or read book How Fair is Workfare written by Maria Agnes R. Quisumbing and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Men's and women's participation in FFW and self-employment responds differently to household and community shocks. After controlling for selection in which gender plays an important role, gender disadvantages in the wage labor market and FFW are insignificant. Returns to schooling and height are consistently positive in both wage labor and FFW, suggesting returns to human capital investment, even in the low-skill labor markets of rural Ethiopia. Program characteristics significantly affect participation, with differential effects on men and women. Participation, days worked, wages, and earnings vary according to the type of project. Relative to infrastructure projects, water, social services, and other projects decrease participation probabilities. Distance has a strong negative effect on women's participation relative to men's"--Abstract
Download or read book Volatility and the Welfare Costs of Financial Market Integration written by Pierre-Richard Agénor and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the effect of volatility on the costs and benefits of financial market integration. The basic framework combines the costly state verification model and the contract enforceability approach. The welfare effects of financial market integration are assessed by comparing welfare under financial autarky and financial openness -- under which foreign banks, characterized by lower costs of intermediation and a lower markup rate, have free access to domestic capital markets. The analysis shows that financial integration may be welfare reducing if world interest rates under openness are highly volatile. The basic framework is then extended to consider the case of an upward-sloping domestic supply curve of funds and congestion externalities. It is shown, in particular, that opening the economy to unrestricted inflows of capital may magnify the welfare cost of existing distortions, such as congestion externalities or deposit insurance.
Download or read book The Economic Analysis of Sector Investment Programs written by Sēttaphut Sutthiwātnarưphut and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Building and Sustaining the Capacity for Social Policy Reforms written by Belkacem Laabas and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title was first published in 2000: Ten papers on poverty alleviation and social policy matters applied to Arab countries and Africa. They explore the impact on the vulnerable of the implementation of structural adjustment programmes and look at poverty alleviation and social policies, health care and social security issues.
Download or read book Benefit Incidence and the Timing of Program Capture written by Peter Lanjouw and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: August 1998 Benefits from schooling and antipoverty programs in rural India were captured early by the nonpoor. The poor tend to benefit from program expansion, and lose from contraction. Conventional methods of assessing benefit incidence hide this fact. Survey-based estimates of average program participation conditional on income are often used in assessing the distributional impacts of public spending reforms. But program participation could well be nonhomogeneous, so that marginal impacts of program expansion or contraction differ greatly from average impacts. Using the geographic variation found in sample survey data for rural India for 1993-94, Lanjouw and Ravallion estimate the marginal odds of participating in schooling and antipoverty programs. Their results suggest early capture of these programs by the nonpoor. Thus, conventional methods of assessing benefit incidence underestimate the gains to India's rural poor from higher public outlays, and their loss from program cuts. This paper-a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group-was prepared as a background paper for the Bank's 1998 Poverty Assessment for India. The authors may be contacted at [email protected] or [email protected].
Download or read book The World Bank Research Observer written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 902 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Colombia written by Marcelo Giugale and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 1080 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent political changes in Colombia have opened up possibilities to think beyond the long-standing conflict and violence to promote a development agenda, based upon economic growth, social welfare and environmental protection. This publication contains various policy papers which seek to contribute to the national debate on options to address these development challenges. The book is intended to provide the incoming Colombian presidential administration with a comprehensive policy discussion regarding the country's development agenda.
Download or read book Hearings on Welfare Reform H R 30 Fair Work Opportunities Act of 1987 and H R 1720 Family Welfare Reform Act of 1987 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Insurance Against Poverty written by Stefan Dercon and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2004-11-11 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poor people in developing countries are often affected by droughts, floods, illness, crop failure, job loss, and economic downturns. Much of their energy goes into coping with these shocks and into day-to-day survival. While insurance and credit markets, combined with widespread social security, provide an important cushion against poverty in rich countries, the need for immediate survival may lock the poor into persistent poverty in developing countries. The poor in developing countries do have informal mechanisms to cope with risk and misfortune. These are based on income diversification, risk avoidance, self-insurance by saving together with family, and community-based mutual assistance. Nevertheless, the scope of these mechanisms remains limited. Repeated individual-specific shocks such as illness or pests, or covariate risks associated with drought, flood, or recession, undermine the ability of individuals and their families to cope with risk. We now know much more about vulnerability to risk and how poor people cope. Even more importantly, we have learned much about the large long-term consequences of these risks, which condemns many to persistent poverty and excludes them from economic growth. But there is much that can be done. The micro-level studies that underpin this book offer new insights on how effective public action could be more effective in protecting the vulnerable against persistent poverty. Policy should focus on providing a comprehensive menu of ex-ante and post-crisis protection mechanisms, including new forms of insurance, savings, safety nets, and the means to strengthen the poor's asset base. Local communities have a big role to play: public funds should not be used to replace indigenous community-based support networks; rather they should be used to build on the strengths of these networks to ensure broader and more effective protection. With numerous thematic chapters and case studies of both best practice and of failure, from a mix of low-income and middle-income countries across the developing world, this book evaluates alternatives in widening insurance and protection provision, and makes an important contribution to the topical field of insurance and risk.
Download or read book The Impact of Economic Policies on Poverty and Income Distribution written by François Bourguignon and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews techniques and tools that can be used to evaluate the poverty and distributional impact of economic policy choices. This title describes the most robust techniques and tools, from the simplest to the most complex, and aims to identify best practices. It also addresses an evaluation technique and its applications.
Download or read book Manufacturing Firms in Developing Countries written by James R. Tybout and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book East Asia written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: East Asia: The Road to Recovery carefully analyzes the events that led to the current economic crisis in East Asia, the tremendous effects the crisis has had on the Asian economies, and prospects for the region's future. Chapters in the book cover the region's trade and competitiveness; the financial sector at the center of the crisis; the corporate sector's financial performance and governance; the social crisis resulting from the financial crash; protection of the environment as well as the people; and policies for sustainable recovery. This book not only discusses how this catastrophe could ever have taken place, but more importantly, what can be done to ensure that it won't happen again.
Download or read book Shielding the Poor written by Nora Claudia Lustig and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Brookings Institution Press and Inter-American Development Bank publication The poor in developing countries are particularly vulnerable to adverse shocks. They have little or no access to public social insurance, are unlikely to save in adequate amounts to rely fully on self-insurance or informal insurance, face restricted access to private market insurance or credit mechanisms, and have little or no political voice to demand the protection of safety net programs. In this book, the authors analyze the best ways to help the poor manage risks such as health shocks, unemployment, sudden drops in income, and old age. Unemployment benefits, employment programs, means-tested social assistance, social investment funds, and micro-finance for consumption-smoothing purposes are the leading options considered. The book provides a careful assessment of issues that governments need to address in the process of designing appropriate safety nets.
